@article{portiolli_rogers_beckwith_tsai_ole-moiyoi_wilson_reyes_2021, title={Development of trash exclusion for mechanized pit latrine emptying}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2053-1419"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00383F}, DOI={10.1039/d1ew00383f}, abstractNote={The trash-excluding attachment (Excluder) can be connected to a custom vacuum (such as the Flexcrevator), a vacuum truck, or a sludge pump. The system allows the mechanized emptying of pit latrines with high levels of trash without manual “fishing”.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Portiolli, Giovanna F. and Rogers, Tate W. and Beckwith, Walter and Tsai, Jocelyn and ole-MoiYoi, Payan and Wilson, Noel and Reyes, Francis L., III}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{greene_hennessy_rogers_tsai_reyes_2021, title={The role of emptying services in provision of safely managed sanitation: A classification and quantification of the needs of LMICs}, volume={290}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112612}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112612}, abstractNote={Classifications for onsite sanitation in terms of facility type (septic tanks, pit latrines) exist, but connecting these facilities to the wider sanitation value chain via improved containment, emptying, and collection has not been well explored. Using existing Joint Monitoring Programme facility classifications and secondary data on piped water access, a Service Typology was developed to classify and quantify the primary emptying service needs of household level onsite sanitation facilities. Facilities in six Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) regions were classified as Emptiable (faecal sludge can be removed either via Mechanized or Non-Mechanized means) or Unemptiable. Of the 722 million household level sanitation facilities assessed in these regions, 32% were found to be emptiable via Mechanized means, 50% via Non-Mechanized means and 18% were found to be Unemptiable pits. The volume (by number of facilities) and density (as a proportion of the full population) of each service type were estimated by SDG region and by country. Results from this study provide background data on the role of emptying sanitation facilities in achieving SDG6, and can be incorporated into investment priorities, policy framing, technology development, infrastructure development, and targeted behaviour change strategies.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Greene, Nicola and Hennessy, Sarah and Rogers, Tate W. and Tsai, Jocelyn and Reyes, Francis L., III}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{sisco_rogers_beckwith_chipeta_holm_buckley_de los reyes_2017, title={Trash removal methods for improved mechanical emptying of pit latrines using a screw auger}, volume={7}, ISSN={2043-9083 2408-9362}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.106}, DOI={10.2166/washdev.2017.106}, abstractNote={Trash in pit latrines is one of the largest challenges facing pit emptying technologies, including the powered auger (the Excrevator), developed for improved emptying in lower- and lower-middle income countries. This study focused on two trash removal methods in conjunction with pit emptying by the Excrevator: (1) simultaneous removal of trash with sludge and (2) manual trash removal prior to sludge removal. Simultaneous removal was tested by adding to the inlet of the Excrevator system two cutting heads designed to reduce the size of trash particles before entering the pipe and auger. Laboratory testing indicated that the auger will not provide the rotational speeds necessary for proper maceration of fibrous materials such as clothing, indicating that a separate maceration unit with higher rotational methods may be more appropriate. Four manual trash removal mechanisms were designed to improve on existing manual trash ‘fishing’ tools such as iron rods with fixed hooks. Two of these tools (the ‘claw’ and the ‘hook’) showed promising laboratory results and were subsequently field tested in Mzuzu, Malawi. Both tools proved more efficient than the current tools used in the field and have potential for use in Malawi.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development}, publisher={IWA Publishing}, author={Sisco, Tracey and Rogers, Tate and Beckwith, Walt and Chipeta, Willy and Holm, Rochelle and Buckley, Christopher A. and de los Reyes, Francis L., III}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={85–91} }
 @article{sisco_rogers_reyes_2015, title={Modified auger for pit latrine desludging in developing countries}, volume={107}, ISSN={["1877-7058"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84946054501&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.101}, abstractNote={A modified auger was developed in response to the need for a hygienic and low-cost pit emptying technology. An auger is housed inside a 4” pipe and powered by a hydraulic motor. As the auger turns, sludge is conveyed up and out of the pit into containers for disposal. Development and lab testing of prototypes was followed by field-testing on pit latrines in South Africa. Flow rates up to 40 LPM were achieved in field-testing, which are high enough to empty a typical pit in 1 to 2 hours. Field testing also revealed new challenges and progress has continued in order to solve these problems, including improved manoeuvrability and management of trash often found in latrines. The addition of a dolly frame improved the movement of the auger inside and outside of the pits. Trash removal technologies that could be coupled with the auger are currently in development. Further field-testing of the auger and trash management techniques will be carried out.}, journal={HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGY: SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL IMPACT 2015, HUMTECH2015}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sisco, Tracey and Rogers, Tate and Reyes, Francis}, year={2015}, pages={427–429} }
 @article{rogers_2014, title={Launching a Career and a Way to Make a Difference}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1551-8833"]}, DOI={10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0041}, abstractNote={Field work was conducted on a pit‐emptying system in South Africa after a proposal by the author received funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). BMGF was looking for new ideas to meet the needs of more than 2.5 billion people without access to proper sanitation in the developing world.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION}, author={Rogers, Tate W.}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={31–33} }
 @article{rogers_reyes_beckwith_borden_2014, title={Power earth auger modification for waste extraction from pit latrines}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2043-9083"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896480247&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2166/washdev.2013.183}, abstractNote={The extraction auger was developed to meet the need for a low cost, effective method to empty pit latrines in difficult to access locations. The basic design consists of a motor that rotates an auger inside a pipe, lifting waste from a pit and depositing it into containers through a wye fitting at the top of the device. Laboratory testing of the auger showed increases in flow rates with increasing auger rotational speed and waste viscosity. An auger with an external hydraulic drive was capable of lifting dairy waste over 2.5 m, at flow rates of over 125 liters per minute. Field-testing showed the equipment was effective at lifting medium viscosity wastes containing a mixture of liquid and solid material. However, the auger was not effective in removing low viscosity, liquid waste that would flow backward down the auger reducing lifting efficiency. The auger was capable of drilling into dense solid waste, forming a ‘posthole’ in the waste. However, since the dense solid waste would not flow towards the auger intake, actual waste removal from the pit was limited. Improved methods are needed to mix liquid and solid waste in pits prior to removal with the extraction auger or other technologies.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT}, publisher={IWA Publishing}, author={Rogers, Tate Weston and Reyes, Francis L., III and Beckwith, Walter J. and Borden, Robert C.}, year={2014}, pages={72–80} }