@article{hamm_nowicki_boggess_ranney_trigiano_2023, title={A set of SSR markers to characterize genetic diversity in all Viburnum species}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-31878-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Hamm, Trinity P. and Nowicki, Marcin and Boggess, Sarah L. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Trigiano, Robert N.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{crowl_fritsch_tiley_lynch_ranney_ashrafi_manos_2022, title={A first complete phylogenomic hypothesis for diploid blueberries (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus)}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1537-2197"]}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.16065}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={Crowl, Andrew A. and Fritsch, Peter W. and Tiley, George P. and Lynch, Nathan P. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Ashrafi, Hamid and Manos, Paul S.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{maren_duan_da_yencho_ranney_liu_2022, title={Genotype-independent plant transformation}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, DOI={10.1093/hr/uhac047}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Maren, Nathan A. and Duan, Hui and Da, Kedong and Yencho, G. Craig and Ranney, Thomas G. and Liu, Wusheng}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{redpath_aryal_lynch_spencer_hulse-kemp_ballington_green_bassil_hummer_ranney_et al._2022, title={Nuclear DNA contents and ploidy levels of North American Vaccinium species and interspecific hybrids}, volume={297}, ISSN={["1879-1018"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110955}, abstractNote={Breeding strategies for improving blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum and V. virgatum) cultivars often include introgressing regionally adapted species into the cultivated gene pools through interspecific hybridization. However, these approaches are complicated by variation in ploidy, triploid blocks and infertility, production of unreduced gametes, and aneuploidy. The objective of this study was to use flow cytometry, k-mer distribution analysis, and known pedigree information to evaluate genome sizes (2C nuclear and 1Cx monoploid), and ploidy of diverse accessions from Vaccinium sections and species. A total of 369 accessions, including a diversity panel (DP) of 251 inter- and intra-specific hybrid Vaccinium accessions, as well as 118 non-hybrid Vaccinium species across multiple sections, were sampled from the North Carolina State University blueberry breeding program and the National Clonal Germplasm Repository. The nuclear DNA content was analyzed via flow cytometry. The mean (range) DNA content of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid reference species were 1.20 pg (0.99 pg in V. crassifolium ‘Well's Delight’ to 1.41 pg in V. caesariense NC79–24), 2.37 pg (2.11 pg in V. corymbosum ‘Concord’ to 3.01 pg in V. corymbosum DE599), and 3.64 pg (3.24 in V. constablaei NC83–21–2 to 3.80 in V. virgatum ‘Premier’ and NC4790), respectively. Of the 369 unique accessions analyzed for ploidy, 259 were tetraploid, 46 were diploid, one was triploid, 51 were pentaploid or aneuploid with 2C values between tetraploid and hexaploid values, and 12 were hexaploid. Tetraploid hybrid pedigrees, which involved hexaploid crosses within three prior generations, had a 2C value range between 2.22 pg and 2.59 pg. Interspecific pentaploid and aneuploid progeny 2C DNA content ranged from 2.61 pg to 3.15 pg. We speculate some of these progeny to be near tetraploids with extra chromosomes from hexaploid progenitors. Further karyotyping of these individuals is necessary to ascertain aneuploidy anomalies. This research provides an expanded knowledge base of genome sizes, ploidy, and reproductive pathways for diverse species and hybrids to enhance future breeding, improvement, and the genomic study of blueberry.}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Redpath, Lauren E. and Aryal, Rishi and Lynch, Nathan and Spencer, Jessica A. and Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M. and Ballington, James R. and Green, Jaimie and Bassil, Nahla and Hummer, Kim and Ranney, Thomas and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{harmon_touchell_ranney_da_liu_2022, title={Tissue Culture and Regeneration of Three Rose Cultivars}, volume={57}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI16716-22}, abstractNote={Methods of in vitro regeneration protocols were developed for three elite rose cultivars, Chewnicebell (Oso Easy Italian Ice®), Bucbi (Carefree Beauty™), and Cheweyesup (Ringo All-Star™). We evaluated the effects of different types and concentrations of auxins [dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)], carbohydrates [sucrose, glucose, and fructose], and cytokinins [thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-bezylaminopurine (BAP)] on callus induction and regeneration from leaf explants. The greatest amount of regenerative callus was obtained on media containing 10 µM 2,4-D and 30 g·L−1 sucrose for Italian Ice® (40%), 10 µM 2,4-D and 60 g·L−1 glucose for Carefree Beauty™ (24%), and 5 µM 2,4,5-T and 30 g·L−1 sucrose for Ringo All-Star™ (32%). The greatest regeneration occurred when callus was transferred to media consisting of 1/2 MS media supplemented with 2.9 µM GA3 and 5 µM TDZ for Italian Ice® and Ringo All-Star™, and with 2.9 µM GA3 and 20 µM TDZ for Carefree Beauty™. Plantlets regenerated from callus were cultured on maintenance media and successfully transferred ex vitro. This study highlights the genotype-specific responses among rose cultivars and provides the first reports of in vitro regeneration for Italian Ice® and Ringo All-Star™.}, number={11}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Harmon, Davis D. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Da, Kedong and Liu, Wusheng}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={1430–1435} }
 @article{zhao_maren_kosentka_liao_lu_duduit_huang_ashrafi_zhao_huerta_et al._2021, title={An optimized protocol for stepwise optimization of real-time RT-PCR analysis}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00616-w}, DOI={10.1038/s41438-021-00616-w}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Zhao, Fangzhou and Maren, Nathan A. and Kosentka, Pawel Z. and Liao, Ying-Yu and Lu, Hongyan and Duduit, James R. and Huang, Debao and Ashrafi, Hamid and Zhao, Tuanjie and Huerta, Alejandra I and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{deans_palmer_touchell_ranney_2021, title={In Vitro Induction and Characterization of Polyploid Hydrangea macrophylla and H. serrata}, volume={56}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI15783-21}, abstractNote={Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and H. serrata (Thunb.) Ser. are popular and commercially important landscape and floriculture crops. Although both species are typically diploid, induced polyploids often exhibit horticulturally valuable traits. Procedures for inducing polyploidy vary by species and often have low or inconsistent efficacy. In this study, oryzalin and nitrotyrosine were investigated as in vitro mitotic inhibitors for inducing polyploidy in H. macrophylla ‘Robert’ and H. serrata ‘MAK20’. First, shoot apices of ‘MAK20’ were treated with 15 μm oryzalin for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 days, and the ploidy of shoots was determined after 8 weeks. A regression analysis showed that the proportion of polyploids (tetraploid plus mixoploid shoots) increased with the exposure duration. During a follow-up experiment, ‘MAK20’ and ‘Robert’ were treated with oryzalin (0 or 15 μm) and nitrotyrosine (0, 25, 50, and 100 µm for ‘MAK20’ and 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µm for ‘Robert’) in a factorial treatment arrangement. Oryzalin, nitrotyrosine, and their interaction influenced polyploid frequency for ‘Robert’, whereby the combination of oryzalin (15 μm) and nitrotyrosine (50 μm) resulted in the highest polyploid induction of 50%. Oryzalin influenced polyploid frequency for ‘MAK20’ ( = 30.4%), but not nitrotyrosine or the interaction between nitrotyrosine and oryzalin. Morphology and pollen germination of these autotetraploid ‘Robert’, ‘MAK20’, and previously developed autotetraploid H. macrophylla ‘David Ramsey’ plants were compared with their diploid counterparts 1 year after plants were moved ex vitro. Compared with diploids, tetraploid hydrangeas had larger leaves, thicker stems, lower leaf area/fresh weight ratios, and longer internodes. Although all tetraploids exhibited fewer inflorescences per plant, both H. macrophylla cultivars had larger inflorescence diameters and ‘David Ramsey’ had a greater number of showy florets (sterile florets with enlarged, decorative sepals) per inflorescence. Sepal colors were compared using International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* color space. Tetraploid ‘MAK20’ had lower L* values (darker sepals), and tetraploid ‘Robert’ and ‘MAK20’ both had higher a* values (redder sepals). Pollen germination rates were greatly reduced in all tetraploid lines, but they retained some viability. These results provide an effective protocol for in vitro polyploid induction of Hydrangea sp. and documented certain desirable traits associated with tetraploid phenotypes.}, number={6}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Deans, Lauren E. and Palmer, Irene E. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={709–715} }
 @article{maren_zhao_aryal_touchell_liu_ranney_ashrafi_2021, title={Reproductive developmental transcriptome analysis of Tripidium ravennae (Poaceae)}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-021-07641-y}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Maren, Nathan and Zhao, Fangzhou and Aryal, Rishi and Touchell, Darren and Liu, Wusheng and Ranney, Thomas and Ashrafi, Hamid}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{maren_touchell_ranney_ashrafi_whitfield_chinn_2020, title={Biomass yields, cytogenetics, fertility, and compositional analyses of novel bioenergy grass hybrids (Tripidium spp.)}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1757-1707"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12676}, DOI={10.1111/gcbb.12676}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY}, author={Maren, Nathan A. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Ashrafi, Hamid and Whitfield, Matthew B. and Chinn, Mari}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={361–373} }
 @article{hembree_ranney_lynch_jackson_2020, title={Identification, Genome Sizes, and Ploidy of Deutzia}, volume={145}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/JASHS04779-19}, abstractNote={The genus Deutzia, in the Hydrangeaceae family, includes ≈60 species that range in ploidy from diploid (2x) to tetradecaploid (14x). There have been extensive breeding efforts for Deutzia, but this has been limited to a few parental species. Although there have been numerous studies of the cytogenetics of some species of Deutzia, the ploidy level of many species remains unknown, and there are few cytogenetic data available for Deutzia hybrids and cultivars. The purpose of this study was to validate the identification and determine the genome sizes and ploidy of a diverse collection of Deutzia species and hybrids using cytology and flow cytometry. Accessions were identified using the most current taxonomic key and voucher specimens were deposited for each at the North Carolina State University herbarium. Corrected and updated species names are provided for all cultivars and accessions studied. Traditional cytology was performed for roots of representative taxa to calibrate the genome size with the ploidy level. The genome size and estimated ploidy were determined for 43 accessions using flow cytometry. Ploidy levels were reported for the first time for three species of Deutzia including D. calycosa (2n = 4x = 52), D. paniculata (2n = 4x = 52), and D. glauca (2n = 12x = 156). The base and monoploid genome size (1Cx) were somewhat variable and ranged from 1.20 to 2.05 pg. No anisoploid hybrids were documented, suggesting the presence of an interploid block. The information produced from this study are beneficial to future curation, research, development, and improvement of this genus with corrected nomenclature and clone-specific data regarding cytogenetics.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Hembree, William G. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Lynch, Nathan P. and Jackson, Brian E.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={88–94} }
 @misc{touchell_palmer_ranney_2020, title={In vitroPloidy Manipulation for Crop Improvement}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2020.00722}, abstractNote={In vitro regeneration systems provide a powerful tool for manipulating ploidy to facilitate breeding and development of new crops. Polyploid induction can expand breeding opportunities, assist with the development of seedless triploid cultivars, enhance ornamental characteristics and environmental tolerances, increase biomass and restore fertility in wide hybrids. In vitro ploidy manipulation is commonly induced using antimitotic agents such as colchicine, oryzalin and trifluralin, while many other antimitotic agents have been relatively unexplored. Successful induction requires a synergistic pairing of efficient penetration of the antimitotic agent and may be dependent the length of exposure and concentrations of antimitotic agents, tissue types, and interactions with basal media and plant growth regulators. In vitro conditions vary among taxa and individual genera, species, and cultivars, often requiring unique treatments to maximize polyploid induction. In some taxa, the induction of polyploidy influences in vitro growth, development, and root formation. Here we provide an overview of mitotic inhibitors and their application for in vitro ploidy manipulation for plant breeding and crop improvement.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Touchell, Darren H. and Palmer, Irene E. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{dove_rogers_leppanen_simberloff_fordyce_brown_lebude_ranney_cregger_2020, title={Microbiome Variation Across Two Hemlock Species With Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1664-302X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fmicb.2020.01528}, abstractNote={The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae, HWA), an invasive insect, is devastating native hemlock populations in eastern North America, and management outcomes have so far had limited success. While many plant microbiomes influence and even support plant immune responses to insect herbivory, relatively little is known about the hemlock microbiome and its interactions with pathogens or herbivores such as HWA. Using 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the needle, branch, root, and rhizosphere microbiome of two hemlock species, Tsuga canadensis and T. sieboldii, that displayed low and high levels of HWA populations. We found that both archaeal/bacterial and fungal needle communities, as well as the archaeal/bacterial branch and root communities, varied in composition in both hemlock species relative to HWA population levels. While host species and plant-associated habitats explained a greater proportion of the variance in the microbiome than did HWA population level, high HWA populations were associated with enrichment of 100 likely fungal pathogen sequence variants across the four plant-associated habitats (e.g., needle, branch, root, rhizosphere) compared to trees with lower HWA populations. This work contributes to a growing body of literature linking plant pathogens and pests with the changes in the associated plant microbiome and host health. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the need to further investigate plant microbiome effects across multiple plant tissues to understand their influences on host health.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Dove, Nicholas C. and Rogers, Timothy J. and Leppanen, Christy and Simberloff, Daniel and Fordyce, James A. and Brown, Veronica A. and LeBude, Anthony V and Ranney, Thomas G. and Cregger, Melissa A.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{haynes_phillips_krings_lynch_ranney_2020, title={Revision of Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae), including resurrection of F. parvifolia and a new species, F. milleri}, ISSN={["1314-2003"]}, DOI={10.3897/phytokeys.177.49589}, number={144}, journal={PHYTOKEYS}, author={Haynes, Jake E. and Phillips, Whitney D. and Krings, Alexander and Lynch, Nathan P. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={57–80} }
 @article{haynes_phillips_krings_lynch_ranney_2020, title={Revision of Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae), including resurrection of F. parvifolia and a new species, F. milleri (vol 144, pg 57, 2020)}, ISSN={["1314-2003"]}, DOI={10.3897/phytokeys.146.53037}, abstractNote={Not applicable}, number={146}, journal={PHYTOKEYS}, author={Haynes, Jake E. and Phillips, Whitney D. and Krings, Alexander and Lynch, Nathan P. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={117–118} }
 @article{hembree_ranney_jackson_weathington_2019, title={Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera}, volume={54}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI13923-19}, abstractNote={Camellia L., the most speciose member of the diverse tea family Theaceae, has a long and complex horticultural history. Extensive cultivation and hybridization have produced thousands of varieties of Camellia, including commercially important crops such as cultivated tea, oilseed, and iconic flowering shrubs. Cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera is complicated; chromosome number and ploidy can vary widely between species, and interspecific and interploid hybridization occurs. However, specific information regarding cytogenetics of many species, cultivars, and modern hybrids is lacking. The objectives of this study were to compile a consolidated literature review of the cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera and to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy, and genome sizes of specific accessions of selected species, cultivars, and interspecific and interploid hybrids. A review of the existing literature regarding Theaceae cytogenetics is presented as a consolidated reference comprising 362 taxa. Genome sizes were determined with flow cytometry using propidium iodide as a fluorochrome and Pisum sativum ‘Ctirad' and Magnolia virginiana ‘Jim Wilson’ as internal standards. Chromosome numbers of selected taxa were determined using traditional cytology and were used to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy level. Our results confirmed a base chromosome number of x = 15 for Theeae including Camellia, x = 17 for Stewartiae, and x = 18 for Gordoniae. Surveyed camellias ranged from 2n = 2x = 30 to 2n = 8x = 120, including diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. Previously uncharacterized taxa such as Camellia azalea, C. amplexicaulis, C. chrysanthoides, C. cordifolia, C. cucphuongensis, C. flava, C. nanyongensis, and C. trichoclada were found to be diploid. Ploidy was also newly determined for Schima argentea, S. khasiana, S. remotiserrata, and S. sinensis (all diploids). Both diploid and triploid Stewartia ovata were found, and a ploidy series was discovered for Polyspora that ranged from diploid to octoploid. Ploidy determinations were used to confirm or challenge the validity of putative interploid hybrids. Monoploid genome sizes varied among subfamily and genera, with 1Cx values ranging from 0.80 pg for Franklinia to a mean of 3.13 pg for Camellia, demonstrating differential rates of genome expansion independent of ploidy. Within Camellia, monoploid genome sizes varied among subgenera, sections, and some species (range, 2.70–3.55 pg). This study provides a consolidated and expanded knowledgebase of ploidy, genome sizes, hybridity, and reproductive pathways for specific accessions of Camellia and related genera that will enhance opportunities and strategies for future breeding and improvement within Theaceae.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Hembree, William G. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Jackson, Brian E. and Weathington, Mark}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1124–1142} }
 @article{leppanen_fordyce_lebude_ranney_simberloff_2019, title={Variable colonization by the hemlock woolly adelgid suggests infestation is associated with hemlock host species}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1573-1464"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10530-019-02020-x}, number={9}, journal={BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}, author={Leppanen, Christy and Fordyce, James A. and LeBude, Anthony V. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Simberloff, Daniel}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={2891–2906} }
 @article{ranney_ryan_deans_lynch_2018, title={Cytogenetics and Genome Size Evolution in Illicium L.}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci12922-18}, abstractNote={Illicium is an ancient genus and member of the earliest diverging angiosperms known as the Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales (ANA) grade. These adaptable, broadleaf evergreen shrubs, including ≈40 species distributed throughout Asia and North America, are valued for diverse culinary, medicinal, and ornamental applications. The study of cytogenetics of Illicium can clarify various discrepancies and further elucidate chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome and genome size evolution in this basal angiosperm lineage and provide basic information to guide plant breeding and improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to use flow cytometry and traditional cytology to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy levels, and relative genome sizes of cultivated Illicium. Of the 29 taxa sampled, including ≈11 species and one hybrid, 2C DNA contents ranged from 24.5 pg for Illicium lanceolatum to 27.9 pg for Illicium aff. majus. The genome sizes of Illicium species are considerably higher than other ANA grade lineages indicating that Illicium went through considerable genome expansion compared with sister lineages. The New World sect. Cymbostemon had a slightly lower mean 2C genome size of 25.1 pg compared with the Old World sect. Illicium at 25.9 pg, providing further support for recognizing these taxonomic sections. All taxa appeared to be diploid and 2n = 2x = 28, except for Illicium floridanum and Illicium mexicanum which were found to be 2n = 2x = 26, most likely resulting from dysploid reduction after divergence into North America. The base chromosome number of x = 14 for most Illicium species suggests that Illicium are ancient paleotetraploids that underwent a whole genome duplication derived from an ancestral base of x = 7. Information on cytogenetics, coupled with phylogenetic analyses, identifies some limitations, but also considerable potential for the development of plant breeding and improvement programs with this genus.}, number={5}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Ranney, Thomas G. and Ryan, Connor F. and Deans, Lauren E. and Lynch, Nathan P.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={620–623} }
 @article{rogers_leppanen_brown_fordyce_lebude_ranney_simberloff_cregger_2018, title={Exploring variation in phyllosphere microbial communities across four hemlock species}, volume={9}, ISSN={2150-8925 2150-8925}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ECS2.2524}, DOI={10.1002/ecs2.2524}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={Ecosphere}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rogers, T.J. and Leppanen, C. and Brown, V. and Fordyce, J.A. and LeBude, A. and Ranney, T. and Simberloff, D. and Cregger, M.A.}, year={2018}, pages={e02524} }
 @article{ranney_thomasson_neill_lynch_weathington_2018, title={Ploidy, relative genome size, and inheritance of spotted foliage in Aucuba species (Garryaceae)}, volume={53}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci13221-18}, abstractNote={Aucuba have been cultivated for centuries and are valued as adaptable, broad-leaved, evergreen shrubs that also can have attractive, spotted variegations on the foliage. Improved understanding of the cytogenetics and heritability of specific traits, for specific clones and cultivars, can provide basic information to help facilitate the breeding and improvement of aucuba. The objectives of this study were to determine ploidy level and relative genome size of a diverse collection of species and cultivars of aucuba using flow cytometry and cytology and to make additional observations on heritability of spotted leaf variegation. Chromosome counts were 2n = 2x = 16 for Aucuba chinensis (A. omeiensis), 2n = 4x = 32 for A. japonica ‘Rozannie’, and 2n = 6x = 48 for A. sp. ‘Hosoba’. Relative 2C genome size for the 57 taxa varied from 13.8 pg for A. obcordata to 42.0 pg for A. ‘Hosoba’ and fell within three discrete groups consistent with cytotype. Genome size for diploid taxa (A. chinensis and A. obcordata) ranged from 13.8 to 21.0 pg, tetraploids (A. himalaica var. oblanceolata, A. japonica, and A. japonica var. borealis) ranged from 28.8 to 31.2 pg, and the first-ever reported hexaploids (A. ‘Hosoba’ and A. sp. – Vietnam) ranged from 40.5 to 42.0 pg. Unlike prior reports that indicated inheritance of spotted variegations were extranuclear genes that were maternally inherited, we found that the spotted leaf trait expressed in A. japonica ‘Shilpot’ appears to be a nuclear gene that is inherited in a quantitative fashion and not strictly maternal. These data provide an enhanced foundation for breeding improved aucuba.}, number={9}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Thomasson, T.H. and Neill, K. and Lynch, N.P. and Weathington, M.}, year={2018}, pages={1271–1274} }
 @article{phillips_ranney_touchell_eaker_2016, title={Fertility and reproductive pathways of triploid flowering pears (Pyrus sp.)}, volume={51}, number={8}, journal={HortScience}, author={Phillips, W. D. and Ranney, T. G. and Touchell, D. H. and Eaker, T. A.}, year={2016}, pages={968–971} }
 @article{touchell_ranney_panthee_gehl_krings_2016, title={Genetic diversity, cytogenetics, and biomass yields among taxa of giant reeds (Arundo species)}, volume={141}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Touchell, D. H. and Ranney, T. G. and Panthee, D. R. and Gehl, R. J. and Krings, A.}, year={2016}, pages={256–263} }
 @inproceedings{phillips_ranney_touchell_eaker_2015, title={Developing non-invasive callery pears: Fertility and reproductive biology of triploid cytotypes}, volume={60}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 60th Annual Report}, author={Phillips, W.D. and Ranney, T.G. and Touchell, D.H. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2015}, pages={205–208} }
 @article{gillooly_ranney_2015, title={Genome Sizes and Ploidy Levels in the Genus Kalmia}, volume={50}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.50.10.1426}, abstractNote={Kalmia is a highly ornamental genus of shrubs native to North America and Cuba and grown as a valuable nursery crop throughout much of the temperate world. Although most species of Kalmia have previously been found to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 24, one species, Kalmia polifolia, has been found to be tetraploid. However, sampling within the genus has been limited, and information on the ploidy levels of specific cultivars is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the relative genome sizes and ploidy levels of species, hybrids, and cultivars of Kalmia. Flow cytometry was used to determine the relative genome sizes of 67 accessions representing species, interspecific hybrids, cultivars, and chemically induced polyploids. Traditional cytology was used to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy levels. Results showed that relative genome sizes were conserved with 1Cx values ranging from 0.57 pg for Kalmia carolina to 0.70 pg for Kalmia latifolia. Most species of Kalmia were diploid including K. buxifolia (Leiophyllum buxifolium), K. carolina, K. cuneata, K. hirsuta, K. latifolia, and K. microphylla. Although plants of K. carolina (Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina) were uniformly diploid, the closely related, but more northerly distributed, K. angustifolia was primarily tetraploid, providing additional justification for treating these as separate species. An unusual triploid of K. angustifolia f. candida was also documented. Kalmia polifolia included both tetraploid and potentially pentaploid individuals, indicating a ploidy series within this species. Kalmia latifolia cultivars also included one triploid, two cytochimeras, and two chemically induced tetraploids. Overall, polyploidy was more prevalent in Kalmia than previously reported and varied both within and among species. This broader survey of relative genome sizes and ploidy levels in Kalmia provides valuable information for plant breeders and new insights into the systematics and cytogenetics of the genus.}, number={10}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Gillooly, Dominic A. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={1426–1428} }
 @inproceedings{gillooly_touchell_ranney_2015, title={In vitro polyploid induction of Ophiopogon planiscapus}, volume={60}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 60th Annual Report}, author={Gillooly, D.A. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2015}, pages={181–185} }
 @article{ranney_gillooly_2015, title={New Insights into Breeding and Propagating Magnolias (c)}, volume={1085}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2015.1085.90}, abstractNote={It is a fascinating time to be growing magnolias. Recent developments, including a refined understanding of the evolutionary relationships, availability of new germplasm, and a formidable group of plant breeders, propagators, and aficionados are synergizing a magnolia renaissance. These forces are leading to exciting new hybrids, improved production methods, and a resurgence of interest in magnolias.}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS SOCIETY}, author={Ranney, Thomas and Gillooly, Dominic}, year={2015}, pages={441–449} }
 @article{haines_gehl_havlin_ranney_2015, title={Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Effects on Establishment of Giant Miscanthus}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1939-1242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-014-9499-4}, number={1}, journal={BIOENERGY RESEARCH}, author={Haines, S. A. and Gehl, R. J. and Havlin, J. L. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={17–27} }
 @article{qi_yu_liu_pais_ranney_whetten_xiang_2015, title={Phylogenomics of polyploid Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae) by RAD-tag based GBS - insights into species origin and effects of software pipelines}, volume={53}, ISSN={1674-4918}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12176}, DOI={10.1111/jse.12176}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Qi, Zhen-Chen and Yu, Yi and Liu, Xiang and Pais, Andrew and Ranney, Thomas and Whetten, Ross and Xiang, Qiu-Yun}, year={2015}, pages={432–447} }
 @article{palmer_gehl_ranney_touchell_george_2014, title={Biomass yield, nitrogen response, and nutrient uptake of perennial bioenergy grasses in North Carolina}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1873-2909"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.02.016}, abstractNote={Although perennial grasses show considerable potential as candidates for lignocellulosic bioenergy production, these crops exhibit considerable variation in regional adaptability and yield. Giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef & Deuter), Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Gracillimus’ and MH2006, plume grass (Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.), ravenna grass (Saccharum ravennae (L.) L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. ‘Alamo’), and giant reed (Arundo donax L.) field plots were established in 2008, treated with four nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 34, 67, 134 kg ha−1 y−1), and harvested annually in winter from 2008 to 2011. Giant reed, ‘Gracillimus’, switchgrass, MH2006, giant miscanthus and ravenna grass at the Mountain site produced mean dry matter yields of 22.8, 21.3, 20.9, 19.3, 18.4, and 10.0 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively (averaged over the last two years). Dry matter yields at the Coastal site for giant reed, giant miscanthus, switchgrass, ravenna grass, and ‘Gracillimus’ were 27.4, 20.8, 20.1, 14.3, and 9.4 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively (averaged over the last two years). Increasing N rates up to 134 kg N ha−1 did not have a consistent significant effect on biomass production. High yields coupled with high mortality for plume grass at both sites indicates its potential as a bioenergy crop and need for continued improvement. Overall, the perennial grasses in this study had low nutrient removal, although giant reed and plume grass often removed significantly more N, P, K and S compared with Miscanthus spp. and switchgrass. Our results indicate that giant reed, giant miscanthus, and switchgrass are productive bioenergy crops across geographic regions of North Carolina.}, journal={BIOMASS & BIOENERGY}, author={Palmer, Irene E. and Gehl, Ronald J. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Touchell, Darren and George, Nic}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={218–228} }
 @article{oates_ranney_touchell_viloria_2014, title={Campsis xtagliabuana 'Chastity': A Highly Infertile Triploid Trumpet Vine}, volume={49}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.49.3.343}, abstractNote={Campsis spp. Lour. (Bignoniaceae) are commonly known as trumpet vines or trumpetcreepers. The genus contains only two species, C. radicans (L.) Seem. and C. grandiflora K. Schum., and their interspecific hybrid, C. ·tagliabuana (Vis.) Rehder (Huxley et al., 1992). Campsis radicans is native throughout eastern North America and is often seen growing along fencerows, utility lines, and embankments. It is an aggressive woody vine (reaching up to 12 m) that frequently sprouts from the base (Anderson, 1933; Uva et al., 1997). The showy trumpetshaped flowers form on current year’s growth from mid-June through October. Flower colors of different cultivars include yellow, orange, and red. Campsis grandiflora is also a rapid grower with larger and more open funnel-shaped flowers than C. radicans, which typically has apricot/orange flowers. Campsis ·tagliabuana has intermediate characteristics between the two parental species. Although C. radicans is widely adaptable with a long bloom period and showy display of flowers, it can seed prolifically, grows quickly, and is considered weedy in many areas. The highly infertile, C. ·tagliabuana ‘Chastity’ was developed to minimize the reseeding potential of Campsis while maintaining the desirable landscape characteristics. The average number of seedlings per pollinated flower, an overall measure of female fecundity, was reduced from 119.3 for C. radicans to only 0.008 for ‘Chastity’, a reduction in fertility of 99.993%.}, number={3}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Oates, Kelly M. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Touchell, Darren H. and Viloria, Zenaida}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={343–345} }
 @article{lattier_ranney_fantz_avent_2014, title={Identification, nomenclature, genome sizes and ploidy levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa}, volume={49}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.49.2.145}, abstractNote={Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl., collectively known as liriopogons, represent important evergreen groundcovers grown throughout the world for their ornamental features and medicinal qualities. As a result of the diversity of desirable traits and evidence of wide hybridization, there is considerable potential for breeding and improvement of liriopogons. However, confusion over taxonomy and proper identification and lack of information on ploidy levels and cytogenetics of individual clones and cultivars have constrained breeding efforts. Objectives of this study were to validate the identification and nomenclature and determine genome sizes and ploidy levels for an extensive reference collection of species and cultivars of liriopogons. Identification was accomplished using existing keys, nomenclature was corrected, and numerous accessions were reassigned based on morphology. Genome sizes were determined by flow cytometry. Ploidy levels for each species were confirmed by traditional cytology. Results confirmed a basic chromosome number of x = 18 for liriopogons with aneuploidy, polyploidy, and cytochimeras found in some cases. The Liriope examined included diploids (L. graminifolia, L. longipedicellata, L. minor, and some of the L. platyphylla), tetraploids (L. muscari and the remaining L. platyphylla), and hexaploids (L. exiliflora and L. spicata). The Ophiopogon studied included diploids (O. intermedius, O. jaburan, O. planiscapus, and O. umbraticola) and a tetraploid/hypotetraploid species (O. japonicus). Monoploid (1Cx) genome sizes varied by genus and species with 1Cx values ranging from 4.27 pg in L. exiliflora to 8.15 pg in O. jaburan. These results clarify nomenclature and taxonomy and provide specific information on genome sizes and ploidy levels of cultivated liriopogons. This information and associated reference collection will aid future taxonomic revisions and enhance efforts to develop new cultivars of liriopogons.}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Lattier, J.D. and Ranney, T.G. and Fantz, P.R. and Avent, T.}, year={2014}, pages={145–151} }
 @article{lattier_touchell_ranney_2014, title={Micropropagation of an interspecific hybrid dogwood (Cornus 'NCCH1')}, volume={14}, number={4}, journal={Propagation of Ornamental Plants}, author={Lattier, J. D. and Touchell, D. H. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={2014}, pages={184–190} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_gillooly_2014, title={New insights into breeding and propagating magnolias}, volume={64}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Combined International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T. and Gillooly, D.}, year={2014}, pages={441–449} }
 @inproceedings{beck_ranney_2014, title={Ploidy levels and interploid hybridization in panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata}, volume={59}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 59th Annual Report}, author={Beck, W.T. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2014}, pages={296–300} }
 @inproceedings{shearer_ranney_2013, title={Cytometric and cytological analyses of cultivated dogwoods (Cornus spp.)}, volume={58}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 58th Annual Report}, author={Shearer, K. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2013}, pages={246–252} }
 @article{lattier_ranney_lynch_2013, title={History and cytological reassessment of Rhododendron canadense}, volume={67}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Lattier, J.D. and Ranney, T.G. and Lynch, N.P.}, year={2013}, pages={92–98} }
 @article{panneerselvam_sharma-shivappa_kolar_clare_ranney_2013, title={Hydrolysis of ozone pretreated energy grasses for optimal fermentable sugar production}, volume={148}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.119}, abstractNote={Ozonated energy grass varieties were enzymatically hydrolyzed to establish process parameters for maximum fermentable sugar production. Conditions for ozonolysis were selected on the basis of maximum delignification and glucan retention after pretreatment. To study the effect of lignin degradation products generated during ozonolysis on cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis was carried out for washed and unwashed pretreated solids. Washing the solids significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced glucan conversion from 34.3% to 100% while delivering glucose yields of 146.2–431.9 mg/g biomass. Highest fermentable sugars were produced when grasses were ozonated for maximum delignification and washed solids were hydrolyzed using 0.1 g/g Cellic® CTec2. In a comparative study on alkaline pretreatment with 1% NaOH for 60 min, Saccharum arundinaceum exhibited the highest glucan conversion with maximum sugar production of 467.9 mg/g. Although ozonolysis is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for cellulosic sugar production, process optimization is needed to ascertain economic feasibility of the process.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Panneerselvam, Anushadevi and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Kolar, Praveen and Clare, Debra A. and Ranney, Thomas}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={97–104} }
 @article{lattier_touchell_ranney_smith_2013, title={In vitro regeneration and polyploid induction of Acer platanoides L ‘Crimson Sentry’}, volume={31}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Lattier, J.D. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G. and Smith, J.}, year={2013}, pages={246–252} }
 @article{oates_touchell_ranney_2013, title={Induced Variation in Tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers' Regenerated from Gamma-irradiated Callus}, volume={48}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.48.7.831}, abstractNote={Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ is an adaptable and popular garden plant; however, reduction in height and increased novelty in flower color would be desirable. The effect of gamma radiation dose on in vitro survival and development, and ex vitro fertility, phenology, and morphology of tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ was investigated. In vitro embryogenic callus was treated with gamma radiation (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 Gy). Rooted microshoots were established ex vitro and evaluated for morphology (plant height, number of flowers, diameter of the terminal flowers, diameter of the secondary flowers, number of stems, number of nodes, and internode length), date of first anthesis, winter survival, and pollen fertility on mature, second-year plants. Callus survival had no response to dose 2 months after treatment; however, microshoot number was significantly reduced with increasing dose. In vitro microshoot survival continued to decline at higher doses up to 4 months after treatment. Plant height, average stem height, number of flowers, flower diameter, percent winter survival, and pollen viability were all reduced with increasing radiation dose. Date of first anthesis was also delayed with increased radiation dose. Several off phenotypes were recorded including increased apical splitting of the ray florets in several plants. Gamma radiation was somewhat effective for reducing the height of R. subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers,’ but flower morphology, flower number, and plant overwintering survival were often negatively affected with increasing radiation dose. Treating callus with low levels of gamma radiation (5–10 Gy) resulted in relatively high in vitro and field survival while inducing a range of other mutations that could be selected.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Oates, Kelly M. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={831–834} }
 @inproceedings{shearer_xiang_ranney_2013, title={Investigating genome size evolution in dogwoods (Cornus L.) using flow cytometry}, publisher={NC State Undergraduate Research Symposium}, author={Shearer, K. and Xiang, Q. and Ranney, T.}, year={2013} }
 @article{lattier_touchell_ranney_smith_2013, title={Micropropagation and Polyploid Induction of Acer platanoides 'Crimson Sentry'}, volume={31}, DOI={10.24266/0738-2898.31.4.246}, abstractNote={Protocols were developed for micropropagation and induction of autopolyploids in a fastigiate cultivar of Norway maple (A. platanoides L. ‘Crimson Sentry’). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, woody plant medium (WPM), and Quoirin and Lepoivre medium were supplemented with 2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), meta-Topolin, 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine, kinetin, or thidiazuron to evaluate microshoot proliferation. Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 μM BA yielded the most microshoots (3.2) and longest microshoots (30.6 mm) per subsample after 5 weeks. The influence of BA concentration on proliferation was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 μM. Optimal multiplication rate was achieved at 2 or 4 μM BA producing approximately 2.8 microcuttings per subsample after 5 weeks. To induce in vitro rooting, half-strength WPM was supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Optimal in vitro rooting (70%), number of roots (2.5), and root length (15 mm) per subsample were achieved with 10 μM IBA after 8 weeks. To induce polyploidy, microcuttings were pretreated for 7 days on MS medium with 4 μM BA alone or combined with 1 μM IBA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid prior to treatment in liquid MS medium containing 15 μM oryzalin for 3 days. Homogenous tetraploids were only obtained from shoots pretreated with IAA. This research provides optimized protocols for micropropagation and autopolyploid induction of A. platanoides ‘Crimson Sentry’ and demonstrates the development of tetraploid lines for use in future improvement programs.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Lattier, J.D. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G. and Smith, J.C.}, year={2013}, pages={246–252} }
 @article{shearer_ranney_2013, title={Ploidy Levels and Relative Genome Sizes of Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars of Dogwood (Cornus spp.)}, volume={48}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.48.7.825}, abstractNote={Dogwoods (Cornus spp.) are valuable nursery crops grown as landscape plants throughout much of the world. Although there has been considerable work on breeding and selecting dogwoods, there is little information available on genome sizes (DNA content) and ploidy levels within the genus, particularly for specific clones and cultivars. Our objective was to conduct a survey of relative genome sizes and ploidy levels of dogwood taxa representative of the big-bracted, cornelian cherry, and dwarf dogwood clades. Flow cytometry was used to determine relative genome sizes and ploidy levels of 94 accessions of various species, hybrids, and cultivars. Traditional cytology was performed on root cells of representative taxa to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy level. All dogwood accessions tested were diploid with the exception of C. canadensis that was tetraploid and the hybrid cultivar C. KN30-8 that was triploid. Relative genome sizes varied by clade, subgenus, and species with 1Cx values ranging from 1.07 pg for C. canadensis to 5.08 pg for C. eydeana. Relative genome sizes were also valuable for confirming hybridity of interspecific crosses in cases in which parents varied substantially in relative genome size and hybrids were intermediate. A broad range of interspecific hybrids was documented including C. capitata × florida, C. capitata × kousa, C. elliptica × florida, C. hongkongensis × florida, C. kousa × elliptica, and C. kousa × florida. These results provide further insights into the cytogenetics, reproductive biology, crossability, and relative genome sizes of dogwoods.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Shearer, Kimberly and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={825–830} }
 @article{panneerselvam_sharma-shivappa_kolar_ranney_peretti_2013, title={Potential of ozonolysis as a pretreatment for energy grasses}, volume={148}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.129}, abstractNote={This study investigated the effect of ozonolysis on Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus', Saccharum arundinaceum and Saccharum ravennae, collectively referred to as 'energy grasses'. Studies were conducted at three different ozone concentrations (40, 50 and 58 mg/l) using two ozone flow configurations - uni-directional and reversed flow. Pretreatment conditions for each variety were optimized based on lignin content and glucan recovery in ozonated solids. Results showed that ozonolysis was effective in removing up to 59.9% lignin without cellulose degradation. However, subsequent hydrolysis of pretreated solids with Cellic® CTec2 at 0.06 g/g raw biomass provided glucan conversion lower than untreated samples suggesting enzyme inhibition by lignin degradation products formed during ozonolysis. Future studies investigating hydrolysis efficiency of washed pretreated solids with higher enzyme loadings are therefore warranted to optimize the hydrolysis process and make it functionally feasible.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Panneerselvam, Anushadevi and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Kolar, Praveen and Ranney, Thomas and Peretti, Steven}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={242–248} }
 @article{parris_touchell_ranney_adelberg_2012, title={Basal salt composition, cytokinins, and phenolic binding agents influence in vitro growth and ex vitro establishment of Magnolia ‘Ann’}, volume={47}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.47.11.1625}, abstractNote={In vitro growth responses of Magnolia ‘Ann’ to basal salt composition, cytokinins, and phenolic binding agents were investigated in a series of experiments to refine micropropagation protocols. Murashige and Skoog (MS), half-strength MS, Woody Plant Medium (WPM), Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW), and Blaydes basal salts in conjunction with 1 g·L−1 activated charcoal (AC) or 1 g·L−1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were evaluated as multiplication media. Benzylaminopurine (BAP), meta-topolin (mT), or 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) at 2, 4, or 8 μM was investigated to optimize the cytokinin concentration. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 μM BAP with no phenolic binding agent was an optimal multiplication medium that yielded 3.2 ± 0.2 shoots with a mean length of 17.2 ± 1.8 mm over an 8-week period. For rooting, microshoots were cultured on half-strength MS media supplemented with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA) with or without AC. Media containing AC produced elongated microshoots suitable for rooting and ex vitro establishment. Microshoots cultured on medium supplemented with AC also had higher in vitro rooting (16%) and higher ex vitro rooting (75%) compared with those without AC regardless of in vitro IBA concentration.}, number={11}, journal={HortScience}, author={Parris, J.K. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G. and Adelberg, J.}, year={2012}, pages={1625–1629} }
 @inproceedings{palmer_ranney_gehl_touchell_george_2012, title={Biomass yield and nitrogen response of perennial bioenergy grasses in North Carolina}, volume={57}, booktitle={Southern Nursery Association Research Conference}, author={Palmer, I.E. and Ranney, T.G. and Gehl, R. and Touchell, D. and George, Nic}, year={2012}, pages={268–272} }
 @article{oates_ranney_touchell_2012, title={Influence of Induced Polyploidy on Fertility and Morphology of Rudbeckia Species and Hybrids}, volume={47}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1217}, abstractNote={Rudbeckia spp. are adaptable and valuable ornamental wildflowers. Development of new varieties of Rudbeckia spp., with improved commercial characteristics, would be highly desirable. Interspecific hybridization and induced polyploidy may be avenues for improvement within the genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate fertility, morphology, phenology of flowering, and perennialness (overwintering survival) for lines of diploid and induced allotetraploids of R. subtomentosa × hirta and diploid and autotetraploids of R. subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’. Polyploid lines were developed and propagated in vitro and then grown ex vitro in a randomized complete block design with 12 replications. Compared with their diploid counterparts, autotetraploid lines of R. subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ had similar internode lengths, plant heights, number of stems, flowering times (date at first anthesis), and fall and spring survival (100%); reduced number of inflorescences and male and female fertility; and increased inflorescence diameters. Compared with their diploid counterparts, allotetraploids of R. subtomentosa × hirta had similar internode lengths, reduced number of inflorescences, delayed flowering times, and increased pollen staining. Allotetraploids had limited male and female fertility compared with no detectable fertility in their diploid counterparts. Plant height and number of stems either decreased or showed no change with induced allotetraploidy. Spring survival of diploid hybrid genotypes ranged from 0% to 82% and was not improved in the allotetraploid hybrids. For a given genotype, some polyploidy lines varied significantly in certain morphological traits (e.g., plant height) indicating somaclonal variation may have developed in vitro or there were variable genomic or epigenetic changes associated with induced polyploidy.}, number={9}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Oates, Kelly M. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Touchell, Darren H.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={1217–1221} }
 @inproceedings{lattier_touchell_ranney_2012, title={Micropropagation of Acer platanoides L. ‘Crimson Sentry’}, volume={57}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 57th Annual Report}, author={Lattier, J.D. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2012}, pages={296–300} }
 @article{shearer_ranney_miller_towe_2012, title={Pentanthera webs: Interspecific and interploid hybridization among sympatric azaleas in the southern Appalachian mountains}, volume={66}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Shearer, K. and Ranney, T.G. and Miller, R. and Towe, C.}, year={2012}, pages={187–197} }
 @article{rounsaville_touchell_ranney_2011, title={Fertility and Reproductive Pathways in Diploid and Triploid Miscanthus sinensis}, volume={46}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.46.10.1353}, abstractNote={Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is a popular ornamental grass and has additional potential as a bioenergy crop. In some regards, the ability of M. sinensis to withstand a broad range of climatic and cultural conditions is desirable, but its propensity to rapidly colonize open and disturbed environments has allowed it to naturalize and become weedy in some regions in the United States. Considering the value of this crop, the development and documentation of infertile clones would be desirable. Triploid plants were evaluated for male and female fertility using pollen viability staining and seed set and germination, respectively. Pollen viability staining, seed set, and seed germination from triploid plants were reduced compared with diploids but varied considerably within each cytotype. Overall, relative female fertility of individual triploids clones [(% seed set × % germination for triploid)/(% seed set × % germination for diploid control)] was reduced substantially and ranged from 49% to 0.7%. Additionally, the reproductive pathways of triploid plants were examined by evaluating the 2C genome sizes of progeny derived from open pollination. The limited progeny arising from open-pollinated triploids were predominantly aneuploids with 2C genome sizes intermediate between diploids and triploids. There was no clear evidence of apomixis, selfing, or triploid × triploid fertilization events observed among triploid parents. Formation of unreduced gametes was rare for both ploidy levels (≈1%). The considerable reduction in female fertility in some triploid clones combined with the limited production of primarily aneuploid progeny provides highly infertile alternatives to existing diploid cultivars.}, number={10}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Rounsaville, Todd J. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas C.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={1353–1357} }
 @article{rounsaville_touchell_ranney_blazich_2011, title={Micropropagation of Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’}, volume={46}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.46.7.1010}, abstractNote={Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’ is a unique new cultivar exhibiting a compact form and delicate evergreen leaves. Protocols for micropropagation of M. ‘Soft Caress’ were developed to expedite multiplication and serve as a foundation for future work with other taxa of Mahonia Nutt. Combinations of sucrose at 30 or 45 g·L−1 in conjunction with Gamborg B5 (B5), Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL), and Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media as well as other selected growth regulator treatments were evaluated as multiplication media. Rooting of microcuttings was conducted in vitro using combinations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 μM under either light or dark. Quick dip treatments with aqueous solutions of the potassium (K) salt (K-salt) of IBA at 0, 5.2, 10.4, 20.7, or 41.4 μM were tested in a second experiment for ex vitro rooting. Media containing B5 basal salts and vitamins supplemented with sucrose at 30 g·L−1, 5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 5 μM kinetin, 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid, and 2.5 μM gibberellic acid yielded 2.80 ± 0.14 microshoots with a mean length of 14.76 ± 0.63 mm over a 6-week culture period and was an optimal multiplication media. Light treatment and IBA concentration had a significant effect on rooting percentages. Microcuttings treated with 8 μM IBA and maintained in the dark resulted in the best rooting (70%) and ex vitro establishment.}, number={7}, journal={Hortscience}, author={Rounsaville, T.J. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G. and Blazich, F.A.}, year={2011}, pages={1010–1014} }
 @article{ranney_2010, title={A few new plants}, volume={44}, number={6}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={13–17} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_2010, title={Breeding new plants for modern landscapes}, volume={60}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Combined International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={518–520} }
 @article{trueblood_ranney_lynch_neal_olsen_2010, title={Evaluating fertility of triploid clones of Hypericum androsaemum L. for use as non-invasive landscape plants}, volume={45}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI.45.7.1026}, abstractNote={Although Hypericum androsaemum L. is a valuable landscape plant, the species can be weedy and potentially invasive in certain locations. Infertile, non-invasive cultivars of H. androsaemum with desirable ornamental features would be ecologically beneficial and valuable for the horticultural industry. The male and female fertility of 10 triploid H. androsaemum, developed with a combination of variegation and foliage colors, was investigated under greenhouse (controlled pollination) and field conditions (natural pollination). Male fertility was evaluated based on pollen viability tests (pollen staining and pollen germination). Female fertility was based on fruit set, seed set, germinative capacity of seeds, and number of seedlings produced for each flower. Although values for different measures of fertility varied among triploid clones, pollen germination was significantly reduced for all triploids and nine of the 10 triploids produced no viable seed. These results represent 100% failure of ≈171,000 potential fertilization events based on fertility levels of diploid controls. The remaining triploid clone produced two seedlings per flower compared with 260 seedlings per flower for the controls. However, the seedlings produced by the triploid clone died shortly after germination. This research documented that the triploid H. androsaemum tested are highly infertile with no measurable female fertility. These clones will provide ideal alternatives to fertile forms of H. androsaemum where invasiveness is a concern. These methods also provide a useful protocol for evaluating fertility of other taxa that are selected or developed as non-invasive cultivars of potentially weedy species.}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Trueblood, C. E. and Ranney, T. G. and Lynch, N. P. and Neal, J. C. and Olsen, R. T.}, year={2010}, pages={1026–1028} }
 @misc{ranney_2010, title={Hydrangea plant named "NCHA1"}, volume={PP20,765}, number={2010 Feb. 16}, author={Ranney, T. G.}, year={2010} }
 @article{hebert_touchell_ranney_lebude_2010, title={In vitro shoot regeneration and polyploid induction of rhododendron 'Fragrantissimum Improved'}, volume={45}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hebert, C. J. and Touchell, D. H. and Ranney, T. G. and LeBude, A. V.}, year={2010}, pages={801–804} }
 @article{hebert_touchell_ranney_lebude_2010, title={In vitro shoot regeneration and polyploidy induction of Rhododendron ‘Fragrantissimum Improved’}, volume={45}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.45.5.801}, abstractNote={Rhododendron L.‘Fragrantissimum Improved’ is an attractive cultivar with showy, fragrant flowers but has limited potential for breeding because it is a sterile wide hybrid. Protocols for in vitro regeneration and polyploid induction were developed for this cultivar as a means to potentially restore fertility and enhance ornamental traits. Combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 μM and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 μM were used to induce shoot regeneration from leaves. Shoot regeneration was optimized (68% of leaf segments produced shoots) using 8.8 μM TDZ and 10 μM NAA. To induce polyploidy, regenerative callus was treated with 7.5, 15, 30, 60, or 90 μM of the mitotic inhibitor oryzalin for 1, 3, 5, 7, or 14 d in various combinations. Oryzalin significantly affected survival and shoot regenerative capacity. A percentage of homogenous, tetraploid shoots was recovered from treatments of 30 μM oryzalin for 1 (13%) or 3 (13%) days and 7.5 μM oryzalin for 7 (20%) or 14 (7%) days.}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hebert, C.J. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G. and LeBude, A.V.}, year={2010}, pages={801–804} }
 @inproceedings{parris_touchell_ranney_2010, title={Optimizing in vitro growth conditions for Magnolia 'Ann'}, volume={55}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 55th Annual Report}, author={Parris, J.K. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={30–35} }
 @article{parris_ranney_knap_baird_2010, title={Ploidy Levels, Relative Genome Sizes, and Base Pair Composition in Magnolia}, volume={135}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.135.6.533}, abstractNote={The genus Magnolia includes over 250 species that range in ploidy level from diploid to hexaploid. Although there is basic information on ploidy levels of various species, sampling has been limited and little information on specific cultivars and hybrids is available. The objective of this research was to determine relative genome sizes and relationships to ploidy levels among a diverse collection of species, hybrids, and cultivars using flow cytometry. Nuclei were extracted, stained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and analyzed using a flow cytometer. Relative genome sizes were determined using Pisum sativum as the reference genome. Genome size was calibrated with ploidy level for species with documented chromosome numbers. Relative genome size for a given ploidy level varied significantly among most taxonomic sections indicating these groups have undergone considerable genomic divergence. These data also indicate it is desirable to calibrate ploidy level with relative genome size for each section separately. Within a section, relative 2C genome sizes, for a given ploidy level, had narrow ranges and could be used to clearly distinguish between euploid levels. Genome size estimates, determined with DAPI or propidium iodide fluorochromes, varied (by 0% to 14%) as a function of species and base pair (bp) composition. Both methods were suitable for determining euploid level. Base pair composition of representative Magnolia species ranged from 61.6% to 63.91% AT. Genome sizes and ploidy levels are presented for a broad range of species and hybrids within genus Magnolia. This information also provides further insight into reproductive biology, substantiation of numerous hybrids and induced polyploids, and comparison of methods for determining genome size that will help facilitate the development of improved hybrids in the future.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Parris, J. Kevin and Ranney, Thomas G. and Knap, Halina T. and Baird, W. Vance}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={533–547} }
 @article{rounsaville_ranney_2010, title={Ploidy levels and genome sizes of Berberis L and Mahonia Nutt. species, hybrids, and cultivars}, volume={45}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.45.7.1029}, abstractNote={An extensive survey of genome sizes and ploidy levels was conducted for a diverse collection of Berberis and Mahonia taxa (Berberidaceae). Propidium iodide flow cytometric analysis was conducted using Pisum sativum L. ‘Ctirad’ (2C DNA = 8.76 pg) as an internal standard to determine genome sizes. Mean 1CX genome sizes varied between the two Mahonia subgenera (Occidentales = 1.17 ± 0.02, Orientales = 1.27 ± 0.01), whereas those of Berberis subgenera were similar (Australes = 1.45 ± 0.03, Septentrionales = 1.47 ± 0.02) and each significantly larger than those of Mahonia. Traditional cytology was performed on representative species to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy levels. Polyploidy among both wild and cultivated taxa was found to be rare. Although the majority of species were determined to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 28, artificially induced autopolyploid Berberis thunbergii seedlings were confirmed to be tetraploid and an accession of Mahonia nervosa was confirmed to be hexaploid. Genome size and ploidy level reports for the majority of taxa sampled are presented for the first time and are intended to be of use to plant breeders, ecologists, and systematists.}, number={7}, journal={Hortscience}, author={Rounsaville, T.J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={1029–1033} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_touchell_eaker_mowrey_lynch_smith_2010, title={Progress developing non-invasive nursery crops}, volume={60}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Combined International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Touchell, D.H. and Eaker, T. and Mowrey, J. and Lynch, N. and Smith, J.}, year={2010}, pages={422–423} }
 @misc{haines_gehl_ranney_havlin_2010, title={Response of Miscanthus ×giganteus to phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer on low phosphorus soils in North Carolina}, author={Haines, S.A. and Gehl, R.J. and Ranney, T.G. and Havlin, J.L.}, year={2010}, month={Jan} }
 @article{ranney_2010, title={Storm warning: Reinventing flowering quince}, volume={44}, number={3}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={36–37} }
 @article{jones_lebude_ranney_2010, title={Vegetative propagation of Oconee azalea (Rhododendron flammeum) by stem cuttings and mound layering}, volume={28}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Jones, J.R. and LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2010}, pages={69–73} }
 @inproceedings{conner_lebude_ranney_jones_2010, title={Vegetative propagation of bottle brush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora) and Florida flame azalea (Rhododendron austrinum) by mound layering}, volume={55}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 55th Annual Report}, author={Conner, J.L. and LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G. and Jones, J.}, year={2010}, pages={302–306} }
 @article{ranney_olsen_2009, title={Breaking the color barrier: The classic ‘Annabelle’ hydrangea now comes in pink}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Olsen, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={44–45} }
 @article{palmer_ranney_lynch_bir_2009, title={Crossability, cytogenetics, and reproductive pathways in Rudbeckia subgenus Rudbeckia}, volume={44}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI.44.1.44}, abstractNote={Rudbeckia L. are valuable nursery crops that offer broad adaptability and exceptional ornamental merit. However, there is little information on interspecific and interploid crossability and ploidy levels of specific cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the ploidy levels and relative DNA contents (genome sizes) of selected species and cultivars, to evaluate self-compatibility and crossability among species and ploidy levels, and to explore reproductive pathways in triploid R. hirta L. with the goal of facilitating future breeding endeavors and development of new hybrids. Reciprocal interspecific crosses were performed between R. hirta cultivars and R. fulgida Ait., R. missouriensis Engelm. ex C.L. Boynton & Beadle, and R. subtomentosa Pursh. as well as reciprocal interploid crosses among four R. hirta cultivars. A combination of relative DNA content analysis and chromosome counts was used to test for hybridity and to determine ploidy levels for selected species, cultivars, and interploid R. hirta F1 hybrids. Of the specific clones tested, R. subtomentosa and R. missouriensis were diploid, R. fuligida varieties were tetraploid, and R. hirta include both diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Mean 1Cx DNA content varied over 320% among species. The interploid R. hirta crosses produced triploids as well as pentaploids and hexaploids. Seedlings from open-pollinated triploid R. hirta appeared, based on diverse phenotypes and DNA contents, to be aneuploids resulting from sexual fertilization, not apomixis. Of the 844 seedlings from interspecific F1 crosses, only one individual, R. subtomentosa ×R. hirta, had a DNA content intermediate between its parents and was confirmed as the only interspecific hybrid. Although most taxa had low self-fertility, seedlings (with genomic sizes similar to their maternal parent) resulted after interspecific crosspollination, indicating that pseudogamy is one reproductive pathway in Rudbeckia species.}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Palmer, I. E. and Ranney, T. G. and Lynch, N. P. and Bir, R. E.}, year={2009}, pages={44–48} }
 @article{meyer_ranney_eaker_ivors_2009, title={Differential resistance of Gordonieae trees to Phytophthora cinnamomi}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Meyer, E. M. and Ranney, T. G. and Eaker, T. A. and Ivors, K.}, year={2009}, pages={1484–1486} }
 @article{lebude_ranney_2009, title={Evaluating landscape adaptability of hemlock species (Tsuga spp.) in Western North Carolina}, volume={26}, number={2}, journal={Confer Quarterly}, author={LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2009}, pages={28–30} }
 @article{jones_ranney_2009, title={Fertility of neoppolyploid Rhododendron and occurrence of unreduced gametes in triploid cultivars}, volume={63}, number={3}, journal={Journal American Rhododendron Society}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2009}, pages={131–135} }
 @misc{ranney_2009, title={Flowering quince plant named 'Pink Storm'}, volume={PP20,920}, number={2009 Apr. 6}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Ranney, T. G.}, year={2009} }
 @article{meyer_touchell_ranney_2009, title={In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Polyploid Induction from Leaves of Hypericum Species}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1957}, abstractNote={Hypericum L. H2003-004-016 is a complex hybrid among Hypericum frondosum Michx., Hypericum galioides Lam., and Hypericum kalmianum L. and exhibits valuable ornamental characteristics, including compact habit, bluish green foliage, and showy flowers. Inducing polyploidy may further enhance the ornamental traits of this hybrid and provide new opportunities for hybridizing with other naturally occurring polyploid Hypericum sp. In this study, in vitro shoot regeneration and treatment of regenerative callus with the dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsufanilamide) were investigated as a means of inducing allopolyploidy. First, in vitro regeneration was optimized for callus and shoot induction by culture of leaf explants on medium supplemented with benzylamino purine (BA) or meta-topolin (mT) at 5, 10, or 15 μM in combination with indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 μM. Both BA and mT treatments successfully induced regenerative callus and shoots. Multiple regression analysis estimated maximum regenerative callus (94%) and shoot induction (18 shoots per explant) in medium supplemented with 5 μM BA and 3.75 μM IAA. In the second part of the study, exposure of regenerative callus to oryzalin at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, or 90 μM for durations of 3, 6, or 9 d was investigated for polyploid induction. There was no survival for any of the calli in the 60- or 90-μM oryzalin treatments, but calli subjected to the other treatments exhibited some survival and polyploid induction. Duration had no effect on callus survival or ploidy level, but oryzalin concentration was a significant factor in both. The greatest percentage (44%) of polyploids was induced with 30 μM oryzalin. Spontaneous chromosome doubling was observed in 8% of control explants receiving no oryzalin treatment.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Meyer, Elisabeth M. and Touchell, Darren H. and Ranney, Thomas G.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={1957–1961} }
 @inproceedings{hebert_touchell_ranney_lebude_2009, title={In vitro regeneration of Rhododendron ‘Fragrantissimum Improved’}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report}, author={Hebert, C.J. and Touchell, D. and Ranney, T.G. and LeBude, A.V.}, year={2009}, pages={460–463} }
 @inproceedings{meyer_touchell_ranney_2009, title={In vitro shoot regeneration from leaves of Hypericum sp}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report}, author={Meyer, E.M. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2009}, pages={464–468} }
 @inproceedings{parris_ranney_baird_knap_2009, title={Ploidy levels and genome sizes of Magnolia L. species, hybrids, and cultivars}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report}, author={Parris, J.K. and Ranney, T.G. and Baird, W.V. and Knap, H.T.}, year={2009}, pages={374–378} }
 @article{meyer_lebude_ranney_2009, title={Vegetative propagation of Gordonieae trees by stem cuttings}, volume={27}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Meyer, E.M. and LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2009}, pages={191–194} }
 @inproceedings{bush_dunwell_ingram_owings_blythe_klingaman_fare_pounders_niemiera_nowak_et al._2008, title={A historical summary of plant material evaluations by SERA-IEG}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Bush, Ed. and Dunwell, W. and Ingram, D. and Owings, A. and Blythe, G. and Klingaman, B. and Fare, D. and Pounders, C. and Niemiera, A. and Nowak, J. and et al.}, year={2008}, pages={156–158} }
 @article{jones_ranney_eaker_2008, title={A novel method for inducing polyploidy in Rhododendron seedlings}, volume={62}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2008}, pages={130–135} }
 @article{lebude_ranney_2008, title={Evaluating landscape adaptability of hemlock species (Tsuga spp.) in Western North Carolina}, volume={42}, number={1}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={53–55} }
 @inproceedings{jones_ranney_2008, title={Fertility of neopolyploid Rhododendron and occurrence of unreduced gametes in triploid cultivars}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={174–177} }
 @inproceedings{palmer_touchell_ranney_2008, title={In-vitro polyploid induction of Rudbeckia spp}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Palmer, I.E. and Touchell, D.H. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={186–189} }
 @article{contreras_ranney_2008, title={New opportunities for breeding fragrant rhododendrons}, volume={62}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Contreras, R.N. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={201–202} }
 @inproceedings{touchell_smith_ranney_2008, title={Novel applications of plant tissue culture}, volume={58}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Combined International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Touchell, D. and Smith, J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={196–199} }
 @inproceedings{touchell_smith_ranney_2008, title={Organogenesis from Hypericum frondosum leaves}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Touchell, D. and Smith, J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={222–223} }
 @inproceedings{meyer_lebude_ranney_2008, title={Propagation of Gordonieae trees by hardwood stem cuttings}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Meyer, E.M. and LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={206–209} }
 @article{zhou_gibbons_goetsch_hall_ranney_miller_2008, title={Rhododendron colemanii: A new species of deciduous azalea (Rhododendron section Pentanthera; Ericaceae) from the Coastal Plain of Alabama and Georgia}, volume={62}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Zhou, W. and Gibbons, T. and Goetsch, L. and Hall, B. and Ranney, T.G. and Miller, R.}, year={2008}, pages={72–78} }
 @article{ranney_jones_2008, title={Understanding polyploidy: Insights into the evolution and breeding of azaleas}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={The Azalean}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Jones, J.R.}, year={2008}, pages={81–84} }
 @inproceedings{jones_lebude_ranney_2008, title={Vegetative propagation of Oconee azalea (Rhododendron flammeum)}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 53rd Annual Report}, author={Jones, J.R. and LeBude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2008}, pages={210–213} }
 @article{englert_neal_ranney_2008, title={What do invasive plants have to do with your nursery?}, volume={42}, number={6}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Englert, C. and Neal, J. and Ranney, Tom}, year={2008}, pages={44} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_mowrey_2007, title={Assessing fertility among cultivars of winged euonymus}, volume={52}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 52nd Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Mowrey, Joel A.}, year={2007}, pages={352–354} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_touchell_eaker_lynch_mowrey_smith_2007, title={Breeding non-invasive nursery crops}, volume={57}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Regional International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Touchell, D.H. and Eaker, T.A. and Lynch, N.P. and Mowrey, J.A. and Smith, J.C.}, year={2007}, pages={643–645} }
 @article{ranney_lynch_fantz_cappiello_2007, title={Clarifying taxonomy and nomenclature of fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae) cultivars and hybrids}, volume={42}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Lynch, N. P. and Fantz, P. R. and Cappiello, P.}, year={2007}, pages={470–473} }
 @article{lasseigne_warren_blazich_ranney_2007, title={Day/Night temperature influences growth and photosynthesis of cultivated Salvia taxa}, volume={132}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.132.4.492}, abstractNote={Eight taxa of Salvia L., representing broad geographic origin and diversity within the genus, were grown under long day conditions for 36 d at 15-h days of 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 °C and 9-h nights of 15 or 25 °C. Taxa of European origin displayed broader tolerance to high day temperatures (DTs) with the lowest relative reduction in growth and net photosynthesis (Pn) occurring at DTs 30 °C or greater compared with those native to North and South America. Salvia splendens Sell. ex Roem. & Schult. (scarlet sage) was particularly intolerant of high temperatures with all plants dying at days of 40 °C. All plants of S. nemorosa L.‘Ostfriesland’ (‘Ostfriesland’ wood sage), S. pratensis L. (meadow sage), and S. × sylvestris L. ‘Mainacht’ (‘May Night’ salvia) survived at days of 40 °C with no visual signs of injury, whereas all other taxa except S. splendens exhibited stunted, contorted growth with foliar chlorosis and necrosis at 40 °C. Day temperature exerted the primary effect on top growth, root growth, and Pn of all taxa. Night temperature effects were significant for some taxa but were of less importance than day temperature.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society of Horticulture Science}, author={Lasseigne, F.T. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2007}, pages={492–500} }
 @article{lasseigne_warren_blazich_ranney_2007, title={Day/nNight temperature affects growth and photosynthesis of cultivated Salvia taxa}, volume={132}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Lasseigne, F. T. and Warren, S. L. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={2007}, pages={492–500} }
 @inproceedings{palmer_ranney_lynch_bir_2007, title={Exploring crossability among Rudbeckia L. species}, volume={52}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 52nd Annual Report}, author={Palmer, I.E. and Ranney, T.G. and Lynch, N.P. and Bir, R.E.}, year={2007}, pages={355–358} }
 @inproceedings{jones_ranney_eaker_2007, title={Inducing polyploidy in rhododendron seedlings}, volume={57}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Regional International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2007}, pages={697–700} }
 @inproceedings{touchell_smith_ranney_2007, title={Inheritance of leaf variegations in Miscanthus}, volume={52}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 52nd Annual Report}, author={Touchell, D. and Smith, J. and Ranney, T.}, year={2007}, pages={349–351} }
 @article{contreras_ranney_milla-lewis_yencho_2007, title={Investigating parentage and hybridity of three azaleodendrons using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis}, volume={42}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.42.3.740}, abstractNote={Morphological analysis historically has been used to determine parentage of unknown hybrids. This can be difficult when potential parents have similar appearance, as in the case of three azaleodendron cultivars, Rhododendron L. ‘Fragrans’, ‘Fragrans Affinity’, and ‘Fragrant Affinity’. These cultivars are similar in name and appearance, and all are purported hybrids of R. catawbiense Michx. or R. ponticum L. and R. viscosum (L.) Torr. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was conducted to determine whether the cultivars are synonyms or distinct clones and to elucidate the parental species. The three cultivars, suspected to be hybrids between taxa in subgenera Hymenanthes (Blume) K.Koch (evergreen rhododendrons) and Pentanthera (G.Don) Pojarkova (deciduous azaleas), and related taxa from each subgenus were evaluated using 31 AFLP primer combinations. Genetic similarity, calculated using Jaccard's coefficient, among the hybrids ranged from 53% to 71%, indicating that they are distinct cultivars and not a single clone. Genetic similarity was highest between the hybrids and R. ponticum among the evergreen rhododendrons, and R. viscosum among the deciduous azaleas. A dendrogram generated using the genetic similarity matrix grouped taxa into their respective subgenera, with the three cultivars nested intermediately between subgenera but more closely with subgenus Hymenanthes and particularly R. ponticum, suggesting it is the evergreen rhododendron parent. Furthermore, principle components grouped R. ponticum more closely with the hybrids and there were 18 AFLP fragments unique to R. ponticum and the hybrids. However, no unique AFLP bands were shared exclusively among the hybrids and the purported deciduous azalea parent, R. viscosum, suggesting that the original azalea parents may have been hybrids.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Contreras, R. N. and Ranney, T. G. and Milla-Lewis, S. R. and Yencho, G. C.}, year={2007}, pages={740–743} }
 @inproceedings{jones_lebude_ranney_conner_2007, title={Mound layering of Rhododendron flammeum (Michx.) Sargent (Oconee azalea)}, volume={57}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Eastern Regional International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Jones, J.R. and Lebude, A.V. and Ranney, T.G. and Conner, J.}, year={2007}, pages={429–431} }
 @inproceedings{jones_ranney_lynch_krebs_2007, title={Ploidy levels and genome sizes of diverse species, hybrids, and cultivars of rhododendron L}, volume={52}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 52nd Annual Report}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G. and Lynch, N.P. and Krebs, S.L.}, year={2007}, pages={344–348} }
 @article{jones_ranney_lynch_krebs_2007, title={Ploidy levels and relative genome sizes of diverse species, hybrids, and cultivars of rhododendron}, volume={61}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Rhododendron Society}, author={Jones, J.R. and Ranney, T.G. and Lynch, N.P. and Krebs, S.L.}, year={2007}, pages={220–227} }
 @article{contreras_ranney_tallury_2007, title={Reproductive behavior of diploid and allotetraploid Rhododendron L ‘Fragrant Affinity’}, volume={42}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Contreras, R.N. and Ranney, T.G. and Tallury, S.P.}, year={2007}, pages={31–34} }
 @article{contreras_ranney_tallury_2007, title={Reproductive behavior of diploid and allotetraploid Rhododendron L. 'fragrant affinity'}, volume={42}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Contreras, R. N. and Ranney, T. G. and Tallury, S. P.}, year={2007}, pages={31–34} }
 @article{upchurch_ranney_2006, title={A future in dogwoods}, volume={10}, number={4}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Upchurch, B. and Ranney, T.}, year={2006}, pages={53–56} }
 @article{olsen_ranney_werner_2006, title={Fertility and inheritance of variegated and purple foliage across a polyploid series in Hypericum androsaemum L.}, volume={131}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.131.6.725}, abstractNote={Inheritance of two mutant foliage types, variegated and purple, was investigated for diploid, triploid, and tetraploid tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum). The fertility of progeny was evaluated by pollen viability tests and reciprocal crosses with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids and germinative capacity of seeds from successful crosses. Segregation ratios were determined for diploid crosses in reciprocal di-hybrid F1, F2, BCP1, and BCP2 families and selfed F2s with the parental phenotypes. F2 tetraploids were derived from induced autotetraploid F1s. Triploid segregation ratios were determined for crosses between tetraploid F2s and diploid F1s. Diploid di-hybrid crosses fit the expected 9: 3: 3: 1 ratio for a single, simple recessive gene for both traits, with no evidence of linkage. A novel phenotype representing a combination of parental phenotypes was recovered. Data from backcrosses and selfing support the recessive model. Both traits behaved as expected at the triploid level; however, at the tetraploid level the number of variegated progeny increased, with segregation ratios falling between random chromosome and random chromatid assortment models. We propose the gene symbol var (variegated) and pl (purple leaf) for the variegated and purple genes, respectively. Triploid pollen stained moderately well (41%), but pollen germination was low (6%). Triploid plants were highly infertile, demonstrating extremely low male fertility and no measurable female fertility (no viable seed production). The present research demonstrates the feasibility of breeding simultaneously for ornamental traits and non-invasiveness.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Olsen, Richard T. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Werner, Dennis J.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={725–730} }
 @inproceedings{touchell_viloria_ranney_ivors_2006, title={Intergeneric hybrids between Weigela and Diervilla (Caprifoliaceae)}, volume={51}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 51st Annual Report}, author={Touchell, D. and Viloria, Z. and Ranney, T. and Ivors, K.}, year={2006}, pages={591–594} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_2006, title={Polyploidy: From evolution to new plant development}, volume={56}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2006}, pages={604–607} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_touchell_olsen_eaker_lynch_mowrey_2006, title={Progress in breeding non-invasive nursery crops}, volume={51}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 51st Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Touchell, D. and Olsen, R. and Eaker, T. and Lynch, N. and Mowrey, J.}, year={2006}, pages={597–598} }
 @article{olsen_ranney_viloria_2006, title={Reproductive behavior of induced allotetraploid ×Chitalpa and in vitro embryo culture of polyploidy progeny}, volume={131}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.131.6.716}, abstractNote={×Chitalpa tashkentensis Elias & Wisura is a sterile intergeneric hybrid [Catalpa bignonioides Walt. × Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet]. To restore fertility in ×Chitalpa the following were evaluated: 1) oryzalin as a polyploidization agent, 2) fertility of induced polyploids, and 3) in vitro culture methods for embryo rescue of interploid crosses. Meristems of ×Chitalpa `Pink Dawn' were submerged in an aqueous solution of 150 μm oryzalin for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours and ploidy analyzed via flow cytometry. As treatment duration increased, recovery of diploids decreased as mixoploids and shoot mortality increased. Two tetraploid shoots occurred in the 24-hour treatment. Four tetraploids and two cytochimeras were stabilized in total. Tetraploids flowered sparsely; however, cytochimeras flowered profusely and these were used to study fertility at the tetraploid level. Diploid ×Chitalpa `Pink Dawn' pollen was essentially nonviable, but cytochimera pollen stained and germinated equal to or greater than pollen of C. bignonioides and C. linearis `Bubba'. Cytochimera ×Chitalpa were selfed yielding tetraploid seedlings, crossed with C. bignonioides to yield triploids, but failed in reciprocal crosses with C. linearis `Bubba' and `Burgundy Lace'. To increase recovery of triploids, germination of triploid and tetraploid embryos was investigated, as either intact ovules or excised embryos, on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) basal salts supplemented with sucrose at 20, 40, and 80 g·L-1, presence or absence of 2% coconut-water, and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 1, 2, or 4 μm, and harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after pollination (WAP). Germination of triploids (cytochimera ×Chitalpa × diploid C. bignonioides) and tetraploids (selfed cytochimera ×Chitalpa) were greatest with excised embryos at 7 WAP on SH supplemented with sucrose at 20 g·L-1 and ≥1 μm GA3. Germination of triploids (diploid C. linearis × cytochimera ×Chitalpa) was <5% at 4, 5, or 6 WAP on the same medium as above. Oryzalin effectively induced polyploidy and restored fertility in ×Chitalpa `Pink Dawn'. Successful crosses between hybrid and parental taxa of different ploidy levels, coupled with embryo culture will facilitate a ×Chitalpa breeding program. Chemical names used: 4(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin).}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Scientists}, author={Olsen, R.T. and Ranney, T.G. and Viloria, Z.}, year={2006}, pages={716–724} }
 @article{olsen_ranney_hodges_2006, title={Susceptibility of Catalpa, Chilopsis, and hybrids to powdery mildew and catalpa sphinx larvae}, volume={41}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Olsen, R. T. and Ranney, T. G. and Hodges, C. S.}, year={2006}, pages={1629–1634} }
 @article{ranney_fantz_2006, title={XGordlinia grandiflora (Theaceae): An intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia alatamaha and Gordonia lasianthus}, volume={41}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Fantz, P. R.}, year={2006}, pages={1386–1388} }
 @inproceedings{olsen_ranney_werner_2005, title={Heritability of ornamental foliage characteristics in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Hypericum androsaemum L}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report}, author={Olsen, R.T. and Ranney, T.G. and Werner, D.J.}, year={2005}, pages={648–650} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_mowrey_lynch_2005, title={Intergeneric hybrids between Gordonia lasianthus and Franklinia alatamaha}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Mowrey, J.A. and Lynch, N.P.}, year={2005}, pages={651–652} }
 @article{bell_ranney_eaker_sutton_2005, title={Resistance to fire blight among flowering pears and quince}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Bell, A. C. and Ranney, T. G. and Eaker, T. A. and Sutton, T. B.}, year={2005}, pages={413–415} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_mowrey_lynch_2005, title={Shiloh Splash’ river birch}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Mowrey, J.A. and Lynch, N.P.}, year={2005}, pages={653–655} }
 @inproceedings{contreras_ranney_tallury_milla_2005, title={Using molecular markers to investigate parentage of azaleodendron hybrids}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report}, author={Contreras, R.N. and Ranney, T.G. and Tallury, S.P. and Milla, S.R.}, year={2005}, pages={632–635} }
 @article{ranney_2004, title={A hybrid’s tale: A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia and Schima reunites ancient flora and enhances conservation efforts}, volume={199}, number={5}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2004}, pages={28–30} }
 @article{griffin_ranney_pharr_2004, title={Heat and drought influence photosynthesis, water relations, and soluble carbohydrates of two ecotypes of redbud (Cercis canadensis)}, volume={129}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Griffin, J. J. and Ranney, T. G. and Pharr, D. M.}, year={2004}, pages={497–502} }
 @inproceedings{contreras_ranney_2004, title={New opportunities for breeding allopolyploid azaleodendrons}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Contreras, R.N. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2004}, pages={552–554} }
 @article{griffin_ranney_pharr_2004, title={Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbohydrate content of Illicium taxa grown under varied irradiance}, volume={129}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Griffin, J. J. and Ranney, T. G. and Pharr, D. M.}, year={2004}, pages={46–53} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_2004, title={Population control: Developing non-invasive nursery crops}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2004}, pages={604–607} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_mowrey_lynch_2004, title={Propagating Betula nigra Shiloh Splash PPAF river birch}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Mowrey, J.A. and Lynch, Nathan P.}, year={2004}, pages={651–653} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_lynch_olsen_2004, title={Reproductive pathways among flowering crabapples}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 49th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Lynch, N.P. and Olsen, R.T.}, year={2004}, pages={575–579} }
 @inproceedings{eaker_t.g._viloria_mowrey_2004, title={Variation in ploidy level among birch taxa}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 49th Annual Report}, author={Eaker, T.A. and T.G., Ranney and Viloria, Z.J. and Mowrey, J.A.}, year={2004}, pages={548–551} }
 @inproceedings{olsen_ranney_2004, title={×Chitalpa: The next generation}, volume={54}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Olsen, R.T. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2004}, pages={578–582} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_fantz_parks_2003, title={A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia alatamaha and Schima argentea: ×Schimlinia floribunda (Theaceae)}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Fantz, P.R. and Parks, C.R.}, year={2003}, pages={608–609} }
 @article{holland_warren_ranney_2003, title={Evaluating recovery of Cupressaceae taxa after flooding at contrasting temperatures}, volume={21}, ISBN={0738-2898}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Holland, B. T. and Warren, S. L. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={2003}, pages={51} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_eaker_2003, title={Introducing ‘Venus' sweetshrub PPAF}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2003}, pages={505–507} }
 @inproceedings{bell_ranney_eaker_2003, title={Levels of endogenous phenolics and their possible role in resistance to fire blight in Malus taxa}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.33.5.862}, abstractNote={Japanese beetles (JB), Popillia japonica Newman, are destructive, highly polyphagous herbivores that show a general preference for Rosaceous plants. Choice and nochoice feeding assays were conducted to determine the level of resistance among 10 taxa of Malus spp. Mill. Under no-choice conditions, M. baccata (L.) Borkh. `Jackii', M. × `Hargozam' Harvest Gold and M. transitoria (Balatin) Schneider `Schmitcutleaf' Golden Raindrops were highly resistant, with <2 cm2 leaf area consumed in 24 hours. M. × `Radiant' was highly susceptible, with 7.6 cm2 consumed, and the remaining six cultivars were intermediate. Under choice conditions, eight taxa were resistant with <10% defoliation, M. × `Red Splendor' was intermediate with 26%, and M. × `Radiant' was susceptible with 73% defoliation. Feeding responses to eight individual phenolics were tested in artificial diets over a range from 0 to 100 mm. Phloridzin, phloretin, naringenin, and catechin were all feeding deterrents, whereas quercetin and rutin were feeding stimulants. Chlorogenic acid stimulated feeding at low concentrations and deterred feeding at higher concentrations (i.e., a peak response). Kaempferol had no effect. Analysis of endogenous foliar phenolics showed considerable variation in concentrations among taxa. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified phloridzin as the only endogenous phenolic that was significantly related to resistance under both choice and no-choice feeding conditions.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2003}, pages={221–225} }
 @inproceedings{adkins_werner_ranney_2003, title={Prospects for genetically modified ornamental plants}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report}, author={Adkins, J.A. and Werner, D.J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2003}, pages={502–504} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_2003, title={Re-inventing sweetshrubs}, volume={53}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2003}, pages={522–524} }
 @inproceedings{olsen_ranney_eaker_2003, title={Reproductive behavior of diploid and allopolyploid ×Chitalpa tashketensis}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report}, author={Olsen, R.T. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2003}, pages={513–516} }
 @article{ranney_eaker_fantz_parks_2003, title={Schimlinia floribunda (Theaceae): A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia alatamaha and Schima argentea}, volume={38}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Eaker, T. A. and Fantz, P. R. and Parks, C. R.}, year={2003}, pages={1198–1200} }
 @inproceedings{eaker_ranney_olsen_mowrey_2003, title={Variation in ploidy level among flowering crabapples}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report}, author={Eaker, T.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Olsen, R.T. and Mowrey, J.A.}, year={2003}, pages={496–499} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_ranney_2002, title={Photosynthetic capacity of Illicium parviflorum and I. floridanum exposed to high irradiance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 47th Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2002}, pages={429–432} }
 @inproceedings{bell_ranney_eaker_2002, title={Role of endogenous phenolics in resistance to fire blight}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 47th Annual Report}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2002}, pages={202–206} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_allen_allen_fountain_2002, title={Summer Cascade’ river birch}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 47th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Allen, J.D. and Allen, D.A. and Fountain, M.O.}, year={2002}, pages={624–626} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_ranney_2001, title={Comparative light tolerance among taxa of Illicium}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2001}, pages={525–527} }
 @article{bell_ranney_eaker_sutton_2001, title={Evaluating fire blight resistance among flowering crabapples (Malus spp.) and Pears (Pyrus spp.)}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={Landscape Plant News}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Sutton, T.B.}, year={2001}, pages={2–7} }
 @inproceedings{lasseigne_warren_blazich_ranney_2001, title={Heat and flooding stresses in Taxus and Cephalotaxus}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Lasseigne, F.T. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2001}, pages={490–491} }
 @inproceedings{holland_warren_ranney_2001, title={Improving adaptability of Cupressaceae with stress-tolerant rootstocks}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Holland, B.T. and Warren, S.L. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2001}, pages={492–496} }
 @article{dunwell_fare_arnold_tilt_knox_witte_knight_pooler_klingeman_niemiera_et al._2001, title={Plant evaluation program for nursery crops and landscape systems by the Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27}, volume={11}, DOI={10.21273/horttech.11.3.373}, abstractNote={The Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27 (SERA/IEG-27) is sponsored by the Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Thirteen universities and the U.S. National Arboretum cooperate with official representatives from extension and research programs. The objective of the group is to identify, evaluate, select, and disseminate information on superior, environmentally sustainable, landscape plants for nursery crop production and landscape systems in the southeastern U.S. Plants are distributed to members responding to a request from cooperators for plant evaluation. Those who agree to cooperate are expected to grow the selected liner to landscape size, then transplant it in a landscape setting. The plant is rated for insect, disease, and cold damage, heat stress, growth rate, ornamental flowering and fruiting, fall color, commercial production potential, landscape potential, invasiveness potential, and insect disease transmission potential. Growth rate is evaluated annually by recording plant height and width. Initial bloom date is reported followed by bloom duration in days. Following evaluation, the group collectively and individually disseminates information gained from the plant evaluation system to a wide variety of audiences.}, number={3}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Dunwell, W.C. and Fare, D. and Arnold, M.A. and Tilt, K. and Knox, G. and Witte, W. and Knight, P. and Pooler, M. and Klingeman, W. and Niemiera, A. and et al.}, year={2001}, pages={373–375} }
 @inproceedings{holland_warren_ranney_eaker_2001, title={Rootstock selection and graft compatibility of Chamaecyparis species}, volume={51}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Holland, B.T. and Warren, S.L. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A.}, year={2001}, pages={461–465} }
 @inproceedings{bell_ranney_eaker_sutton_2001, title={Searching for fire blight resistance in flowering pears (Pyrus spp.)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Sutton, T.B.}, year={2001}, pages={268–271} }
 @inproceedings{witt_ranney_warren_2001, title={Utilizing natural plant metabolites as feeding deterrents for adult Japanese beetles}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report}, author={Witt, J.D. and Ranney, T.G. and Warren, S.L.}, year={2001}, pages={228–232} }
 @inproceedings{bell_ranney_eaker_sutton_2000, title={Controlled screening of flowering pears and crabapples for resistance to fire blight}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Sutton, T.B.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_ranney_2000, title={Effects of heat and drought on photosynthesis in redbuds}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 45th Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={2000}, pages={464–467} }
 @inproceedings{bell_ranney_eaker_sutton_2000, title={Evaluating fire blight resistance among flowering crabapples (Malus spp.)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 45th Annual Report}, author={Bell, A.C. and Ranney, T.G. and Eaker, T.A. and Sutton, T.B.}, year={2000}, pages={244–248} }
 @article{marini_anderson_autio_barritt_cline_cowgill_crassweller_domoto_ferree_garner_et al._2000, title={Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on 18 dwarf rootstocks: A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 dwarf rootstock trial}, volume={54}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Pomological Society}, author={Marini, R.P. and Anderson, J.L. and Autio, W.R. and Barritt, B.H. and Cline, J. and Cowgill, W.P., Jr. and Crassweller, R.M. and Domoto, P.A. and Ferree, D.C. and Garner, J. and et al.}, year={2000}, pages={92–107} }
 @article{marini_anderson_barritt_brown_cline_cowgill_domoto_ferree_garner_greene_et al._2000, title={Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on four semi-dwarf rootstocks: A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 semi-dwarf rootstock trial}, volume={54}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Pomological Society}, author={Marini, R.P. and Anderson, J.L. and Barritt, B.H. and Brown, G.R. and Cline, J. and Cowgill, W.P., Jr. and Domoto, P.A. and Ferree, D.C. and Garner, J. and Greene, G.M. and et al.}, year={2000}, pages={84–91} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_2000, title={Polyploidy: From evolution to landscape plant improvement}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={2000} }
 @article{witt_warren_ranney_baker_1999, title={Biorational and conventional plant protectants reduce feeding by adult Japanese beetles}, volume={17}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Witt, J.D. and Warren, S.L. and Ranney, T.G. and Baker, J.R.}, year={1999}, pages={203–206} }
 @article{jull_ranney_blazich_1999, title={Heat tolerance of selected provenances of Atlantic white cedar}, volume={124}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.124.5.492}, abstractNote={Seedlings of six provenances of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] (Escambia Co., Ala., Santa Rosa Co., Fla., Wayne Co., N.C., Burlington Co., N.J., New London Co., Conn., and Barnstable Co., Mass.) were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under 16-hour photoperiods with 16-hour days/8-hour nights of 22/18 °C, 26/22 °C, 30/26 °C, 34/30 °C or 38/34 °C. Considerable variation in height, foliage color, and overall plant size was observed among plants from the various provenances. Seedlings from the two most northern provenances (Massachusetts and Connecticut) were most heat sensitive as indicated by decreasing growth rates at temperature regimes >22/18 °C. In contrast, plants from New Jersey and the three southern provenances (North Carolina, Florida, and Alabama) exhibited greater heat tolerance as indicated by steady or increasing growth rates and greater top and root dry weights as temperature regimes increased above 22/18 °C. Growth rates of seedlings from the four aforementioned provenances decreased rapidly at temperature regimes >30/26 °C suggesting low species tolerance to high temperatures. There were no significant differences in seedling dry matter production among provenances when temperature regimes were ≥34/30 °C. Net shoot photosynthesis and dark respiration of plants did not vary by provenance; however, net photosynthesis was temperature sensitive and decreased at temperature regimes >26/22 °C. Foliar respiration rates increased as temperature increased from 22/18 °C to 26/22 °C, but then remained relatively constant or decreased at higher temperature regimes. Plants at temperatures ≥34/30 °C exhibited severe stunting, chlorosis, and necrosis on branch tips. However, tissue concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn generally increased with temperature regimes >30/26 °C indicating that mineral nutrient concentration was not a limiting factor at high temperatures.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Jull, LG and Ranney, TG and Blazich, FA}, year={1999}, month={Sep}, pages={492–497} }
 @article{griffin_warren_blazich_ranney_1999, title={Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Thuja x ‘Green Giant’}, volume={17}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1999}, pages={76–79} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_warren_blazich_1999, title={Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Thuja x ‘Green Giant’}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 44th Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A.}, year={1999}, pages={42–45} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_1999, title={Propagation of Magnolia virginiana ‘Santa Rosa’ by semi-hardwood cuttings}, volume={17}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1999}, pages={47–48} }
 @article{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1999, title={Propagation of Quercus myrsinifolia and Q. canbyi by stem cuttings}, volume={189}, number={2}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1999}, pages={90–91} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_1999, title={Shading and IBA treatment does not improve rooting of stem cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides ‘Emerald Sentinel’}, volume={17}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1999}, pages={123–125} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_warren_1999, title={The Big Green}, volume={190}, number={9}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Warren, S.L.}, year={1999}, pages={68–72} }
 @article{witt_ranney_warren_baker_1998, title={Biorational plant protectants for controlling adult Japanese beetles}, volume={43}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Witt, J. D. and Ranney, T. G. and Warren, S. L. and Baker, J. R.}, year={1998}, pages={175–178} }
 @article{benson_ranney_parker_1998, title={Evaluation of Photinia spp. For resistance to entomosporium leaf spot, 1996, 1997}, volume={13}, number={1998}, journal={Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases}, author={Benson, D. M. and Ranney, T. G. and Parker, K. C.}, year={1998}, pages={68} }
 @article{lasseigne_warren_blazich_ranney_1998, title={Heat tolerance in perennial salvias}, volume={43}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Lasseigne, F. T. and Warren, S. L. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1998}, pages={442–445} }
 @article{cote_warren_ranney_1998, title={Improving European beech adaptability for the Southeastern United States with stress-tolerant rootstocks}, volume={43}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Cote, K. D. and Warren, S. L. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1998}, pages={337–339} }
 @article{nyczepir_bertrand_parker_meyer_zehr_1998, title={Interplanting Wheat Is Not an Effective Postplant Management Tactic for Criconemella xenoplaxin Peach Production}, volume={82}, ISSN={0191-2917}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.573}, DOI={10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.573}, abstractNote={ In two orchard experiments, interplanting wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Stacy) around either newly planted or 4-year-old well-established peach trees did not suppress (P ≤ 0.05) the population density of the ring nematode, Criconemella xenoplax, after 3 years. Furthermore, inter-planting wheat around newly planted trees reduced tree growth, perhaps the result of competition for water and (or) nutrients. Wheat root exudate was not as attractive to C. xenoplax as peach root exudate, but wheat root exudate did not repel the nematode either. Stacy wheat appeared to be more beneficial as a preplant rather than as a postplant ground cover management tool for suppressing the population density of C. xenoplax. }, number={5}, journal={Plant Disease}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Nyczepir, A. P. and Bertrand, P. F. and Parker, M. L. and Meyer, J. R. and Zehr, E. I.}, year={1998}, month={May}, pages={573–577} }
 @article{fulcher_ranney_burton_walgenbach_danehower_1998, title={Natural resistance of Malus to adult Japanese beetles}, volume={188}, number={10}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Fulcher, A. F. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F. and Danehower, D. A.}, year={1998}, pages={56–57} }
 @article{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1998, title={Natural resistance of Prunus to adult Japanese beetles}, volume={187}, number={10}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Patton, C. A. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1998}, pages={70–71} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_1998, title={Propagation of Magnolia virginiana 'Santa Rosa' by semihardwood cuttings}, volume={43}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J. J. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1998}, pages={340–343} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_blazich_ranney_1998, title={Propagation of Magnolia virginiana ‘Santa Rosa’ by semihardwood cuttings}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 43rd Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1998}, pages={340–343} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_1998, title={Propagation of Thuja x 'Green Giant' by stem cuttings: effects of growth stage, type of cutting, and IBA treatment}, volume={16}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Griffin, J. J. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1998}, pages={212–214} }
 @article{fulcher_ranney_burton_walgenbach_danehower_1998, title={Role of foliar phenolics in host plant resistance of Malus taxa to adult Japanese beetles}, volume={33}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Fulcher, A. F. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F. and Danehower, D. A.}, year={1998}, pages={862–865} }
 @article{ranney_1998, title={Testing hollies for tolerance to flooding and high temperatures}, volume={187}, number={4}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Ranney, T. G.}, year={1998}, pages={50–51} }
 @article{bir_ranney_conner_1997, title={Carryover affects of sumagic treatments on Kalmia latifolia cultivars}, volume={42}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Bir, R. E. and Ranney, T. G. and Conner, J. L.}, year={1997}, pages={330–331} }
 @article{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1997, title={Feeding responses of Japanese beetles to naturally occurring metabolites found in rosaceous plants}, volume={15}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Patton, C. A. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1997}, pages={222–227} }
 @article{ranney_ruter_1997, title={Foliar heat tolerance of three holly species (Ilex spp.): Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange to supraoptimal leaf temperatures}, volume={122}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.122.4.499}, abstractNote={Temperature sensitivity of CO2 assimilation (ACO2), dark respiration, and chlorophyll fluorescence was evaluated among three taxa of hollies including I. aquifolium L., I. cornuta Lindl. & Paxt., and I. rugosa Friedr. Schmidt. Variations in foliar heat tolerance among these species were manifested in temperature responses for ACO2. Temperature optima of ACO2 for I. rugosa, I. cornuta, and I. aquifolium were 22.0, 26.3, and 27.9 °C, respectively (LSD0.05 = 2.9). Temperature responses of respiration were similar among taxa and did not appear to be contributing factors to variations in ACO2. At 40 °C, potential photosynthetic capacity, measured under saturating CO2, was 4.1, 9.4, and 14.8 μmol·m-2·s-1 for I. rugosa, I. aquifolium, and I. cornuta, respectively (LSD0.05 = 5.1). Variations in the relative dark-acclimated fluorescence temperature curves were used to assess thresholds for irreversible heat injury. The critical fluorescence temperature threshold (TC) was similar (48.0 °C) for all taxa. The fluorescence temperature peaks (TP) were 52.0, 52.8, and 53.5 °C for I. rugosa, I. cornuta, and I. aquifolium, respectively (LSD0.05 = 0.9). Based on these results, I. rugosa was the most heat-sensitive species, followed by I. aquifolium and I. cornuta. Ilex cornuta also had substantially greater potential photosynthetic capacity than the other species at 40 °C, indicating superior metabolic tolerance to high temperatures.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Ranney, TG and Ruter, JM}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={499–503} }
 @article{ranney_1997, title={Going to extremes: testing hollies for tolerance to environmental stresses}, volume={15}, number={1}, journal={Holly Society Journal}, author={Ranney, T. G.}, year={1997}, pages={5–11} }
 @article{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Micropropagation of Stewartia pseudocamellia}, volume={15}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={McGuigan, P. J. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1997}, pages={65–68} }
 @article{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1997, title={Natural pest resistance of Prunus taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetles: Role of endogenous allelochemicals in host plant resistance}, volume={122}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Patton, C. A. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1997}, pages={668–672} }
 @article{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1997, title={Naturally occurring pesticides found in cherry trees}, volume={31}, number={6}, journal={Nursery Notes (North Carolina Association of Nurserymen)}, author={Patton, C. A. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1997}, pages={83} }
 @article{stubbs_warren_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Cupressus arizonica var. glabra 'Carolina Sapphire'}, volume={15}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Stubbs, H. L. and Warren, S. L. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1997}, pages={80–83} }
 @article{stubbs_warren_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Cupressus arizonica varglabra ‘Carolina Sapphire’}, volume={15}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Stubbs, H.L. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1997}, pages={80–83} }
 @article{barritt_barden_cline_granger_kushad_marini_parker_perry_robinson_unrath_et al._1997, title={Performance of 'Gala" at year 5 with eight apple rootsticks in an 8-Location North American NC-140 trial}, volume={11}, ISSN={0567-7572 2406-6168}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.451.11}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.1997.451.11}, number={451}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, publisher={International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)}, author={Barritt, B.H. and Barden, J.A. and Cline, J. and Granger, R.L. and Kushad, M.M. and Marini, R.P. and Parker, M. and Perry, R.L. and Robinson, T. and Unrath, C.R. and et al.}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={129–136} }
 @article{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Propagation of Quercus phillyreoides by stem cuttings}, volume={185}, number={8}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={McGuigan, P. J. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1997}, pages={72–73} }
 @article{griffin_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Propagation of Thuja x 'Green Giant' by hardwood cuttings}, volume={42}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J. J. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G.}, year={1997}, pages={297–298} }
 @inproceedings{griffin_blazich_ranney_1997, title={Propagation of Thuja x ‘Green Giant’ by hardwood cuttings}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 42nd Annual Report}, author={Griffin, J.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1997}, pages={297–298} }
 @article{stubbs_blazich_ranney_warren_1997, title={Propagation of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ smooth Arizona cypress by stem cuttings: Effects of growth stage, type of cutting, and IBA treatment}, volume={15}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Stubbs, H.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Warren, S.L.}, year={1997}, pages={61–64} }
 @article{stubbs_blazich_ranney_warren_1997, title={Propogation of 'Carolina Sapphire' smooth Arizona cypress by  stem cuttings: effects of growth stage, type of cutting, and IBA treatment.}, volume={15}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Stubbs, H. L. and Blazich, F. A. and Ranney, T. G. and Warren, S. L.}, year={1997}, pages={61–64} }
 @article{ranney_powell_1997, title={Recommended trees for urban landscapes: proven performers for difficult sites}, number={1997}, journal={(Leaflet (North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service);  8167)}, publisher={Raleigh, N.C.: N.C. Cooperative Extension Service,  North Carolina State University}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Powell, M. A.}, year={1997}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{fulcher_ranney_burton_walgenbach_danehower_1997, title={The role of endogenous phenolics in host plant resistance among Malus taxa to Japanese beetles}, volume={42}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen's Association Research Conference Annual Report}, author={Fulcher, A. F. and Ranney, T. G. and Burton, J. D. and Walgenbach, J. F. and Danehower, D. A.}, year={1997}, pages={68–70} }
 @article{bir_ranney_1996, title={Conditional guarantee}, volume={184}, number={9}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={36–39} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_whitman_1996, title={Efficacy of pyrethroid products, rates and formulations on control of adult Japanese beetle feeding}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Whitman, E.P.}, year={1996}, pages={151–153} }
 @inproceedings{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1996, title={Micropropagation of Stewartia pseudocamellia}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={228} }
 @inproceedings{fulcher_ranney_burton_walgenbach_maness_1996, title={Natural resistance to Japanese beetles among Malus taxa: Role of endogenous foliar phenolics}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Fulcher, A.F. and Ranney, T.G. and Burton, J.D. and Walgenbach, J.F. and Maness, E.P.}, year={1996}, pages={57–60} }
 @inproceedings{stubbs_warren_blazich_ranney_tyler_1996, title={Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Cupressus arizonica varglabra ‘Carolina Sapphire’.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Stubbs, H.L. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Tyler, H.H.}, year={1996}, pages={116–117} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_1996, title={Pest resistant landscape plants}, volume={46}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={602–604} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_jones_1996, title={Pest resistant shrub roses: The rest of the story}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G. and Jones, R.K.}, year={1996}, pages={278–279} }
 @article{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1996, title={Propagating Quercus phillyreoides by stem cutting}, volume={14}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={77–81} }
 @inproceedings{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1996, title={Propagation of Quercus myrsinifolia and Quercus canbyi by stem cutting}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={230–231} }
 @article{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1996, title={Propagation of Quercus myrsinifolia and Quercus canbyi by stem cuttings}, volume={14}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={217–220} }
 @inproceedings{stubbs_blazich_ranney_warren_1996, title={Propagation of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ smooth Arizona cypress by stem cuttings: Effects of growth stage, type of cutting and IBA treatment}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Stubbs, H.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Warren, S.L.}, year={1996}, pages={229} }
 @article{curtis_ranney_blazich_whitman_1996, title={Rooting and subsequent overwinter survival of stem cuttings of Stewartia ovata}, volume={14}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Curtis, D.L. and Ranney, T.G. and Blazich, F.A. and Whitman, E.P.}, year={1996}, pages={163–166} }
 @article{rowe_blazich_warren_ranney_1996, title={Taking the heat: Research explores whether more heat-tolerant rhododendrons can be found in certain native populations of Rhododendron catawbiense}, volume={183}, number={12}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Rowe, D.B. and Blazich, F.A. and Warren, S.L. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={39–43} }
 @inproceedings{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1996, title={The role of cyanide in host plant resistance to Japanese beetle}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 41st Annual Report}, author={Patton, C.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Burton, J.D. and Walgenbach, J.F.}, year={1996}, pages={89–92} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_1996, title={Unnatural plant selection: Screening for stress tolerant plants}, booktitle={Proceedings of the symposium on landscape plants - Exploration, breeding, evaluation}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1996}, pages={29–33} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_whitman, ii_bir_1995, title={Effects of copper hydroxide-treated containers and water-reservoir containers on root and shoot growth of four tree species}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Whitman, II, E.P. and Bir, R.E.}, year={1995}, pages={122–124} }
 @inproceedings{patton_ranney_burton_walgenbach_1995, title={Efficacy of naturally occurring feeding deterrents endogenous to rosaceous trees on Japanese beetle}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={Patton, C.A. and Ranney, T.G. and Burton, J.D. and Walgenbach, J.F.}, year={1995}, pages={191–193} }
 @inproceedings{ruth_ranney_whitman_1995, title={Flood tolerant hollies: Qualifiers for quagmires}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={Ruth, C.D. and Ranney, T.G. and Whitman, E.P.}, year={1995}, pages={77–80} }
 @article{ranney_whitman_e._1995, title={Growth and survival of 'Whitespire' birch grafted on rootstocks of five species of birch}, volume={30}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.30.3.521}, abstractNote={A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate growth and survival of trees grafted onto five species of birch rootstocks. `Whitespire' Japanese birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara.) was grafted onto paper birch (B. papyrifera Marsh), European birch (B. pendula Roth), river birch (B. nigra L.), Szechuan birch [B. szechuanica (C. Schneid.) Janson], and `Whitespire' Japanese birch rootstocks and grown under field conditions. Trees grafted onto river, European, paper, and `Whitespire' birch rootstocks had similar (100% to 60%) survival rates. Trees on Szechuan rootstock had a survival rate of 30%, which was lower than that of all other rootstocks, except `Whitespire'. `Whitespire' scions grafted onto European birch rootstocks had thicker trunks, were higher, and had wider canopies than trees grafted onto `Whitespire' rootstocks. Trees on river birch rootstocks also had thicker trunks but similar tree heights and canopy widths as trees grafted onto `Whitespire'. `Whitespire' Japanese birch rootstocks produced more rootstock suckers than any of the other rootstocks, while trees on river birch rootstocks had the most frost cracks. No signs of graft incompatibility were observed for any of the graft combinations. These results demonstrate that growth of `Whitespire' birch can be enhanced by grafting this cultivar on rootstocks of other species, including European and river birch.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, Thomas and Whitman and E., P.}, year={1995}, pages={521–522} }
 @article{ranney_blazich_warren_1995, title={HEAT TOLERANCE OF SELECTED SPECIES AND POPULATIONS OF RHODODENDRON}, volume={120}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.120.3.423}, abstractNote={Temperature sensitivity of net photosynthesis (PN) was evaluated among four taxa of rhododendron including Rhododendron hyperythrum Hayata, R. russatum Balf. & Forr., and plants from two populations (northern and southern provenances) of R. catawbiense Michx. Measurements were conducted on leaves at temperatures rauging from 15 to 40C. Temperature optima for PN ranged from a low of 20C for R. russatum to a high of 25C for R. hyperythrum. At 40C, PN rates for R. hyperythrum, R. catawbiense (northern provenance), R. catawbiense (southern provenance), and R. russatum were 7.8,5.7,3.5, and 0.2 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively (LSD0.05 = 1.7). Rhododendron catawbiense from the southern provenance did not appear to have greater heat tolerance than plants from the northern provenance. Differences in dark respiration among taxa were related primarily to differences in tissue weight per unit leaf surface area. Temperature coefficients (Q5) for respiration did not vary in temperature response among taxa. Differences in heat tolerance appeared to result from a combination of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations on PN at high temperatures.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={RANNEY, TG and BLAZICH, FA and WARREN, SL}, year={1995}, month={May}, pages={423–428} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_walgenbach_burton_maness_pharr_1995, title={Natural resistance to eastern tent caterpillar among rosaceous trees}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Walgenbach, J.F. and Burton, J.D. and Maness, E.P. and Pharr, D.M.}, year={1995}, pages={201–204} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_jones_shelton_1995, title={No-spray rose trial}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G. and Jones, R.K. and Shelton, J.E.}, year={1995}, pages={320–322} }
 @article{ranney_bir_1995, title={North Carolina urban tree evaluation program}, volume={6}, journal={Landscape Plant News}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bir, R.E.}, year={1995}, pages={9–10} }
 @inproceedings{mcguigan_blazich_ranney_1995, title={Propagation of Quercus phillyreoides by stem cuttings}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report}, author={McGuigan, P.J. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1995}, pages={272–273} }
 @article{ranney_grand_knighten_1995, title={Susceptibility of cultivars and hybrids of kousa dogwood to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew}, volume={21}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Arboriculture}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Grand, L. F. and Knighten, J. L.}, year={1995}, pages={11} }
 @article{ranney_bir_1994, title={COMPARATIVE FLOOD TOLERANCE OF BIRCH ROOTSTOCKS}, volume={119}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.119.1.43}, abstractNote={The potential for enhancing flood tolerance of birches by using better adapted rootstock was evaluated. Survival, growth, and physiological responses were compared among flooded and nonflooded container-grown Japanese birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara. `Whitespire') trees grafted onto each of four rootstock: paper birch (B. papyrifera Marsh), European birch (B.pendula Roth.), river birch (B. nigra L.), and `Whitespire' Japanese birch. Separate studies were conducted in Fall 1991 and Spring 1992. Results showed no consistent differences in net photosynthesis (Pn) or survival among nonflooded plants regardless of rootstock or season, nor, were any symptoms of graft incompatibility evident. Flooding the root system for as long as 44 days revealed considerable differences among the four rootstock, with similar trends for fall and spring. Plants on river birch rootstock typically had one of the highest P rates and stomatal conductance (g,) and, in certain cases, greater mean shoot growth rates and survival of plants subjected to prolonged flooding. Although plants with European birch rootstock had survival rates similar to those of plants with river birch rootstock, plants on European birch rootstock had lower Pn under prolonged flooding, fewer late-formed roots, lower root-tip density after flooding, more abscissed leaves, and greater inhibition of shoot growth of plants flooded the previous fall. Paper and Japanese birch rootstock were most sensitive to flooding and had the lowest survival rate after flooding. However, plants on paper birch rootstock were the only plants whose Pn did not increase significantly when flooding ended; they had the most abscissed leaves during spring flooding and the greatest inhibition of shoot growth in the spring after flooding the previous fall. The four rootstock ranked from most to least flood tolerant were river > European > Japanese > paper.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={RANNEY, TG and BIR, RE}, year={1994}, month={Jan}, pages={43–48} }
 @article{ranney_1994, title={Differential tolerance of eleven Prunus taxa to root zone flooding}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Ranney, T. G.}, year={1994}, pages={138} }
 @article{whitman_ranney_1994, title={Growth and survival of 'Whitespire' Japanese birch grafted on five species of birch rootstocks}, volume={28}, number={5}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Whitman, E.P. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1994}, pages={55} }
 @inproceedings{whitman_ranney_1994, title={Growth and survival of 'Whitespire' birch grafted on five species of birch rootstocks}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 39th Annual Report}, author={Whitman, E.P. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1994}, pages={162–164} }
 @article{ranney_peet_1994, title={Heat Tolerance of Five Taxa of Birch (Betula): Physiological Responses to Supraoptimal Leaf Temperatures}, volume={119}, ISSN={0003-1062 2327-9788}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.2.243}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.119.2.243}, abstractNote={Leaf gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were used as indexes for evaluating heat tolerance among five taxa of birch: paper (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), European (B. pendula Roth.), Japanese (B. platyphylla var. japonica Hara. cv. Whitespire), Himalayan (B. jacquemontii Spach.), and river (B. nigra L. cv. Heritage). Gas-exchange measurements were conducted on individual leaves at temperatures ranging from 25 to 40C. River birch maintained the highest net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at high temperatures, while Pn of paper birch was reduced the most. Further study of river and paper birch indicated that the reduced Pn at high temperatures and the differential sensitivity between taxa resulted from several factors. Inhibition of Pn at higher temperatures was due largely to nonstomatal limitations for both taxa. Increases in respiration rates, decreases in maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (FV/FM), and possible reductions in light energy directed to PS II (F0 quenching) were apparent for both taxa. The capacity of river birch to maintain greater Pn at higher temperatures seemed to result from a lower Q10 for dark respiration and possibly greater thermotolerance of the Calvin cycle as indicated by a lack of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching with increasing temperatures. Thermal injury, as indicated by a rapid increase in minimal, dark-acclimated (F0) fluorescence, was not evident for either paper or river birch until temperatures reached ≈49C and was similar for both taxa.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Ranney, Thomas G. and Peet, Mary M.}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={243–248} }
 @article{ranney_walgenbach_1994, title={Natural resistance of birch, cherry, and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetles}, volume={179}, number={2}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Walgenbach, J.F.}, year={1994}, pages={89–93} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_grand_knighten_1994, title={Resistance of Cornus kousa taxa to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 39th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Grand, L.F. and Knighten, J.L.}, year={1994}, pages={212–216} }
 @article{ranney_blazich_1994, title={Rooting euscaphis: Preliminary data}, volume={28}, number={5}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Blazich, F.A.}, year={1994}, pages={62–63} }
 @article{rowe_warren_blazich_ranney_1994, title={Seed germination of three provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense: Influence of light and temperature}, volume={12}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Rowe, D.B. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1994}, pages={155–158} }
 @inproceedings{rowe_blazich_warren_ranney_1994, title={Seed germination of three provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense: Influence of light and temperature}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 39th Annual Report}, author={Rowe, D.B. and Blazich, F.A. and Warren, S.L. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1994}, pages={24–26} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_grand_knighten_1994, title={Susceptibility of Cornus kousa cultivars and hybrids to anthracnose and powdery mildew}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA)}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Grand, L.F. and Knighten, J.L.}, year={1994}, pages={21–27} }
 @article{ranney_grand_knighten_1994, title={Susceptibility of cultivars and hybrids of kousa dogwood to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew}, volume={28}, number={5}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Grand, L.F. and Knighten, J.L.}, year={1994}, pages={42–43} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_bir_1994, title={The North Carolina urban tree evaluation program}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 39th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bir, R.E.}, year={1994}, pages={347–348} }
 @article{ranney_bir_conner_whitman_e. p._1994, title={Use of paclobutrazol to regulate shoot growth and flower development of 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Bir, R. E. and Conner, J. L. and Whitman and E. P.}, year={1994}, pages={174} }
 @article{ranney_bir_1994, title={Use of paclobutrazol to regulate shoot growth and flower development of 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron}, volume={12}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bir, R.E.}, year={1994}, pages={174–178} }
 @article{ranney_bir_conner_whitmann_1994, title={Use of paclobutrazol to regulate shoot growth and flower development of 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron}, volume={28}, number={5}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bir, R.E. and Conner, J.L. and Whitmann, E.P.}, year={1994}, pages={67–73} }
 @article{bir_ranney_1993, title={Chemical control of basal sprouts on river birch}, volume={178}, number={8}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={105–107} }
 @inproceedings{thetford_warren_blazich_ranney_1993, title={Effects of uniconazole on photosynthesis, dark respiration and water use efficiency of 'Spectabilis' forsythia}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report}, author={Thetford, M. and Warren, S.L. and Blazich, F.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={27–29} }
 @article{bir_ranney_1993, title={Feeding the soil. Just how effective are organic soil amendments?}, volume={177}, number={10}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={69–80} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_1993, title={Flood tolerant Prunus}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={383–385} }
 @article{ranney_1993, title={Natural resistance of birch, cherry and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetles}, volume={27}, number={2}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={7, 9–10} }
 @article{ranney_1993, title={Natural resistance of birch, cherry, and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetle}, volume={4}, number={1}, journal={Center for Development of Hardy Landscape Plants, Newsletter}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={4–7} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_bilderback_hoyt_1993, title={Practical research at North Carolina State University}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1993 Alabama Nurserymen's Association Summer Seminar}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G. and Bilderback, T.E. and Hoyt, G.D.}, year={1993} }
 @article{curtis_ranney_1993, title={Propagation and overwintering techniques of Stewartia ovata}, journal={1991-1992 Annual Report North Carolina Cooperative Program 14}, author={Curtis, D. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_1993, title={The effect of paclobutrazol (Bonzi) on shoot elongation and flower bud set of container grown 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1993}, pages={273–275} }
 @article{whitlow_bassuk_ranney_reichert_1992, title={An improved method for using electrolyte leakage to assess membrane competence in plant tissue}, volume={98}, DOI={10.1104/pp.98.1.198}, abstractNote={A new expression for ion leakage from plant tissue, the tissue ionic conductance (g(Ti)), is compared with electrical conductivity (EC) and a commonly used damage index (I(d)) to test the ability of each expression to correctly describe leakiness in two model systems representing examples of physiological processes with well-known effects on membrane permeability. In experiments in which drought-acclimated leaves were compared with nonacclimated leaves and senescing leaves were compared with nonsenescing leaves, I(d) contradicted our expectation that acclimated tissue would be less leaky than nonacclimated tissue, and g(Ti) and EC confirmed this expectation. In a comparison of senescing and nonsenescing tissue, I(d) again contradicted our expectation that senescing tissue would be more leaky than nonsenescing, and EC and g(Ti) were confirming. Using a diffusion analysis approach, we show that I(d) fails to account for variation in the concentration gradient between the tissue and the bathing solution and variation in the surface area through which efflux occurs. Furthermore, because I(d) is a parameter that relates treatment performance to control performance as a percentage value, it distorts the actual differences among treatments. The resulting artifacts lead to a presentation of membrane integrity which is probably incorrect. EC is a more direct measurement of net ion efflux and appears to be less vulnerable to artifact. However, because g(Ti) is the only expression that explicitly includes chemical driving force and tissue surface area, it is the most reliable of the three expressions.}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Whitlow, T.H. and Bassuk, N.L. and Ranney, T.G. and Reichert, D.L.}, year={1992}, pages={198–205} }
 @article{ranney_davidson_1992, title={Analysis of pressure-volume data using segmented, nonlinear regression algorithms}, volume={27}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.27.3.275}, abstractNote={where Ra is the apoplastic water fraction at saturation and is equal to 1 – X. When using the modified exponential equation for ψ p, differentiatio n of E will give: E = a + a&. The maximum E (determined at full turgor) can be easily calculated using the differentiated equation for E and by substituting A SAS program, with the general model using the aforementioned}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Davidson, D.}, year={1992}, pages={275} }
 @article{ranney_1992, title={Evaluation of production techniques and profitability of growing ornamental birches in Western North Carolina.}, journal={1990-1991 Annual Report North Carolina Cooperative Program 14}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1992} }
 @article{ranney_walgenbach_1992, title={Feeding preference of Japanese beetles for taxa of birch, cherry and crabapple}, volume={10}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Ranney, T. G. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1992}, pages={177} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_1992, title={Natural resistance of birch, cherry and crabapple to feeding by adult Japanese beetles}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 37th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1992}, pages={172–177} }
 @article{ranney_1992, title={News you can use: Selected abstracts relating to landscape horticulture}, journal={E-Mail distribution to ornamentals news group}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1992} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_1992, title={Suppression of basal sprouts on Betula nigra}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 37th Annual Report}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1992}, pages={236–237} }
 @article{ranney_powell_1992, title={Trees recommended for urban landscapes: Proven performers for difficult sites}, volume={176}, number={12}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Powell, M.A.}, year={1992}, pages={142–152} }
 @article{ranney_1991, title={Arborist's organizations and selected references}, journal={The Landscape Newsletter}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1991} }
 @article{ranney_bir_skroch_1991, title={COMPARATIVE DROUGHT RESISTANCE AMONG 6 SPECIES OF BIRCH (BETULA) - INFLUENCE OF MILD WATER-STRESS ON WATER RELATIONS AND LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE}, volume={8}, ISSN={["0829-318X"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/8.4.351}, abstractNote={Responses of plant water relations and leaf gas exchange to mild water stress were monitored and compared among six species of birch; monarch birch (Bet& manimowicziana Reg.), river birch (B. nigra L.), paper birch (I?. pupyrifera Marsh.), European white birch (B, pendula Roth.), ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch (B. platyphylla var. japonica Hara. ‘Whitespire’), and gray birch (B. populifolia Marsh.). Before imposition of water stress, ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch and river birch maintained the highest stomatal conductances and net rates of photosynthesis of the species examined. After irrigation was withheld, stomatal conductance and rate of net photosynthesis gradually declined for most species. After 28 days without irrigation, ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch maintained significantly higher stomatal conductance and rate of net photosynthesis than did the other species despite having one of the lowest midday water potentials. There was no evidence of osmotic adjustment by any of the species in response to the imposed drought. However, there was substantial variation in the water potential at the turgor loss point among the species, from a high of -1.34 MPa for river birch to a low of -1.78 MPa for ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch. Stomata1 conductance and net photosynthesis under mild water stress (average predawn leaf water potential of -0.6 1 MPa) were negatively correlated with leaf osmotic potential at full turgor and leaf water potential at the turgor loss point. Thus, the greater net photosynthesis of ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch under water stress compared with the other species appears to have resulted from a superior capacity to maintain turgor at low leaf water potentials, which in turn provided for greater stomatal conductance and CO2 uptake. These results indicate that ‘Whitespire’ Japanese birch is better adapted to dry sites than the other species.}, number={4}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={RANNEY, TG and BIR, RE and SKROCH, WA}, year={1991}, month={Jun}, pages={351–360} }
 @article{ranney_bassuk_whitlow_1991, title={Influence of rootstock, scion, and water deficits on growth of 'Colt' and 'Meteor' cherry trees}, volume={26}, journal={HortScience}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bassuk, N.L. and Whitlow, T.H.}, year={1991}, pages={1204–1207} }
 @article{ranney_bassuk_whitlow_1991, title={Osmotic adjustment and solute constituents in leaves and roots of water-stressed cherry trees}, volume={116}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.116.4.684}, abstractNote={Tissue osmotic potential(Ψπ) and solute constituents were evaluated in leaves and roots of well-watered and water-stressed Prunus avium L. × pseudocerasus Lindl. `Colt' and Prunus cerasus L. `Meteor'. Osmotic potential at full turgorΨπ,sat decreased in response to water stress for leaves and roots of both cultivars. For `Colt', a cultivar with an indeterminate growth habit,Ψπ,sat decreased by 0.56 MPa and 0.38 MPa for terminal expanding leaves and older expanded leaves, respectively. For `Meteor', a cultivar with a determinate growth habit,Ψπ,sat decreased by ≈0.47 MPa in both terminal and older leaves. RootΨπ,sat was alike for both cultivars and showed a similar decrease of 0.20 MPa in response to water stress. Roots had considerably higherΨπ,sat than did leaves in both cultivars, irrespective of irrigation treatment. Soluble carbohydrates and potassium (K+) were the major solute constituents in both cultivars. Of the soluble carbohydrates, sorbitol was found in the greatest concentration and accounted for the bulk of water stress-induced solute accumulation in both cultivars. Regardless of the irrigation treatment, mature leaves of `Meteor' consistently had lowerΨπ,sat (typically 0.4 MPa) than `Colt'. This variation in Ψπ,sat between Prunus cultivars suggests the potential for selection of cultivars with low Ψπ,sat and possibly superior drought resistance.}, journal={Journal of the American Society of Horticulture Science}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bassuk, N.L. and Whitlow, T.H.}, year={1991}, pages={684–688} }
 @article{ranney_1991, title={Superior crabapples for the landscape}, journal={Mountain Nursery Newsletter}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1991} }
 @inproceedings{bir_conner_ranney_1991, title={The effect of nitrogen application techniques on the growth of drip irrigated flowering dogwood, oriental dogwood, red maple and mountain laurel}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 36th Annual Report}, author={Bir, R.E. and Conner, J.L. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1991}, pages={148–151} }
 @inproceedings{bir_ranney_1991, title={The effect of organic soil amendments on the growth and development of Kalmia latifolia}, volume={41}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society}, author={Bir, R.E. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1991}, pages={311–314} }
 @article{ranney_bassuk_whitlow_1991, title={Turgor maintenance in leaves and roots of 'Colt' cherry trees in response to water stress}, volume={66}, journal={Journal of Horticulture Science}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bassuk, N.L. and Whitlow, T.H.}, year={1991}, pages={381–378} }
 @article{ranney_bassuk_whitlow_1990, title={Effects of transplanting practices on 'Colt' cherry}, volume={171}, journal={American Nurseryman}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bassuk, N.L. and Whitlow, T.H.}, year={1990}, pages={79–82} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_bir_skroch_1990, title={Evaluation and selection of drought resistant species of birch}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 35th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bir, R.E. and Skroch, W.A.}, year={1990}, pages={304–307} }
 @article{ranney_whitlow_bassuk_1990, title={RESPONSE OF 5 TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS TREE SPECIES TO WATER-STRESS}, volume={6}, ISSN={["0829-318X"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/6.4.439}, abstractNote={Gas exchange, tissue water relations, and leaf/root dry weight ratios were compared among young, container-grown plants of five temperate-zone, deciduous tree species (Acer negundo L., Betula papyrifera Marsh, Malus baccata Borkh, Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. There was a small decrease (mean reduction of 0.22 MPa across species) in the water potential at which turgor was lost (Psi(tlp)) in response to water stress. The Psi(tlp) for water-stressed plants was -1.18, -1.34, -1.61, -1.70, and -2.12 MPa for B. papyrifera, A. negundo, U. parvifolia, R. pseudoacacia, and M. baccata, respectively. Variation in Psi(tlp) resulted primarily from differences in tissue osmotic potential and not tissue elasticity. Rates of net photosynthesis declined in response to water stress. However, despite differences in Psi(tlp), there were no differences in net photosynthesis among water-stressed plants under the conditions of water stress imposed. In A. negundo and M. baccata, water use efficiency (net photosynthesis/transpiration) increased significantly in response to water stress. Comparisons among water-stressed plants showed that water use efficiency for M. baccata was greater than for B. papyrifera or U. parvifolia. There were no significant differences in water use efficiency among B. papyrifera, U. parvifolia, A. negundo, and R. pseudoacacia. Under water-stressed conditions, leaf/root dry weight ratios (an index of transpiration to absorptive capacity) ranged from 0.77 in R. pseudoacacia to 1.05 in B. papyrifera.}, number={4}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={RANNEY, TG and WHITLOW, TH and BASSUK, NL}, year={1990}, month={Dec}, pages={439–448} }
 @article{ranney_1990, title={The ornamental birches: A descriptive key}, journal={Mountain Nursery Newsletter}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1990} }
 @article{whitlow_bassuk_rakow_ranney_1989, title={Choosing ornamental trees for dry urban sites}, volume={129}, number={April}, journal={Grounds Maintenance}, author={Whitlow, T.H. and Bassuk, N.L. and Rakow, D.A. and Ranney, T.G.}, year={1989}, pages={20–25} }
 @article{ranney_bassuk_whitlow_1989, title={Effect of transplanting practices on growth and water relations of 'Colt' cherry trees during reestablishment}, volume={7}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Ranney, T.G. and Bassuk, N.L. and Whitlow, T.H.}, year={1989}, pages={41–45} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_1989, title={Evaluation and selection for drought resistance in selected woody plants}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 34th Annual Report}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1989}, pages={266–274} }
 @inproceedings{ranney_1988, title={Managing plant growth and water relations during transplanting}, booktitle={Proceeedings of the 6th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA)}, author={Ranney, T.G.}, year={1988}, pages={108–118} }
 @misc{ranney_eaker, title={Hybrid Calycanthus plant named 'Venus'}, volume={PP15,925}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Ranney, T. and Eaker, T.} }
 @article{lebude_jones_ranney_upchurch_conner, title={Setting new roots in an old tradition}, volume={43}, number={5}, journal={Nursery Notes}, author={LeBude, A.V. and Jones, J. and Ranney, T.G. and Upchurch, B. and Conner, J.}, pages={26–28} }