@misc{patel_quesada-ocampo_wehner_bhatta_correa_malla_2023, title={Recent Advances and Challenges in Management of Colletotrichum orbiculare, the Causal Agent of Watermelon Anthracnose}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2311-7524"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101132}, DOI={10.3390/horticulturae9101132}, abstractNote={The fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare causes watermelon anthracnose and is an important pathogen of watermelon in the United States, causing a significant impact on yield and quality of the produce. The application of fungicides as preventative and post-occurrence control measures is currently being deployed by growers. Further study of the genetic and molecular basis of anthracnose resistance will help in guiding future watermelon breeding strategies. Several conserved virulence factors (effectors) in C. orbiculare have been reported to interact with the host, at times impairing the host immune machinery. A single dominant gene conferring race 1 anthracnose resistance was reported independently on two watermelon germplasm. The recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could facilitate a better understanding of the interaction between C. orbiculare effectors and host resistance genes in the already sequenced watermelon genome. In this review, we encompass and discuss (i) the history of watermelon anthracnose, taxonomy, morphology, and diversity in races of C. orbiculare; (ii) the epidemiology of the anthracnose disease and host resistance; (iii) the genetics behind the pathogenesis; and (iv) the current advances in breeding and molecular efforts to elucidate anthracnose resistance.}, number={10}, journal={HORTICULTURAE}, author={Patel, Takshay and Quesada-Ocampo, Lina M. and Wehner, Todd C. and Bhatta, Bed Prakash and Correa, Edgar and Malla, Subas}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{bhatta_correa_patel_wehner_crosby_thomson_malla_2022, title={Data on inheritance of race 2 anthracnose resistance in watermelon (Citrullus spp.) biparental mapping populations}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2352-3409"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108546}, DOI={10.1016/j.dib.2022.108546}, abstractNote={Anthracnose of watermelon is caused by a fungal pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare. We generated F2 individuals from three different populations: Population 1 (PI 189225 x 'New Hampshire Midget'), Population 2 ('Perola' x PI 189225), and Population 3 ('Verona' x PI 189225). The biparental F2 populations, parents and F1 individuals were inoculated with an isolate of race 2 anthracnose isolated from watermelon. Leaf lesions were visually rated seven days post inoculation on a scale of 0% (no lesion) to 100% (dead true leaf). Here we present the datasets obtained after the disease inoculation. The distribution of data obtained was visualized using histograms and goodness-of-fit was tested using Chi-Square. These datasets provide information on the mode of inheritance of race 2 anthracnose resistance in watermelon.}, journal={DATA IN BRIEF}, author={Bhatta, Bed Prakash and Correa, Edgar and Patel, Takshay and Wehner, Todd C. and Crosby, Kevin M. and Thomson, MichaelJ. and Malla, Subas}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{bhatta_patel_correa_wehner_crosby_thomson_metz_wang_brun_johnson_et al._2022, title={Dissection of race 1 anthracnose resistance in a watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) biparental mapping population}, volume={218}, ISSN={["1573-5060"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10681-022-03108-7}, abstractNote={Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont.) Arx syn. lagenaria, is one of the most important diseases of watermelon in the United States and worldwide. The study was conducted to identify C. orbiculare race 1 resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a ‘Charleston Gray’, resistant parent, and ‘New Hampshire Midget’, susceptible parent, biparental mapping population. The mapping population consisted of 228 F2 and the validation population consisted of 60 individuals each in BC1P1 and BC1P2. The disease severity was rated using a disease index comprising a rating scale of 0–100%. IciMapping was used to draw the linkage map and R/qtl non-parametric method (‘model = np’) was used to identity QTL. We identified a major disease resistance QTL, Qar1-8, on chromosome 8. The significant SNP marker S8_5149002, part of a putative coiled-coil (CC)–nucleotide-binding site (NBS)–leucine-rich repeat (LRR) (CC-NBS-LRR or CNL; ClCG08G002410), had a LOD of 14.06. The significant marker was validated on mapping populations using R package functions ‘chisq.test’, ‘wilcox.test’, ‘kruskal.test’, and ‘dunn.test’. The significant marker S8_5149002 was also tested for its ability to differentiate race 1 anthracnose resistance on 61 watermelon germplasm including 41 plant introduction (PI) lines. Hence, the diagnostic SNP marker S8_5149002 could be used for marker assisted selection (MAS) for race 1 anthracnose resistance in watermelon breeding programs.}, number={11}, journal={EUPHYTICA}, author={Bhatta, Bed Prakash and Patel, Takshay and Correa, Edgar and Wehner, Todd C. and Crosby, Kevin M. and Thomson, Michael J. and Metz, Richard and Wang, Shichen and Brun, Marcel and Johnson, Charles D. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @misc{patel_williamson_2016, title={Mannitol in Plants, Fungi, and Plant-Fungal Interactions}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1878-4372"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.006}, abstractNote={Mannitol is proposed to have a role(s) in protecting cells and cellular structures against damage by reactive oxygen that is unrelated to previous models of radical scavenging. The application of newer techniques, such as targeted gene disruption, now allows for new interpretations of the nature and role of mannitol metabolism in fungi. Although the presence of mannitol in organisms as diverse as plants and fungi clearly suggests that this compound has important roles, our understanding of fungal mannitol metabolism and its interaction with mannitol metabolism in plants is far from complete. Despite recent inroads into understanding the importance of mannitol and its metabolic roles in salt, osmotic, and oxidative stress tolerance in plants and fungi, our current understanding of exactly how mannitol protects against reactive oxygen is also still incomplete. In this opinion, we propose a new model of the interface between mannitol metabolism in plants and fungi and how it impacts plant–pathogen interactions. Although the presence of mannitol in organisms as diverse as plants and fungi clearly suggests that this compound has important roles, our understanding of fungal mannitol metabolism and its interaction with mannitol metabolism in plants is far from complete. Despite recent inroads into understanding the importance of mannitol and its metabolic roles in salt, osmotic, and oxidative stress tolerance in plants and fungi, our current understanding of exactly how mannitol protects against reactive oxygen is also still incomplete. In this opinion, we propose a new model of the interface between mannitol metabolism in plants and fungi and how it impacts plant–pathogen interactions. everything outside the cell plasma membrane; also referred to as the extracellular space. pores connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells, bridging the apoplast to form a semicontinuous symplastic space throughout the plant. everything in a plant cell inside the plasma membrane.}, number={6}, journal={TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Patel, Takshay K. and Williamson, John D.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={486–497} }