@article{shay_velev_dickey_2018, title={Soft electrodes combining hydrogel and liquid metal}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1744-6848"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM00337H}, DOI={10.1039/c8sm00337h}, abstractNote={Liquid metals interfaced with hydrogels create soft, deformable electrodes for emerging wearable devices and soft robotics. This paper quantifies and tunes the impedance of this interface for use in ECG electrodes.}, number={17}, journal={SOFT MATTER}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Shay, Tim and Velev, Orlin D. and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={3296–3303} }
 @article{shay_dickey_velev_2017, title={Hydrogel-enabled osmotic pumping for microfluidics: towards wearable human-device interfaces}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1473-0189"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85012970250&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1039/c6lc01486k}, abstractNote={This paper describes a technique that utilizes the osmotic properties of hydrogels to passively draw fluid through a membrane and pass it along to a microfluidic network for sensing purposes.}, number={4}, journal={LAB ON A CHIP}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Shay, Tim and Dickey, Michael D. and Velev, Orlin D.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={710–716} }
 @article{morales_podolsky_mailen_shay_dickey_velev_2016, title={Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2072-666X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84982797733&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/mi7060098}, abstractNote={We report multi-responsive and double-folding bilayer hydrogel sheet actuators, whose directional bending response is tuned by modulating the solvent quality and temperature and where locally crosslinked regions, induced by ionoprinting, enable the actuators to invert their bending axis. The sheets are made multi-responsive by combining two stimuli responsive gels that incur opposing and complementary swelling and shrinking responses to the same stimulus. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) can be tuned to specific temperatures depending on the EtOH concentration, enabling the actuators to change direction isothermally. Higher EtOH concentrations cause upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) gel networks, which can induce an amplifying effect during bilayer bending. External ionoprints reliably and repeatedly invert the gel bilayer bending axis between water and EtOH. Placing the ionoprint at the gel/gel interface can lead to opposite shape conformations, but with no clear trend in the bending behavior. We hypothesize that this is due to the ionoprint passing through the neutral axis of the bilayer during shrinking in hot water. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the actuators to achieve shapes unique to the specific external conditions towards developing more responsive and adaptive soft actuator devices.}, number={6}, journal={MICROMACHINES}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Morales, Daniel and Podolsky, Igor and Mailen, Russell W. and Shay, Timothy and Dickey, Michael D. and Velev, Orlin D.}, year={2016}, month={Jun} }