@article{conley_brown_westerman_elfenbein_sheats_2024, title={MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses to <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2227-9059"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/442}, DOI={10.3390/biomedicines12020442}, abstractNote={Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond quickly to sites of bacterial infection and play an essential role in host defense. Interestingly, some bacterial pathogens benefit from exuberant neutrophil inflammation. Salmonella is one such pathogen that can utilize the toxic mediators released by neutrophils to colonize the intestine and cause enterocolitis. Because neutrophils can aid gut colonization during Salmonella infection, neutrophils represent a potential host-directed therapeutic target. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in many neutrophil effector responses. We hypothesized that inhibition of MARCKS protein would alter bovine neutrophil responses to Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) ex vivo. We used a MARCKS inhibitor peptide to investigate the role of MARCKS in neutrophil responses to STm. This study demonstrates that MARCKS inhibition attenuated STm-induced neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis. Interestingly, MARCKS inhibition also enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst in response to STm. This is the first report describing the role of MARCKS protein in neutrophil antibacterial responses.}, number={2}, journal={BIOMEDICINES}, author={Conley, Haleigh E. and Brown, Chalise F. and Westerman, Trina L. and Elfenbein, Johanna R. and Sheats, M. Katie}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{cruz_haeberle_westerman_durham_suyemoto_knodler_elfenbein_2023, title={Nonredundant Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductases Influence Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Anaerobic Growth and Virulence}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/iai.00578-22}, abstractNote={Facultative anaerobic enteric pathogens can utilize a diverse array of alternate electron acceptors to support anaerobic metabolism and thrive in the hypoxic conditions within the mammalian gut. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is produced by methionine catabolism and can act as an alternate electron acceptor to support anaerobic respiration.}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Cruz, E. and Haeberle, A. L. and Westerman, T. L. and Durham, M. E. and Suyemoto, M. M. and Knodler, L. A. and Elfenbein, J. R.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{westerman_sheats_elfenbein_2021, title={Sulfate Import in Salmonella Typhimurium Impacts Bacterial Aggregation and the Respiratory Burst in Human Neutrophils}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/IAI.00701-20}, abstractNote={During enteric salmonellosis, neutrophil-generated reactive oxygen species alter the gut microenvironment, favoring survival ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. While type 3 secretion system 1 (T3SS-1) and flagellar motility are potentSalmonellaTyphimurium agonists of the neutrophil respiratory burstin vitro,neither of these pathways alone is responsible for stimulation of a maximal respiratory burst.}, number={6}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Westerman, T. L. and Sheats, M. K. and Elfenbein, J. R.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{westerman_mcclelland_elfenbein_2021, title={YeiE Regulates Motility and Gut Colonization in Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2150-7511"]}, DOI={10.1128/mBio.03680-20}, abstractNote={The ability to finely tune virulence factor gene expression is required for bacterial pathogens to successfully colonize a host. Flagellum-mediated motility is critical for many gut pathogens to establish productive infections.}, number={3}, journal={MBIO}, author={Westerman, T. L. and McClelland, M. and Elfenbein, J. R.}, year={2021} }
 @article{westerman_bogomolnaya_andrews-polymenis_sheats_elfenbein_2018, title={The Salmonella type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility influence the neutrophil respiratory burst}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0203698}, abstractNote={Neutrophils are innate immune response cells designed to kill invading microorganisms. One of the mechanisms neutrophils use to kill bacteria is generation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the respiratory burst. However, during enteric salmonellosis, neutrophil-derived ROS actually facilitates Salmonella expansion and survival in the gut. This seeming paradox led us to hypothesize that Salmonella may possess mechanisms to influence the neutrophil respiratory burst. In this work, we used an in vitro Salmonella-neutrophil co-culture model to examine the impact of enteric infection relevant virulence factors on the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. We report that neutrophils primed with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and suspended in serum containing complement produce a robust respiratory burst when stimulated with viable STm. The magnitude of the respiratory burst increases when STm are grown under conditions to induce the expression of the type-3 secretion system-1. STm mutants lacking the type-3 secretion system-1 induce less neutrophil ROS than the virulent WT. In addition, we demonstrate that flagellar motility is a significant agonist of the neutrophil respiratory burst. Together our data demonstrate that both the type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility, which are established virulence factors in enteric salmonellosis, also appear to directly influence the magnitude of the neutrophil respiratory burst in response to STm in vitro.}, number={9}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Westerman, Trina L. and Bogomolnaya, Lydia and Andrews-Polymenis, Helene L. and Sheats, M. Katherine and Elfenbein, Johanna R.}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }
 @article{westerman_foster_tornquist_poulsen_2016, title={Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with colic}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.248.8.935}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Westerman, Trina L. and Foster, Crystal M. and Tornquist, Susan J. and Poulsen, Keith P.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={935–940} }