@article{tabor_thompson_agcayazi_bozkurt_ghosh_2021, title={Melt-Extruded Sensory Fibers for Electronic Textiles}, volume={307}, ISSN={["1439-2054"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100737}, DOI={10.1002/mame.202100737}, abstractNote={AbstractTextile‐based flexible sensors are key to the development of personal wearable electronic devices and systems for a wide range of applications including physiological monitoring, communication, and entertainment. Textiles, for their many desirable characteristics and use, offer a natural interface between electronics and the human body. A wide range of fabrication techniques have been explored for textile‐based sensors; however, most are not compatible or readily adaptable to textile manufacturing processes. Here, a practical and scalable method of producing textile‐based sensory fibers using a common manufacturing technique, melt extrusion, is proposed. An overview of the fabrication method as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the fibers is presented. Subsequently, the fibers’ ability to sense changes in pressure is studied in detail using assembled fibers. Methods to improve the sensor performance by altering the geometry of the fiber assembly are also presented. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the fibers are woven into a pressure‐sensing fabric mat consisting of 64 sensing elements. The woven substrate can detect the location and level of pressure, thereby illustrating the fibers' potential use as sensors in textile structures.}, number={3}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tabor, Jordan and Thompson, Brendan and Agcayazi, Talha and Bozkurt, Alper and Ghosh, Tushar K.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{tabor_agcayazi_fleming_thompson_kapoor_liu_lee_huang_bozkurt_ghosh_2021, title={Textile-Based Pressure Sensors for Monitoring Prosthetic-Socket Interfaces}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1558-1748"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3053434}, DOI={10.1109/JSEN.2021.3053434}, abstractNote={Amputees are prone to experiencing discomfort when wearing their prosthetic devices. As the amputee population grows this becomes a more prevalent and pressing concern. There is a need for new prosthetic technologies to construct more comfortable and well-fitted liners and sockets. One of the well-recognized impediments to the development of new prosthetic technology is the lack of practical inner socket sensors to monitor the inner socket environment (ISE), or the region between the residual limb and the socket. Here we present a capacitive pressure sensor fabricated through a simple, and scalable sewing process using commercially available conductive yarns and textile materials. This fully-textile sensor provides a soft, flexible, and comfortable sensing system for monitoring the ISE. We provide details of our low-power sensor system capable of high-speed data collection from up to four sensor arrays. Additionally, we demonstrate two custom set-ups to test and validate the textile-based sensors in a simulated prosthetic environment. Finally, we utilize the textile-based sensors to study the ISE of a bilateral transtibial amputee. Results indicate that the textile-based sensors provide a promising potential for seamlessly monitoring the ISE.}, number={7}, journal={IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Tabor, Jordan and Agcayazi, Talha and Fleming, Aaron and Thompson, Brendan and Kapoor, Ashish and Liu, Ming and Lee, Michael Y. and Huang, He and Bozkurt, Alper and Ghosh, Tushar K.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={9413–9422} }
 @misc{agcayazi_chatterjee_bozkurt_ghosh_2018, title={Flexible Interconnects for Electronic Textiles}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2365-709X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85041134838&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/admt.201700277}, abstractNote={AbstractConformable electrical systems integrated in textiles offer revolutionary possibilities. Textiles constitute an obvious choice as a multifunctional electronic platform, since they are worn and used to cover many surfaces around us. The primary focus of the emerging area of electronic textiles (e‐textiles) is on developing transformative technologies to produce flexible, conformable, and large‐area textile‐based electronic systems. One of the main roadblocks to development of e‐textiles is making (fiber‐to‐fiber) interconnects within textiles, with rigid semiconductor‐based circuits and other devices, and efficiently routing these circuits. This problem is compounded by the need for the textile and other materials to withstand the stresses and strains of manufacturing and end‐use. The fundamental challenge of forming these interconnects involves making them flexible, robust, and environmentally stable while ensuring adequate electrical connectivity. From a mechanical standpoint, the transition from soft to hard materials should occur with minimum stress/strain concentration. These challenges, if unaddressed, will remain a barrier to large‐scale development of textile‐based electronic systems. This work reviews the technological issues related to the textile interconnect, providing an overview of flexible interconnects, including relevant materials, electrical and mechanical characterization techniques, ways of forming flexible conductive pathways, and potential research directions and challenges.}, number={10}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Agcayazi, Talha and Chatterjee, Kony and Bozkurt, Alper and Ghosh, Tushar K.}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{agcayazi_mcknight_kausche_ghosh_bozkurt_2016, title={A finger touch force detection method for textile based capacitive tactile sensor arrays}, DOI={10.1109/icsens.2016.7808528}, abstractNote={The use of touch-based technology to interact with electronic devices pre-dates modern day multi-touch technology and even the personal computer. It has recently been growing in popularity in wearable computing devices especially in the form of textile based tactile sensor. These sensors often target the detection of not only touch but also force applied. A significant problem arises here in differentiating inputs from an intended finger touch and just a bend of the sensor or other objects touching the sensor. In this work, we present our initial efforts to differentiate between a finger and an insulated object touch event on a custom textile based tactile sensor we developed before. Our experiments show that the two cases could be differentiated using the capacitance change of the neighboring cross-over points.}, booktitle={2016 ieee sensors}, author={Agcayazi, T. and McKnight, M. and Kausche, H. and ghosh and Bozkurt, A.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{mcknight_agcayazi_kausche_ghosh_bozkurt_2016, title={Sensing textile seam-line for wearable multimodal physiological monitoring}, DOI={10.1109/embc.2016.7590702}, abstractNote={This paper investigates a novel multimodal sensing method by forming seam-lines of conductive textile fibers into commercially available fabrics. The proposed ultra-low cost micro-electro-mechanical sensor would provide, wearable, flexible, textile based biopotential signal recording, wetness detection and tactile sensing simultaneously. Three types of fibers are evaluated for their array-based sensing capability, including a 3D printed conductive fiber, a multiwall carbon nanotube based fiber, and a commercially available stainless steel conductive thread. The sensors were shown to have a correlation between capacitance and pressure; impedance and wetness; and recorded potential and ECG waveforms.}, booktitle={2016 38th annual international conference of the ieee engineering in medicine and biology society (embc)}, author={McKnight, M. and Agcayazi, T. and Kausche, H. and ghosh and Bozkurt, A.}, year={2016}, pages={311–314} }
 @inproceedings{kapoor_mcknight_chatterjee_agcayazi_kausche_ghosh_bozkurt_2016, place={Orlando, FL, USA}, title={Soft, flexible 3D printed fibers for capacitive tactile sensing}, url={http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7808918/}, DOI={10.1109/icsens.2016.7808918}, abstractNote={This study presents our latest efforts towards developing a force sensor array by weaving 3D printed functionalized polymer fibers. Silicone was used as the base polymer and carbon fillers were used to impart electrical conductivity. Two “H”-shaped fiber cross-sections oriented orthogonally acted as a parallel plate capacitor and were used for detecting normal forces. In this article, we present the fabrication method of the unique “H”-shaped fiber cross-section along with the investigation of the relation between applied force and measured capacitance. We also report the sensor response to variation in temperature. The sensing crossover was found to have a stable mechanical and electrical response in the force range of 0–6 N and the performance of this soft sensor was not significantly affected by temperature.}, booktitle={2016 ieee sensors}, author={Kapoor, A. and McKnight, M. and Chatterjee, K. and Agcayazi, T. and Kausche, H. and ghosh and Bozkurt, A.}, year={2016}, pages={1–3} }
 @inproceedings{brugarolas_agcayazi_yuschak_roberts_sherman_bozkurt_2016, title={Towards a wearable system for continuous monitoring of sniffing and panting in dogs}, DOI={10.1109/bsn.2016.7516276}, abstractNote={Although numerous advances have been made in instrumental odor detection systems, these still cannot match the efficient sampling, odor discrimination, agile mobility and the olfactory acuity of odor detection dogs. A limiting step in using dogs to detect odors is the subjectivity of the translation of odor information processed by the dog to its handler. We present our preliminary efforts towards a wireless wearable system for continuous auscultation of respiratory behavior by recording internal sounds at the neck and chest by means of a commercially available electronic stethoscope to provide objective decision support for handlers. We have identified discrete features of sniffing and panting in the time domain and utilize event duration, event rate, event mean energy, and the number of consecutive events in a row to build a decision tree classifier. Since feature extraction requires segmentation of individual sniffing and panting events, we developed an adaptive method using short-time energy contour and an adaptive threshold. The performance of the system was evaluated on recordings from a Greyhound and a Labrador Retriever and achieved high classification accuracies.}, booktitle={International conference on wearable and implantable body sensor}, author={Brugarolas, R. and Agcayazi, T. and Yuschak, S. and Roberts, D. L. and Sherman, B. L. and Bozkurt, A.}, year={2016}, pages={292–295} }