@article{morgan_dibble_susner_wolcott_wolcott_largier_2021, title={Robotic biomimicry demonstrates behavioral control of planktonic dispersal in the sea}, volume={663}, ISSN={["1616-1599"]}, DOI={10.3354/meps13635}, abstractNote={Plankton are widely considered to be at the mercy of ocean currents, even after decades of research revealing that plankton regulate dispersal by positioning themselves in surface and bottom currents flowing in different directions. The degree of effectiveness of these behaviors remains controversial, because tiny plankters cannot be tracked at sea. Here, we experimentally tested the effectiveness of 3 vertical positioning behaviors in nature by developing a biomimetic robot that emulates them. We conducted a challenging test by deploying them in complex circulation during strong upwelling winds and wind relaxation and reversal events. Behavior alone dramatically affected transport. Transport trajectories of robots with 3 different behaviors diverged markedly while those sharing the same behavior were very similar. Moreover, all 3 behaviors produced trajectories that matched previously modeled projections during both upwelling and relaxation conditions at the study site: shallow plankton disperse far, deep plankton move little, and plankton migrating from depth during the day to the surface at night travel an intermediate distance. The ability of weakly swimming plankton to control their fate and replenish populations in a dynamic ocean is of central importance to the ecology and evolution of marine life and to the management of resources in a changing climate.}, journal={MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES}, author={Morgan, S. G. and Dibble, C. D. and Susner, M. G. and Wolcott, T. G. and Wolcott, D. L. and Largier, J. L.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={51–61} }
 @article{darnell_wolcott_rittschof_2012, title={Environmental and endogenous control of selective tidal-stream transport behavior during blue crab Callinectes sapidus spawning migrations}, volume={159}, ISSN={0025-3162 1432-1793}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00227-011-1841-1}, DOI={10.1007/S00227-011-1841-1}, number={3}, journal={Marine Biology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Darnell, M. Zachary and Wolcott, Thomas G. and Rittschof, Dan}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={621–631} }
 @article{wolcott_hopkins_wolcott_2005, title={Early events in seminal fluid and sperm storage in the female blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun: Effects of male mating history, male size, and season}, volume={319}, ISSN={0022-0981}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2005.01.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jembe.2005.01.001}, abstractNote={Male blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, transfer sperm and seminal fluid to their mates. The quantity of both of these components can vary, and may be particularly reduced in the ejaculate of males that have recently mated. While the potential consequences for fitness of receiving less sperm are obvious, the same is not true of seminal fluid; its role in the blue crab, other than as a sperm plug, is not known. We documented the changes in seminal fluid over time following controlled matings in the laboratory. By allowing males to mate repeatedly in quick succession, we were able to manipulate both the amount of sperm and of seminal fluid that females received. We measured the initial amount of seminal fluid and sperm transferred, and followed the number and viability of sperm, and condition of the spermathecal organs and ovaries, in cohorts of females held for various times post-mating. Females whose mates had mated recently received only about 33% as much ejaculate as those whose mates had full sperm stores. Sperm viability was unaffected, and regardless of male mating history, sperm number declined nearly 50% prior to brood production. We found that all seminal fluid is gone by 5 weeks post-mating, making it unlikely that it plays a role during long-term storage of sperm. The amount of ejaculate was independent of the size of the mate. The spermathecal organs themselves lose 86% of their mass prior to brood production, and this allowed us to develop a staging system for spermathecal condition that was useful for estimating reproductive timing in a field population in North Carolina. Essentially all field-caught females had mated, but sperm viability, sperm number, and ejaculate weight varied with season.}, number={1-2}, journal={Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wolcott, Donna L. and Hopkins, C. Wynne Bost and Wolcott, Thomas G.}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={43–55} }
 @article{aguilar_hines_wolcott_wolcott_kramer_lipcius_2005, title={The timing and route of movement and migration of post-copulatory female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, from the upper Chesapeake Bay}, volume={319}, ISSN={0022-0981}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.08.030}, DOI={10.1016/j.jembe.2004.08.030}, abstractNote={The movement of mature female blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun from lower salinity areas to spawn near the mouths of estuaries is well documented, but specific details of the post-copulatory phase of their migratory behavior are poorly understood in Chesapeake Bay. To test the hypotheses about the timing and route of this migration, we conducted a mark–recapture study of mature females released in a mesohaline portion of the upper Chesapeake Bay. From June 1999 to October 2002, 1440 mature female blue crabs were obtained from fishers, tagged, and released in the vicinity of the Rhode River, Maryland, approximately 200 km distant from the mouth of the Bay. As of the end of 2002, 167 crabs were recaptured (11.6%), with considerable variation in recapture rates among years. All recaptures except one (in Flagler Beach, Florida) were caught within the Chesapeake Bay proper. Recaptures of female crabs released at monthly intervals from June–November indicated that migration occurred during a short fall period rather than over the prolonged period of summer to fall mating. The distances traveled by crabs before recapture differed significantly among release months. On average, crabs released in September and October traveled greater distances than crabs released in earlier months (June–August). Depths of recapture sites differed significantly among months, with shallow depths in June–August increasing in September to a maximum in November. The locations and bathymetry of recapture sites showed that female crabs used areas near the deep channel, especially the eastern shoulder, of the Bay as a migration corridor to the spawning areas of the lower estuary. The distinct fall season and route of migration should provide valuable management information for protecting the declining spawning stock of Chesapeake blue crabs.}, number={1-2}, journal={Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Aguilar, R. and Hines, A.H. and Wolcott, T.G. and Wolcott, D.L. and Kramer, M.A. and Lipcius, R.N.}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={117–128} }
 @article{carver_wolcott_wolcott_hines_2005, title={Unnatural selection: Effects of a male-focused size-selective fishery on reproductive potential of a blue crab population}, volume={319}, ISSN={0022-0981}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.06.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.jembe.2004.06.013}, abstractNote={A male-focused size-selective fishery, like the one targeting the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U.S., has the potential to reduce the average size of the males in the population, reduce the density of males in the population, and/or raise the ratio of females to males. All of these may affect the mating dynamics of the population by reducing the amount of sperm that males provide to females and decreasing the number of males available for copulation. We investigated the effect of the fishery on a blue crab population in upper Chesapeake Bay by collecting crabs in areas of markedly different fishing pressure. Crabs were taken as individuals and as mating pairs, which permitted assessing the size of males currently mating in nature, and the seminal resources they possess and transfer to females. Average size of males in subpopulations that have been subjected to heavier fishing pressure is indeed smaller, and the smaller males pass less sperm and accessory fluid to females than would larger males if they were still present. Some males in pre-copulatory pairs are as sperm depleted as males that had just completed copulation, indicating that they are mating more frequently than they can replace their seminal resources. The most sperm-depleted males in the population are not even pairing or attempting to mate.}, number={1-2}, journal={Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Carver, Adina Motz and Wolcott, Thomas G. and Wolcott, Donna L. and Hines, Anson H.}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={29–41} }
 @article{cooke_hinch_wikelski_andrews_kuchel_wolcott_butler_2004, title={Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology}, volume={19}, ISSN={0169-5347}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003}, abstractNote={Remote measurement of the physiology, behaviour and energetic status of free-living animals is made possible by a variety of techniques that we refer to collectively as 'biotelemetry'. This set of tools ranges from transmitters that send their signals to receivers up to a few kilometers away to those that send data to orbiting satellites and, more frequently, to devices that log data. They enable researchers to document, for long uninterrupted periods, how undisturbed organisms interact with each other and their environment in real time. In spite of advances enabling the monitoring of many physiological and behavioural variables across a range of taxa of various sizes, these devices have yet to be embraced widely by the ecological community. Our review suggests that this technology has immense potential for research in basic and applied animal ecology. Efforts to incorporate biotelemetry into broader ecological research programs should yield novel information that has been challenging to collect historically from free-ranging animals in their natural environments. Examples of research that would benefit from biotelemetry include the assessment of animal responses to different anthropogenic perturbations and the development of life-time energy budgets.}, number={6}, journal={Trends in Ecology & Evolution}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cooke, Steven J. and Hinch, Scott G. and Wikelski, Martin and Andrews, Russel D. and Kuchel, Louise J. and Wolcott, Thomas G. and Butler, Patrick J.}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={334–343} }
 @article{hines_wolcott_gonzález-gurriarán_gonzález-escalante_freire_1995, title={Movement Patterns and Migrations in Crabs: Telemetry of Juvenile and Adult Behaviour in Callinectes Sapidus and Maja Squinado}, volume={75}, ISSN={0025-3154 1469-7769}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400015174}, DOI={10.1017/S0025315400015174}, abstractNote={Late stage juveniles and adults of Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay, USA, and Maja squinado off the Ria de Arousa, Spain, were compared for ontogenetic changes in movement patterns (speed, distance, orientation) and habitat selection (depth, substrate) using ultra-sonic telemetry and published information. After settling in submerged grass beds in the lower Bay, 20-mm juvenile C. sapidus disperse long distances into low salinity sub-estuaries to feed and grow to maturity in two years. Within the Rhode River sub-estuary, juvenile C. sapidus moved with a mean speed of 12 m h1 in nearshore shallows (1·1 m); whereas adults averaged 24 m h·1 in the deeper (2·9 m) channel areas and moved freely in and out of the main estuary. Individuals of both life stages exhibited a pattern of slow meandering (juveniles, 2 m h1, adults 10 m h·1) within a limited area, alternating with faster, directionally-oriented movement (both stages >50 m h·1) between meandering sites. Juvenile and adult males over winter in deeper water nearby, while inseminated females migrate long distances into high salinity areas to incubate the eggs. Callinectes sapidus completes the migration cycle only once per 2·5-y generation. Maja squinado settles on rocks in shallow kelp forests in the coastal zone, where they grow to maturity in 2 y. Juveniles moved slowly (0·5 m h·1) while meandering without directional orientation on shallow (4 m) small patch reefs during summer. After the pubertal moult in summer, adults also meandered slowly (1 m h·1) mostly on rocks at slightly greater depth (7 m). In late summer and autumn, newly mature and older adults moved with directional orientation into deeper (10·40 m) water for the winter, until migrating back to the shallows for the summer; whereas juveniles remained inshore on rocks for the winter. Adult M. squinado live several years after puberty and complete the seasonal migratory cycle several times during their lives.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Hines, A.H. and Wolcott, T.G. and González-Gurriarán, E. and González-Escalante, J.L. and Freire, J.}, year={1995}, month={Feb}, pages={27–42} }
 @article{shirley_wolcott_1991, title={A telemetric study of microhabitat selection by premolt and molting blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus(Rathbun), within a subestuary of the Pamlico River, North Carolina}, volume={19}, ISSN={0091-181X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236249109378802}, DOI={10.1080/10236249109378802}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical characteristics of microhabitats selected by molting blue crabs and to obtain further information concerning the behavior of premolt crabs prior to ecdysis. Premolt blue crabs (both mature males and pubertal females) were tracked until ecdysis using ultrasonic telemetry. Premolt movement patterns and certain characteristics of the ecdysial habitats were measured. There was no detectable difference between males and females in movement patterns or habitat depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, salinity, sediment type, or shoreline preference. However, female crabs were found in habitats containing higher bivalve densities than the habitats occupied by male crabs. In addition, habitats used during premolt by male and female crabs had higher bivalve densities than did ecdysial habitats. Premolt crabs became more selective of habitat salinity and oxygen as they approached ecdysis. A decrease in the variability of habitat salinity was observed thre...}, number={2}, journal={Marine Behaviour and Physiology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shirley, Michael A. and Wolcott, Thomas G.}, year={1991}, month={Oct}, pages={133–148} }