@article{magarey_chappell_2024, title={A model that integrates stocks and flows of multi-capitals for understanding and assessing the sustainability of social-ecological systems}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1862-4057"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01591-6}, DOI={10.1007/s11625-024-01591-6}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE}, author={Magarey, Roger D. and Chappell, Thomas M.}, year={2024}, month={Dec} }
 @article{magarey_klammer_chappell_trexler_pallipparambil_hain_2019, title={Eco-efficiency as a strategy for optimizing the sustainability of pest management}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1526-4998"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5560}, DOI={10.1002/ps.5560}, abstractNote={AbstractAgricultural industrialization and the subsequent reliance on pesticides has resulted in numerous unintended consequences, such as impacts upon the environment and by extension human health. Eco‐efficiency is a strategy for sustainably increasing production, while simultaneously decreasing these externalities on ecological systems. Eco‐efficiency is defined as the ratio of production to environmental impacts. It has been widely adopted to improve chemical production, but we investigate the challenges of applying eco‐efficiency to pesticide use. Eco‐efficiency strategies include technological innovation, investment in research and development, improvement of business processes, and accounting for market forces. These components are often part of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that include alternatives to pesticides, but its implementation is often thwarted by commercial realities and technical challenges. We propose the creation and adoption of an eco‐efficiency index for pesticide use so that the broad benefits of eco‐efficient strategies such as IPM can be more readily quantified. We propose an index based upon the ratio of crop yield to a risk quotient (RQ) calculated from pesticide toxicity. Eco‐efficiency is an operational basis for optimizing pest management for sustainability. It naturally favors adoption of IPM and should be considered by regulators, researchers, and practitioners involved in pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={12}, journal={PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Magarey, Roger D. and Klammer, Sarah S. H. and Chappell, Thomas M. and Trexler, Christina M. and Pallipparambil, Godshen R. and Hain, Ernie F.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={3129–3134} }
 @article{magarey_chappell_trexler_pallipparambil_hain_2019, title={Social Ecological System Tools for Improving Crop Pest Management}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2155-7470"]}, DOI={10.1093/jipm/pmz004}, abstractNote={AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) is a valuable tool for reducing pesticide use and for pesticide resistance management. Despite the success of IPM over the last 50 yr, significant challenges remain to improving IPM delivery and adoption. We believe that insights can be obtained from the field of Social Ecological Systems (SES). We first describe the complexity of crop pest management and how various social actors influence grower decision making, including adoption of IPM. Second, we discuss how crop pest management fits the definition of an SES, including such factors as scale, dynamic complexities, critical resources, and important social–ecological interactions. Third, we describe heuristics and simulation models as tools to understand complex SES and develop new strategies. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of how social processes and SES techniques could improve crop pest management in the future, including the delivery of IPM, while reducing negative social and environmental impacts.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Magarey, Roger D. and Chappell, Thomas M. and Trexler, Christina M. and Pallipparambil, Godshen R. and Hain, Ernie F.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @article{leckie_d'ambrosio_chappell_halitschke_de jong_kessler_kennedy_mutschler_2016, title={Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores}, volume={11}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153345}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0153345}, abstractNote={Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East—Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. We also fractionated the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession to examine the effects of its components. Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. These fractions had different efficacies, with neither having activity approaching that of the original exudate. When these two fractions were recombined, the effect on both whiteflies and thrips exceeded the sum of the two fractions’ effects, and was similar to that of the original exudate. These results suggest that increasing diversity of components within a mixture may increase suppression through synergistic interactions. This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray.}, number={4}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Leckie, Brian M. and D'Ambrosio, Damon A. and Chappell, Thomas M. and Halitschke, Rayko and De Jong, Darlene M. and Kessler, André and Kennedy, George G. and Mutschler, Martha A.}, editor={Wang, Xiao-WeiEditor}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={e0153345} }
 @article{huseth_chappell_langdon_morsello_martin_greene_herbert_jacobson_reay‐jones_reed_et al._2016, title={Frankliniella fusca
            resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging challenge for cotton pest management in the eastern United States}, volume={72}, ISSN={1526-498X 1526-4998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4232}, DOI={10.1002/ps.4232}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the past two decades, neonicotinoid seed treatments have become the primary method to manage tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, on seedling cotton. Because this insect is highly polyphagous and the window of insecticide exposure is short, neonicotinoid resistance was expected to pose a minimal risk. However, reports of higher than expected F. fusca seedling damage in seed‐treated cotton fields throughout the Mid‐South and Southeast US production regions suggested neonicotinoid resistance had developed. To document this change, F. fusca populations from 86 different locations in the eastern United States were assayed in 2014 and 2015 for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance to determine the extent of the issue in the region.RESULTSApproximately 57 and 65% of the F. fusca populations surveyed had reduced imidacloprid and thiamethoxam sensitivity respectively. Survivorship in diagnostic bioassays was significantly different at both the state and regional scales. Multiple‐dose bioassays conducted on 37 of the populations documented up to 55‐ and 39‐fold resistance ratios for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam respectively.CONCLUSIONEstimates of neonicotinoid resistance indicate an emerging issue for management of F. fusca in the eastern United States. Significant variation in survivorship within states and regions indicated that finer‐scale surveys were needed to determine factors (genetic, insecticide use) driving resistance evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={10}, journal={Pest Management Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Huseth, Anders S and Chappell, Thomas M and Langdon, Kevin and Morsello, Shannon C and Martin, Scott and Greene, Jeremy K and Herbert, Ames and Jacobson, Alana L and Reay‐Jones, Francis PF and Reed, Timothy and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={1934–1945} }
 @article{kennedy_schultz_chappell_kohrn_knowels_herr_2015, title={Volatility of mutator phenotypes at single cell resolution}, volume={11}, number={4}, journal={PLoS Genetics}, author={Kennedy, S. R. and Schultz, E. M. and Chappell, T. M. and Kohrn, B. and Knowels, G. M. and Herr, A. J.}, year={2015} }
 @article{chappell_kennedy_walgenbach_2015, title={Predicting codling moth (Cydia pomonella) phenology in North Carolina on the basis of temperature and improved generation turnover estimates}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1526-4998"]}, DOI={10.1002/ps.3947}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major worldwide pest of apples, pears and walnuts. A temperature-driven phenological model of codling moth, developed in Michigan, has been utilized in North Carolina and other states for decades. Systematic inaccuracy of this model in predicting moth emergence in North Carolina suggests that the relationship between emergence and temperature differs between the American midwest and southeast, or that additional factors may influence the system.


RESULTS
A method was developed to optimize the estimation of generation turnover intervals. Emergence was modeled as a function of heat unit accumulation. Significant differences between emergence predictions based on the resultant model and the existing model developed in Michigan were found.


CONCLUSION
A new model of codling moth emergence, incorporating improved estimates for generation turnover for North Carolina, offers predictive improvement with practical importance to management. Differences between the emergence of susceptible and resistant moth populations were also investigated, leading to the suggestion that resistance to insecticides should be considered in future studies of emergence phenology.}, number={10}, journal={PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Chappell, Thomas M. and Kennedy, George G. and Walgenbach, James F.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={1425–1432} }
 @article{chappell_beaudoin_kennedy_2013, title={Interacting Virus Abundance and Transmission Intensity Underlie Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Incidence: An Example Weather-Based Model for Cultivated Tobacco}, volume={8}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073321}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0073321}, abstractNote={Through a modeling approach, we investigated weather factors that affect the summer incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a virus vectored exclusively by thrips, in cultivated tobacco. Aspects of thrips and plant biology that affect disease spread were treated as functions of weather, leading to a model of disease incidence informed by thrips and plant biology, and dependent on weather input variables. We found that disease incidence during the summer was influenced by weather affecting thrips activity during the preceding year, especially during a time when thrips transmit TSWV to and from the plant hosts that constitute the virus’ natural reservoir. We identified an interaction between spring precipitation and earlier weather affecting thrips, relating this to virus abundance and transmission intensity as interacting factors affecting disease incidence. Throughout, weather is the basic driver of epidemiology in the system, and our findings allowed us to detect associations between atypically high- or low-incidence years and the local climatic deviations from normal weather patterns, brought about by El Niño Southern Oscillation transitions.}, number={8}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Chappell, Thomas M. and Beaudoin, Amanda L. P. and Kennedy, George G.}, editor={Bond-Lamberty, BenEditor}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={e73321} }