@article{clark_smolski_allen_hedlund_sanchez_2022, title={Capitalism and Sustainability: An Exploratory Content Analysis of Frameworks in Environmental Political Economy}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2329-4973"]}, DOI={10.1177/23294965211043548}, abstractNote={ A critical divide within environmental sociology concerns the relationship between capitalism and the environment. Risk society and ecological modernization scholars advance a concept of reflexive political economy, arguing that capitalism will transition from a dirty, industrial stage to a green, eco-friendly stage. In contrast, critical political economy scholars suggest that the core imperatives of capitalist accumulation are fundamentally unsustainable. We conduct a content analysis of 136 journal articles to assess how these frameworks have been implemented in empirical studies. Our analysis provides important commentary about the mechanisms, agents, magnitude, scale, temporality, and outcomes these frameworks analyze and employ, and the development of a hybrid perspective that borrows from both these perspectives. In addition, we reflect on how and why reflexive political economy has not answered key challenges leveled in the early 21st century, mainly the disconnect between greening values and the ongoing coupling of economic growth and environmental destruction. We also reflect on the significance of critical political economy, as the only framework we study that provides analysis of the roots of ecological crisis. Finally, we comment on the emergent hybrid perspective as a framework that attempts to reconcile new socioecological configurations in an era of increasing environmental instability. }, number={2}, journal={SOCIAL CURRENTS}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Smolski, Andrew R. and Allen, Jason S. and Hedlund, John and Sanchez, Heather}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={159–179} }
 @article{clark_longo_2021, title={Global labor value chains, commodification, and the socioecological structure of severe exploitation. A case study of the Thai seafood sector}, ISSN={["1743-9361"]}, DOI={10.1080/03066150.2021.1890041}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We utilize perspectives in environmental sociology and political economy to examine relationships between human exploitation and ecological degradation. Specifically, we apply global labor value chains and the tragedy of the commodity to analyze severe labor exploitation in Thai capture fisheries. Our analysis suggests that severe labor exploitation has played a significant role in lowering the market value of the Thai seafood sector as an adaptation to a competitive marketplace driven by increasing commodification and a stressed marine ecosystem. Regarding ecologies, we detail how the degradation of marine ecosystems in the region stimulated increased demand for severe labor exploitation.}, journal={JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{clark_2020, title={Mining the Sea A Within-Case Comparative Analysis of the Atlantic Menhaden Fishery in the Age of Capital}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-538X"]}, DOI={10.1525/sod.2020.6.2.222}, abstractNote={Using primary and secondary historical data, descriptive time-series data, and site observations, this study unpacks the developmental history of one of the United States' oldest, largest, and still working fisheries. This study uses narrative analysis to explore how processes of commodification and the institutional workings of capitalist food regimes drove specific developmental outcomes. Internal comparison across periods enables an analysis of why the fishery declined in recent decades. The case also reveals important dynamics of the capitalist world food system and demonstrates how intersectional considerations, particularly the intersection of race and class dynamics, can bolster the “tragedy of the commodity” theoretical framework. The study thus tests and expands on that framework by including the considerations of cross-cutting inequalities and the world food system. Overall, this study demonstrates how the demands of generalized commodity production, in conjunction with the institutional parameters of a world capitalist food system, link processes of development across terrestrial and aquatic food systems. Furthermore, the internal comparison elucidates the socio-structural factors that drove the severe decline of the 170-year-old Atlantic menhaden fishery.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT}, author={Clark, Timothy P.}, year={2020}, pages={222–249} }
 @article{ghosal_maity_clark_longo_2020, title={Variable selection in functional linear concurrent regression}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1467-9876"]}, DOI={10.1111/rssc.12408}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS}, author={Ghosal, Rahul and Maity, Arnab and Clark, Timothy and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={565–587} }
 @article{clark_longo_2019, title={Examining the effect of economic development, region, and time period on the fisheries footprints of nations (1961-2010)}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1745-2554"]}, DOI={10.1177/0020715219869976}, abstractNote={Anthropogenic activities are impacting marine systems, and the future sustainability of many global fisheries are in serious question. Our analysis draws on prior research in environmental sociology and food systems to better understand the association between economic development and the ecological footprint of fisheries. We provide a series of models to make comparisons across all nations, distinguishing between less-affluent nations and affluent nations over a 50-year period. We focus our analysis on the fisheries footprint of less-affluent nations to further explore how the effect of economic development varies across levels of national economic prosperity, region, and time period. The results of the study indicate that, over time, economic development is increasingly driving the fisheries footprint in less-affluent nations. Because this effect does not occur in affluent nations, we posit that less-affluent nations suffer the ecologically deleterious consequences of economic development more acutely. Furthermore, by utilizing post-estimation techniques for easier comparisons, our findings suggest that the magnitude of economic development’s effect on fisheries is strongest in more recent decades. Our findings also reveal that the effect of economic development is modified by region, as it has a stronger effect on fisheries footprint for less-affluent nations in Central and South America, but weaker in the Middle East and Africa. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for marine sustainability and the challenges posed by an environmentally intensive world capitalist food system.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={225–248} }
 @article{clark_2018, title={A Foodie's Guide to Capitalism: Understanding the Political Economy of What We Eat}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1549-0831"]}, DOI={10.1111/ruso.12247}, abstractNote={Rural SociologyVolume 83, Issue 3 p. 702-704 Book Review A Foodie’s Guide to Capitalism: Understanding the Political Economy of What We Eat, by Holt-Giménez, Eric, New York: Monthly Review Press, 2017. 280 pp. $25.00 (paper). ISBN: 978-1-58367-659-2. Timothy P. Clark, Timothy P. Clark North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Timothy P. Clark, Timothy P. Clark North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 September 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12247Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume83, Issue3September 2018Pages 702-704 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={RURAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Clark, Timothy P.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={702–704} }
 @article{clark_longo_clark_jorgenson_2018, title={Socio-structural drivers, fisheries footprints, and seafood consumption: A comparative international study, 1961-2012}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0743-0167"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.12.008}, abstractNote={This study examines the socio-structural drivers that influence the fisheries footprint and seafood consumption of nations. We assess how levels of economic development, population size, and transformations in food-system dynamics, such as those associated with terrestrial protein production and consumption, account for variation in ecological impacts and seafood consumption over time. The fisheries footprint indicator allows for a broader, ecologically grounded analysis. The seafood consumption indicator is a more restrictive measure, focused solely on direct human consumption. Using fixed-effects regression for 162 nations over the 1961 to 2012 period, we find that population and affluence are central drivers of nations’ fisheries footprint and seafood consumption. The results also indicate that diets within nations tend to become more protein intensive across different forms of animal protein. These findings suggest that modernization and changing dynamics of food systems have contributed to increased impacts on seafood consumption and, more generally, aquatic ecosystems.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and Jorgenson, Andrew K.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={140–146} }
 @article{clark_2015, title={Sustainability for Whom? An Examination of the Equity Pillar of Sustainability at the Local Policymaking Level}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1937-5174"]}, DOI={10.1089/env.2015.0002}, abstractNote={Abstract This article examines the question of socioeconomic equity in sustainable cities. Of the three pillars of sustainability, social equity is typically the least researched by scholars and the least addressed by local governments. This gap in the research and policymaking is problematic, particularly, when considering how the environmental challenges of the twenty-first century will disproportionately affect those in lower socioeconomic strata. In order to address these gaps in knowledge and gain a fuller understanding of how sustainable cities address socioeconomic equity, a survey was sent to 135 cities across the United States. The ultimate objectives and goals of this study were to assess how city officials in sustainable cities address these issues of socioeconomic equity, to determine what factors (if any) influence the performance of city officials on the study, and to gain greater understanding on which socioeconomic equity categories and specific policies city officials are likely to favor....}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE}, author={Clark, Timothy P.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={57–63} }