@article{lapan_morais_wallace_barbieri_floyd_2021, title={Gender, work, and tourism in the Guatemalan Highlands}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1747-7646"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1952418}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2021.1952418}, abstractNote={Abstract While much of modern tourism research centers on the tourist as a leisure consumer, workers are frequently overlooked. Despite a recent uptick in attention to tourism work, the primary focus remains on employee’s skills and qualifications. In contrast, the key contextual factors of race, ethnicity, and gender that surround tourism work are seldom examined. This comparative study addresses the theme of traditional gender roles, particularly in patriarchal societies, and how they affect tourism work. Specifically, it investigates how the presence of tourism influences cultural norms determining appropriate jobs for men and women. Utilizing an ethnographic field research approach, data were collected from participants in two indigenous Maya communities in Guatemala, each with differing models and lengths of tourism development. Free-listing exercises were used to elicit residents’ perceptions of employment as it relates to gender in their community and cultural consensus analysis was used to analyze the data. Results show that neither community shares consensus on jobs for women and only one community shares consensus on men’s jobs. Results suggest that tourism disrupts cultural norms related to gender roles; yet this may not always benefit women.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Barbieri, Carla and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{peroff_morais_wallace_sills_2021, title={TOURISM MICROENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LAND STEWARDSHIP IN A TZ'UTUJIL MAYAN COFFEE COMMUNITY}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1943-4421"]}, DOI={10.3727/154427221X16098837280055}, abstractNote={This study examines how livelihood diversification through tourism microentrepreneurship may shape land stewardship among Mayan coffee farmers in Guatemala. Through a primarily qualitative approach assessing ecoliteracy and motivations towards environmental behaviors, data were collected
 among participants self-identifying as small-scale shade-grown coffee farmers involved in tourism microentrepreneurship in the community of San Juan la Laguna in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala. We found that, when facilitated through cooperatives, tourism microentrepreneurship and coffee farming
 jointly contributed to land stewardship and provided an opportunity for indigenous farmers to foster traditional relationships with the land.}, number={4}, journal={TOURISM REVIEW INTERNATIONAL}, author={Peroff, Deidre M. and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Sills, Erin}, year={2021}, pages={293–310} }
 @article{wallace_2020, title={Making Machu Picchu: The Politics of Tourism in Twentieth Century Peru}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1470-9856"]}, DOI={10.1111/blar.13161}, abstractNote={Bulletin of Latin American ResearchVolume 39, Issue 4 p. 543-544 Book Review Rice, Mark (2018) Making Machu Picchu: The Politics of Tourism in Twentieth Century Peru, University of North Carolina Press ( Chapel Hill, NC), xvi + 233 pp. £69.00 hbk, £22.95 pbk. Tim Wallace, Tim Wallace North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Tim Wallace, Tim Wallace North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 September 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.13161Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume39, Issue4Special Issue: Special Section: Researching Everyday Geopolitics in Latin AmericaSeptember 2020Pages 543-544 RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH}, author={Wallace, Tim}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={543–544} }
 @article{serenari_peterson_wallace_stowhas_2017, title={Indigenous Perspectives on Private Protected Areas in Chile}, volume={37}, ISSN={["2162-4399"]}, DOI={10.3375/043.037.0112}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT: 
 It is no longer conventional nor desirable practice for protected area managers to disregard the needs and desires of indigenous people. Several frameworks attempting to identify the roots of indigenous-external conservation actor conflict have emerged in recent decades. The rise of private protected areas (PPAs), however, is yet to be fully represented in these frameworks. We conducted interviews with Mapuche leaders and community members at three PPA sites in Chile's Los Ríos region to explore how they perceived PPAs and their social impacts. Our analysis suggests Mapuche were not resisting constraints on resource rights and use created by Chile's property-rights system. Informants, particularly community leaders and elders, adopted a deliberate and cautious approach to relationship building with PPA administrations, perhaps because of a Mapuche history negotiating colonialism, corporate exploitation, political marginalization, environmental degradation, and capitalism. Our results suggest that to be inclusive of PPAs in Los Ríos, future conflict frameworks should attend less to the notion of controlling territories and people and more on how private property regimes inhibit park-people partnerships, what global and state mechanisms contribute to conflict at the local level, and how locals respond to PPA creation.}, number={1}, journal={NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL}, author={Serenari, Christopher and Peterson, M. Nils and Wallace, Tim and Stowhas, Paulina}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={98–107} }
 @article{serenari_peterson_wallace_stowhas_2017, title={Private protected areas, ecotourism development and impacts on local people's well-being: a review from case studies in Southern Chile}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1747-7646"]}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2016.1178755}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Private protected areas (PPAs) are expanding rapidly in less-industrialized nations. This paper explores cases in Los Ríos, Chile, to understand how local people living in and near three PPAs viewed impacts of tourism development on human well-being and local governance asking: (1) Why and how do governing PPA actors engage local people in conservation and ecotourism? (2) How do local people perceive the impacts of PPAs? (3) How do perceived impacts differ between PPA ownership types and contexts? We used an Opportunities, Security and Empowerment research framework derived from local definitions of well-being. Results suggest that governing PPA actors (PPA administrations and Chilean government officials) viewed local people as threats to forest conservation goals, embraced exclusion from reserve governance, but encouraged self-governance among local people through educational campaigns promoting environmental stewardship and ecotourism entrepreneurship. PPA administrations avoided emerging participatory democracy approaches to ensure local resistance did not threaten their authority. Despite asymmetrical power relations, PPA–community partnerships were viewed locally as both improving and damaging well-being. Our findings suggest that the social impacts and consequences of PPAs facilitating ecotourism development should be subjected to the same level of scrutiny that has been given to public protected areas.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM}, author={Serenari, Christopher and Peterson, M. Nils and Wallace, Tim and Stowhas, Paulina}, year={2017}, pages={1792–1810} }
 @article{lapan_morais_barbieri_wallace_2016, title={Power, altruism and communitarian tourism: A comparative study}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1695-7121"]}, DOI={10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.058}, abstractNote={espanolLos residentes de San Juan La Laguna y San Pedro La Laguna, dos pueblos vecinos en la cuenca del Lago de Atitlan (Guatemala), han seguido trayectorias de desarrollo turistico muy diferentes a pesar de su proximidad. En este estudio se explora las percepciones de los residentes de comunidades bajo diferentes modelos economicos y aborda las debilidades de los enfoques teoricos actuales. Se realiza un estudio comparativo de casos etnografico, a fin de explorar las percepciones de las residentes respecto a las ventajas e inconvenientes derivadas del desarrollo turistico de sus pueblos. Los hallazgos indican que los prevaleciente constructos teoricos no explican plenamente esta dinamica en contextos no occidentales y que son no practican laissez faire capitalismo. Los resultados tambien sugieren que la fuerte colaboracion comunitaria guiada por organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales puede ayudar a mantener los beneficios del turismo en las comunidades de destino, mientras que previene algunos de sus costos. EnglishResidents of San Juan La Laguna and San Pedro La Laguna, neighboring towns on the shores of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala, have followed very different trajectories of tourism development despite their close proximity. This study explores residents’ perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of tourism development under two differing economic models and addresses weaknesses in current theoretical approaches. Findings from this ethnographic comparative case study indicate that prevailing theoretical constructs do not fully explain dynamics in non-western non- laissez faire capitalist contexts. Findings also suggest that strong community collaboration guided by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can help to maintain tourism benefits locally, while at the same time preventing some of the costs of tourism development in destination communities.}, number={4}, journal={PASOS-REVISTA DE TURISMO Y PATRIMONIO CULTURAL}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Barbieri, Carla and Wallace, Tim}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={889–906} }
 @article{lapan_morais_wallace_barbieri_2016, title={WOMEN'S SELF-DETERMINATION IN COOPERATIVE TOURISM MICROENTERPRISES}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1943-4421"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427216x14581596799022}, DOI={10.3727/154427216x14581596799022}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study is to better understand how cooperative forms of microentrepreneurship influence women's self-determination. Utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, this study employed a multiple case study approach that involved in-depth interviews, content analysis, field notes, and direct observations. Findings indicate that livelihood opportunities afforded under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship offer women increased levels of self-determination, but that economic improvements alone are not sufficient in enhancing overall well-being. This study provides a detailed account of the strategies indigenous women employ to enhance their self-determination under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship models. The results of this study suggest that programs by governments and NGOs should consider non-individual benefits when they engage with communities in tourism planning initiatives. Additionally, interventions aimed at women must also engage men or women may suffer from tensions at home. Finally, this study indicates that simply offering access to credit does not foster self-reliant development. The structures of cooperative models determine outcomes. Therefore, whenever possible, microentrepreneurship models should be designed to enhance strong cooperative social structures}, number={1}, journal={TOURISM REVIEW INTERNATIONAL}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2016}, pages={41–55} }