@article{scheible_stinson_breen_callahan_thomas_meiklejohn_2024, title={The development of non-destructive sampling methods of parchment skins for genetic species identification}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299524}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0299524}, abstractNote={Parchment, the skins of animals prepared for use as writing surfaces, offers a valuable source of genetic information. Many have clearly defined provenance, allowing for the genetic findings to be evaluated in temporal and spatial context. While these documents can yield evidence of the animal sources, the DNA contained within these aged skins is often damaged and fragmented. Previously, genetic studies targeting parchment have used destructive sampling techniques and so the development and validation of non-destructive sampling methods would expand opportunities and facilitate testing of more precious documents, especially those with historical significance. Here we present genetic data obtained by non-destructive sampling of eight parchments spanning the 15th century to the modern day. We define a workflow for enriching the mitochondrial genome (mtGenome), generating next-generation sequencing reads to permit species identification, and providing interpretation guidance. Using sample replication, comparisons to destructively sampled controls, and by establishing authentication criteria, we were able to confidently assign full/near full mtGenome sequences to 56.3% of non-destructively sampled parchments, each with greater than 90% of the mtGenome reference covered. Six of eight parchments passed all four established thresholds with at least one non-destructive sample, highlighting promise for future studies.}, number={3}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Scheible, Melissa and Stinson, Timothy L. and Breen, Matthew and Callahan, Benjamin J. and Thomas, Rachael and Meiklejohn, Kelly A.}, editor={Shakoori, Abdul RaufEditor}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{stinson_2023, title={"Al for Some Conclusioun": Trinitarian Structure and the Final Stanza of Chaucer's Troilus}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1528-4204"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5325/chaucerrev.58.1.0001}, DOI={10.5325/chaucerrev.58.1.0001}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT
               Critics have been sharply divided both on whether the ending of Troilus and Criseyde is an artistic mishap or a key to the meaning of the larger poem and whether it signals agreement with or a departure from Dante. This article argues that the model of the Trinity employed by Dante also has structural meaning for Troilus, but that theending of Troilus clearly signals a worldview that departs from that found in the Commedia. It further demonstrates that the structure of the poem is divided into thirds, even as it is divided in half, and even as it is a cohesive whole, a feature that has important implications for interpretative cruxes surrounding the poem.}, number={1}, journal={CHAUCER REVIEW}, author={Stinson, Timothy}, year={2023}, pages={1–34} }
 @article{hickinbotham_fiddyment_stinson_collins_2020, title={How to get your goat: automated identification of species from MALDI-ToF spectra}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1460-2059"]}, DOI={10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa181}, abstractNote={Abstract
               
                  Motivation
                  Classification of archaeological animal samples is commonly achieved via manual examination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) spectra. This is a time-consuming process which requires significant training and which does not produce a measure of confidence in the classification. We present a new, automated method for arriving at a classification of a MALDI-ToF sample, provided the collagen sequences for each candidate species are available. The approach derives a set of peptide masses from the sequence data for comparison with the sample data, which is carried out by cross-correlation. A novel way of combining evidence from multiple marker peptides is used to interpret the raw alignments and arrive at a classification with an associated confidence measure.
               
               
                  Results
                  To illustrate the efficacy of the approach, we tested the new method with a previously published classification of parchment folia from a copy of the Gospel of Luke, produced around 1120 C.E. by scribes at St Augustine’s Abbey in Canterbury, UK. In total, 80 of the 81 samples were given identical classifications by both methods. In addition, the new method gives a quantifiable level of confidence in each classification.
               
               
                  Availability and implementation
                  The software can be found at https://github.com/bioarch-sjh/bacollite, and can be installed in R using devtools.
               
               
                  Supplementary information
                  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
               }, number={12}, journal={BIOINFORMATICS}, author={Hickinbotham, Simon and Fiddyment, Sarah and Stinson, Timothy L. and Collins, Matthew J.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={3719–3725} }
 @article{stinson_2016, title={(In)completeness in Middle English Literature The Case of the Cook's Tale and the Tale of Gamelyn}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2380-1190"]}, DOI={10.1353/mns.2016.0000}, abstractNote={This essay considers the ways in which incompleteness – the de facto status of virtually all of Middle English literature – is both a type of failure and a special characteristic of this literature. The discussion is framed around the incomplete Cook’s Tale from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and the Tale of Gamelyn, a romance frequently misattributed to Chaucer that circulated with the Canterbury Tales, often to fill the gap left by the incomplete Cook’s Tale.}, number={1}, journal={MANUSCRIPT STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF THE SCHOENBERG INSTITUTE FOR MANUSCRIPT STUDIES}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2016}, pages={115–134} }
 @article{stinson_2016, title={A Facsimile of the Vernon Manuscript: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Eng. Poet. A. 1}, volume={91}, ISSN={["2040-8072"]}, DOI={10.1086/684473}, abstractNote={Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsWendy Scase, ed., with software by Nick Kennedy, A Facsimile of the Vernon Manuscript: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Eng. Poet. A. 1. (Bodleian Digital Texts 3.) Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2011. DVD-ROM; facsimile and full transcription with search hyperlinks. $395. ISBN: 978-185124-333-4.Timothy L. StinsonTimothy L. StinsonNorth Carolina State University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 91, Number 1January 2016 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/684473 Views: 51Total views on this site Copyright 2016 by the Medieval Academy of America. All rights reserved. For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.}, number={1}, journal={SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={252–254} }
 @article{the piers plowman electronic archive on the web: an introduction_2014, year={2014} }
 @article{translating the canterbury tales into contemporary media_2014, year={2014} }
 @article{stinson_2013, title={An Introduction to the "Glossa ordinaria" as Medieval Hypertext.}, volume={88}, ISSN={["2040-8072"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0038713413003485}, abstractNote={Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsDavid A. Salomon, An Introduction to the “Glossa ordinaria” as Medieval Hypertext. (Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages.) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2012. Pp. 128; 5 black-and-white figures. $40. ISBN 9780708324943.Timothy L. StinsonTimothy L. Stinson North Carolina State University Search for more articles by this author North Carolina State University PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 88, Number 4October 2013 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713413003485 Views: 16Total views on this site Copyright © The Medieval Academy of America 2013 PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.}, number={4}, journal={SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1160–1161} }
 @article{stinson_2012, title={Illumination and Interpretation: The Depiction and Reception of Faus Semblant in Roman de la Rose Manuscripts}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0038-7134"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0038713412001054}, abstractNote={The past seven centuries of scholarly attention to and debate over the Roman de la Rose bear strong witness to the fact that the allegorical figure Faus Semblant presents us with an interpretive crux—one of many such in the poem—that we are not likely to resolve in the coming centuries. Perhaps it should come as no surprise that a character who so embodies paradox—a profane friar who is openly honest about his intent to deceive—should be so difficult to pin down; it is his singular talent, after all, to dissemble and confuse. The last century has seen a significant increase in criticism centered upon Faus Semblant that seeks to understand what he signifies within the larger allegory of the poem and how he relates to Jean de Meun's purported satire and antifraternalism. But this struggle to understand and explain the character began centuries earlier and, like him, has taken many forms. As early as the thirteenth century, the passage of Jean's poem in which Faus Semblant explains his craft and guile had begun to attract a diverse group of revisers: scribes, who added or deleted passages in order to shape a reading of the poem or avoid offending readers; remanieurs, such as Gui de Mori, who substantially rewrote the passage in efforts to reshape the poem into a more cohesive (or perhaps morally suitable) form; readers, whose marginal inscriptions and notae often accompany the passage; and illustrators (and thus bookmakers and buyers), as images of Faus Semblant are frequently included in illuminated copies of Rose manuscripts. Even Jean himself seemed to feel the need to gloss and contain Faus Semblant, offering an apology and clarification in lines 15213–30.}, number={2}, journal={SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={469–498} }
 @article{illumination and interpretation: the depiction and reception of faus semblant in roman de la rose manuscripts_2012, year={2012} }
 @article{stinson_2010, title={From Papyrus to Hypertext: Toward the Universal Digital Library,by Vandendorpe, C}, volume={13}, ISSN={1071-4421 1547-7487}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2010.505163}, DOI={10.1080/10714421.2010.505163}, number={3}, journal={The Communication Review}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={239–242} }
 @article{makeres of the mind: authorial intention, editorial practice, and the siege of jerusalem_2010, year={2010} }
 @article{stinson_2010, title={THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF GOLAGROS AND GAWANE}, volume={109}, ISSN={["0363-6941"]}, DOI={10.1353/egp.2010.0019}, abstractNote={Reviewed by: The Knightly Tale of Golagros and Gawane Timothy L. Stinson The Knightly Tale of Golagros and Gawane. Edited by Ralph Hanna. Scottish Text Society, Fifth Series, 7. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer for The Scottish Text Society, 2008. Pp. xlvi + 146. $70. This edition began some years ago as the work of the late Prof. W. R. J. Barron, who planned to publish the poem with the Scottish Text Society but was unable to finish the project before his untimely death in 2005. At the request of the Society, Ralph Hanna agreed to continue Barron’s work and see it through to publication, thereby inheriting “completed portions of an introduction, a carefully punctuated transcription of the text incorporating many provisional emendations, the headings for his glossary, and a transcription of the French source of the poem” (p. vii). Although the edition includes many of Barron’s emendations, Hanna has made quite a few others, provided a new introduction, and written all of the textual commentary. The edition as it stands is thus very much his scholarly product. Golagros and Gawane survives in a single source: a 1508 printing in one of the eleven booklets known as the Chepman and Myllar prints that are today bound together as Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Advocates Library 19.1.16. The poem has previously been edited several times, most notably more than a century ago by F. J. Amours (Scottish Alliterative Poems in Riming Stanzas, 1897), and most recently by Thomas Hahn (Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales, 1995). While each previous editor has improved the text by correcting many errors introduced by Chepman and Myllar’s compositors, including mistakes such as turned type and minim confusion, Hanna’s emendations go beyond corrections of this nature to those that appear “only dubiously to reflect print shop activity” (p. xliv), such as failures in alliteration or end-rhyme, nongrammatical constructions, and alliterative collocations that have been disrupted. Although such an approach invariably attracts critics who disagree on principle with supplying speculative readings not present in any extant witness, it is difficult on any other grounds to fault either Hanna’s approach or execution with this edition. Because the Chepman and Myllar prints are readily available in facsimile form both online and in print, because the text has appeared in a number of previous states with the compositors’ mistakes corrected, and because a number of nonsensical readings and failures in alliteration remain after such corrections have been made, Hanna’s more aggressive editorial approach is precisely what was needed. This approach would not be profitable, of course, if Hanna’s emendations lacked care or careful explanation, but both are evident in the much-improved state in which he leaves the poem and in the detailed explanations of his decision- making process found in the textual commentary (as well as accounts of any lingering ambiguity in supplied readings). When, for example, the knights Gaudifeir and Galiot meet in battle at line 561, the Chepman and Myllar print informs us that they appeared As glauis glowand on gleid (“Like swords glowing in a fiery coal”), a peculiar comparison of the men to their own weapons that is passed on without comment by Amours and other editors. Hanna emends to With glauis glowand os gleid, noting that “in the conventional set-phrase (compare Awntyrs 117–18, 393), weapons glow like a live coal, and men generally cannot be compared to bits of their equipment” (pp. 63–64), thereby offering a more sensible line that more likely reflects the work of the poet than that of a subsequent scribe or compositor. He also shows careful attention to both the work conditions of the print shop and the work of previous editors. Thus for line 707 [End Page 544] he agrees with Amours that the 1508 print’s All to-turnit thair entyre is the result of turned type, as to-turnit is not a known form. Amours does not emend to-turnit in his text, but, citing a letter to The Academy by Skeat dated 1894, states in a footnote that “the word is to-tirvit (to-turuit), from the M.E. to-torvien,” and thus supplies...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND GERMANIC PHILOLOGY}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={544–545} }
 @article{stinson_2009, title={Jerusalem in Medieval Narrative}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0009-6407"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0009640709990680}, abstractNote={provided greater synthesis for the material and an annotated manuscript bibliography that would have helped readers better follow the textual analysis, Cartwright’s study achieves its goal: it gives us a much better understanding of how female sanctity and lay piety functioned in medieval Wales. It also underscores the importance of manuscript studies, brings into the historical conversation Welsh texts that have been overlooked by medieval scholars, illuminates interesting parallels among Welsh religious texts and both their European and English counterparts (such as John Mirk’s Festial), and demonstrates the lay didactic purpose of vernacular hagiography. Thus Cartwright’s study sheds important light on “the intersection of women’s history and religion” both in medieval Wales and in the greater European context (2).}, number={4}, journal={CHURCH HISTORY}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={894–896} }
 @article{stinson_2009, title={Knowledge of the Flesh: Using DNA Analysis to Unlock Bibliographical Secrets of Medieval Parchment}, volume={103}, ISSN={["0006-128X"]}, DOI={10.1086/pbsa.103.4.24293890}, abstractNote={The past century has witnessed enormous advances in the variety and sophistication of tools available to analytical bibliographers for the study of the history and transmission of early printed books and texts. Developments in type studies and the identification and tracing of watermarks, printers' devices, ornaments, and woodcuts, coupled with refinement in the techniques and practices of studying and describing the placement and use of these features in print artifacts, have revolu tionized our understanding of the business practices of printers and publishers, deepened and broadened our knowledge of the commercial trade of paper and books printed on it, and facilitated the dating and localizing of the materials comprised in printed books and, in many cases, of the texts these books contain. But the usefulness of the majori ty of these advancements has largely been restricted to the study of books printed on paper or, in the case of watermarks, to manuscripts}, number={4}, journal={PAPERS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Stinson, Timothy L.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={435–453} }
 @article{knowledge of the flesh: using dna analysis to unlock bibliographical secrets of medieval parchment_2009, year={2009} }
 @article{'the siege of jerusalem': an electronic archive and hypertext edition_2007, year={2007} }