@misc{hubbe_maitland_nanjiba_horst_ahn_potthast_2023, title={Archival Performance of Paper as Affected by Chemical Components: A Review}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.18.3.Hubbe}, abstractNote={For about two millennia, paper has served as a main medium for preservation of people’s ideas, stories, contracts, and art. This article reviews what is known about the various components that make up paper from the perspective of their long-term stability under typical storage conditions. Literature evidence is considered relative to the susceptibility of different paper components to embrittlement, acid hydrolysis, microbiological attack, and discoloration, among others. The cellulose that makes up a majority of most paper items is demonstrably stable enough to persist for many hundreds of years on the shelves of archival collections, though it is susceptible to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, which can be accelerated by byproducts of decomposition. Though less attention has been paid to the archival performance of various minor components of modern paper products, evidence suggests that at least some of them are subject to likely breakdown, embrittlement, or decay in the course of prolonged storage. Based on these considerations, one can envision different categories of paper that can be expected to meet different levels of storage stability: ancient recipes for handmade papermaking, e.g. washi and hanji, archival-grade paper products, ordinary modern alkaline paper products, and paper manufactured without concerns for its longevity.}, number={3}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Hubbe, Martin A. and Maitland, Crystal and Nanjiba, Moumita and Horst, Tali and Ahn, Kyujin and Potthast, Antje}, year={2023}, month={Aug}, pages={6430–6498} }
 @article{horst_smith_potthast_hubbe_2020, title={Accelerated Aging of Deacidified and Untreated Book Paper in 1967 Compared with 52 Years of Natural Aging}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1865-8431"]}, DOI={10.1515/res-2020-0006}, abstractNote={Abstract Three copies of a book that had been optionally deacidified using two different procedures in 1967, and then subjected to accelerated aging, were tested again after 52 years of natural aging. Matched copies of the book Cooking the Greek Way, which had been printed in Czechoslovakia on acidic paper, were evaluated. Nonaqueous treatment of two of the copies with magnesium methoxide dissolved in chlorofluorocarbon solvent had been found in 1967 to have decreased the susceptibility to embrittlement, as evidenced by the results of the accelerated aging, followed by folding endurance tests. Retesting of the same books in 2019, after 52 years of room temperature storage, showed that the deacidification treatments had achieved the following benefits in comparison to the untreated book: (a) higher brightness; (b) higher folding endurance; (c) tensile breaking length higher in the cross-direction of the paper; (d) substantial alkaline reserve content, (e) an alkaline surface pH in the range 7.1–7.4, and (f) higher molecular mass of the cellulose. Remarkably, some of the folding endurance results matched those of unaged samples evaluated in 1967. Scanning electron micrographs showed no differences between the treated and untreated books.}, number={3}, journal={RESTAURATOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL}, author={Horst, Tali H. and Smith, Richard D. and Potthast, Antje and Hubbe, Martin A.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={131–152} }