@article{price_slead_secoura_kendall_vaden_2023, title={Lesser vestibular periurethral gland-like inflammation associated with lower urinary tract signs in a female dog}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16889}, abstractNote={Abstract Case Description A 4‐year‐old female spayed mixed breed dog presented with a 2‐year history of painful urination and recurrent hematuria. Clinical Findings The dog had a large sensitive bladder, palpation of which was followed by painful urination. Pollakiuria accompanied by vocalization were noted during observation of voiding. Diagnostics Cystoscopy identified a focal, rounded expansion of epithelial tissue in the right lateral aspect of the urethral papilla containing purulent material consistent with an abscess. A sample submitted for culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Proteus mirabilis. Treatment and Outcome Purulent material was expelled by manual pressure during cystourethroscopy. Enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg PO q24h for 42 days) and carprofen (4.4 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 days) were initiated. Clinical signs resolved within 2 days. Clinical Relevance Inflammation in the region of the lesser vestibular paraurethral glands should be considered as a differential for female dogs presenting with chronic dysuria.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Price, Matthew and Slead, Tanner S. and Secoura, Patricia L. and Kendall, Allison R. and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{slead_callahan_schreeg_seiler_stowe_azcarate-peril_jacob_gookin_2023, title={Microbiome analysis of bile from apparently healthy cats and cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16852}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16852}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Bacterial infection of bile is a common cause of hepatobiliary disease in cats. Whether bile harbors a core microbiota in health or in cases of suspected hepatobiliary disease in cats is unknown. Objectives Establish if gallbladder bile in apparently healthy cats harbors a core microbiota composed of bacterial taxa common to many individuals. Compare results of bile cytology, bile culture, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in apparently healthy cats and cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Animals Forty‐three client‐owned cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease and 17 control cats. Methods Bile was collected by ultrasound guided cholecystocentesis (cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease) or laparotomy after euthanasia (controls). Bile samples underwent cytologic examination, aerobic and anaerobic culture, and DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Results Microbiome sequencing did not identify a core microbiota in control cats or cats having bile sampled because of clinical suspicion for hepatobiliary disease. Microbiome profiles from control cats were indistinguishable from profiles obtained from sampling instruments and reagents that were not exposed to bile (technical controls). Bacterial taxa that could not be explained by contamination or off‐target amplification were identified only in samples from cats with bactibilia and positive bile culture results for Escherichia coli. In several E. coli positive samples, microbiome sequencing also identified a small number of potentially co‐infecting bacterial genera not identified by culture. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cat bile does not harbor a core microbiota. Uncultured bacteria may contribute to pathogenesis of hepatobiliary disease in cats with bile E. coli infection.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Slead, Tanner S. and Callahan, Benjamin J. and Schreeg, Megan E. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Stowe, Devorah M. and Azcarate-Peril, Maria Andrea and Jacob, Megan E. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{slead_woolcock_scott-moncrieff_messick_moore_2022, title={Complete Blood Counts and Blood Smear Analyses in 312 Diabetic Dogs (2007-2017)}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7230}, abstractNote={Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs that has been associated with various biochemical changes and comorbid diseases, but hematologic abnormalities have been rarely reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate complete blood count and blood smear alterations and to describe their relationship with, and incidence of comorbid diseases in, diabetic dogs. Three-hundred twelve diabetic dogs, 286 dogs diagnosed with systemic, nondiabetic illnesses, and 506 healthy dogs were identified during the study period. Groups were compared using contingency tables and logistic regression. Associations between statistically significant complete blood count and blood smear alterations and comorbidities were evaluated using multivariable analysis. High-grade codocytosis and anisocytosis were identified more frequently in diabetic dogs, whereas high-grade reactive lymphocytosis and keratocytosis were identified less frequently (P < .001). Diabetic dogs with high-grade codocytosis had lower red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit and higher white blood cell counts (P < .001). Diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed more frequently in diabetic dogs with high-grade codocytosis when compared with those with low-grade codocytosis (P < .001) or when compared with any other cell morphologic alterations. This study suggests that blood smear analysis should be a routine part of the evaluation of diabetic dogs.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Slead, Tanner S. and Woolcock, Andrew D. and Scott-Moncrieff, J. Catharine and Messick, Joanne B. and Moore, George E.}, year={2022}, pages={180–188} }
 @article{slead_gremillion_cohen_tolbert_2022, title={Esophageal varices in dogs: A retrospective case series}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16355}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Esophageal varices (EV) are abnormally dilated veins in the esophagus caused by alterations of blood flow or pressure. Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is a major complication of hepatic disease in humans, but a lack of information exists regarding associated adverse events in dogs. Objective To describe the clinical manifestations and associated etiologies and outcomes of dogs with EV. Animals Twenty‐five client‐owned dogs with EV diagnosed via computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, or fluoroscopy. Methods Retrospective case series. Cases were identified by review of the hospital imaging records database between 2010 and 2020. Signalment, clinical signs, and outcomes were documented. When present, additional collateral vasculature was also recorded. Cases were subcategorized into suspected etiology based upon the anatomic location or absence of an attributable underlying disease process, as well as the direction of blood flow. Results Twenty‐four of 25 cases were identified via CT, with a prevalence of 0.012% (24/1950 total studies). Presenting clinical signs were nonspecific, and more likely because of the underlying cause as opposed to complications secondary to EV themselves. Etiologic anatomic locations were similar in occurrence between the abdomen (N = 14) and thorax (N = 11). All cases with an abdominal etiologic location had presumed or confirmed portal hypertension and 9/11 cases with a thoracic etiologic location had pulmonary, caval, or systemic hypertension. No cases died or were euthanized as a direct result of EV or associated hemorrhage. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Esophageal varices are rarely reported in dogs and commonly identified concurrently with portal, pulmonary, and caval hypertension. Hemorrhage is not a common clinical manifestation of EV.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Slead, Tanner S. and Gremillion, Christine L. and Cohen, Eli B. and Tolbert, M. Katherine}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }