@article{steffey_risselada_scharf_buote_zamprogno_winter_griffon_2023, title={A narrative review of the impact of work hours and insufficient rest on job performance}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13943}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding effects of insufficient rest on clinical performance and house officer training programs, the associations of clinical duty scheduling with insufficient rest, and the implications for risk management.


STUDY DESIGN
Narrative review.


METHODS
Several literature searches using broad terms such as "sleep deprivation," "veterinary," "physician," and "surgeon" were performed using PubMed and Google scholar.


RESULTS
Sleep deprivation and insufficient rest have clear and deleterious effects on job performance, which in healthcare occupations impacts patient safety and practice function. The unique requirements of a career in veterinary surgery, which may include on-call shifts and overnight work, can lead to distinct sleep challenges and chronic insufficient rest with resultant serious but often poorly recognized impacts. These effects negatively impact practices, teams, surgeons, and patients. The self-assessment of fatigue and performance effect is demonstrably untrustworthy, reinforcing the need for institution-level protections. While the issues are complex and there is no one-size-fits-all approach, duty hour or workload restrictions may be an important first step in addressing these issues within veterinary surgery, as it has been in human medicine.


CONCLUSION
Systematic re-examination of cultural expectations and practice logistics are needed if improvement in working hours, clinician well-being, productivity, and patient safety are to occur.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (OR IMPACT)
A more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and consequence of sleep-related impairment better enables surgeons and hospital management to address systemic challenges in veterinary practice and training programs.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Steffey, Michele A. and Risselada, Marije and Scharf, Valery F. and Buote, Nicole J. and Zamprogno, Helia and Winter, Alexandra L. and Griffon, Dominique}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @misc{steffey_griffon_risselada_buote_scharf_zamprogno_winter_2023, title={A narrative review of the physiology and health effects of burnout associated with veterinarian-pertinent occupational stressors}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2023.1184525}, abstractNote={Chronic workplace stress and burnout are serious problems in veterinary medicine. Although not classified as a medical condition, burnout can affect sleep patterns and contributes to chronic low grade systemic inflammation, autonomic imbalance, hormonal imbalances and immunodeficiencies, thereby increasing the risks of physical and psychological ill health in affected individuals. Cultural misconceptions in the profession often lead to perceptions of burnout as a personal failure, ideas that healthcare professionals are somehow at lower risk for suffering, and beliefs that affected individuals can or should somehow heal themselves. However, these concepts are antiquated, harmful and incorrect, preventing the design of appropriate solutions for this serious and growing challenge to the veterinary profession. Veterinarians must first correctly identify the nature of the problem and understand its causes and impacts before rational solutions can be implemented. In this first part of two companion reviews, burnout will be defined, pathophysiology discussed, and healthcare and veterinary-relevant occupational stressors that lead to burnout identified.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Steffey, Michele A. and Griffon, Dominique J. and Risselada, Marije and Buote, Nicole J. and Scharf, Valery F. and Zamprogno, Helia and Winter, Alexandra L.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{spies_ogden_sterman_davidson_scharf_reyes_luther_martin_kudej_stockman_et al._2023, title={Clinical presentation and short-term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.14040}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe demographics, clinical presentation, shunt anatomy, clinical progression, and complications in large dogs ≥15 kg with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) treated with or without surgery.


STUDY DESIGN
Multicenter retrospective (10 university hospitals, one private referral institution).


ANIMALS
Dogs ≥15 kg (n = 63).


METHODS
Medical records of dogs ≥15 kg diagnosed with EHPSS between January 01, 2005 and December 31, 2020 were reviewed. Dogs had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostics, shunt anatomy, treatment interventions, and perioperative complications were assessed.


RESULTS
Median age was 21.9 months (IQR: 9-36.8). The breed most represented was the Golden retriever (17/63 dogs). Portocaval (17/63) and splenocaval (15/63) shunt configurations were most common. Portal vein hypoplasia was noted in 18 imaging reports. Of the surgically treated dogs, 14/45 (35.6%) had short-term complications, and 3/45 (6.7%) had shunt-related deaths. Medical management was discontinued in 15/40 and reduced in 9/40 of surviving dogs who had surgical attenuation. All medically managed, nonattenuated dogs (18/18) were maintained on their original shunt-related medication regimens.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinical presentation of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts was similar to the more commonly reported small breed dogs. Surgical management of single EHPSS in large dogs ≥15 kg had similar clinical short-term outcomes as small breed dogs.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Clinicians should be aware that large breed dogs with EHPSS share similar characteristics and clinical outcomes to small breed dogs. The significance of the presence of a hypoplastic portal vein warrants further research. Surgical treatment is a viable option for large breed dogs with EHPSS.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Spies, Kate and Ogden, Jessica and Sterman, Allyson and Davidson, Jackie and Scharf, Valery and Reyes, Bianca and Luther, Jill Kristine and Martin, Libby and Kudej, Raymond and Stockman, Tiffany and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{price_mathews_lawver_scharf_2023, title={Evaluation of thoracic duct ligation and unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy via a left fourth intercostal approach in normal canine cadavers}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.14060}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To investigate a left-sided fourth intercostal approach to thoracic duct (TD) ligation and unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy in dogs.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective computed tomography (CT) review and cadaveric study.


ANIMALS
Thirteen dogs with idiopathic chylothorax and 10 canine cadavers.


METHODS
A retrospective study of CT lymphangiograms in client-owned dogs with idiopathic chylothorax evaluated location and branching of the TD at the left fourth intercostal space. A cadaveric study evaluated the efficacy of TD ligation at this site. Following methylene blue mesenteric lymph node injection, TDs were identified through a left fourth intercostal thoracotomy, ligated, and sealed. Unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy was performed through the same incision. Computed tomography scans were performed to determine the success of TD ligation.


RESULTS
A review of lymphangiograms revealed a single TD in 10/13 clinical cases at the fourth intercostal space. Three cases had additional branches. Thoracic duct ligation via a left fourth intercostal thoracotomy was successful in nine out of 10 cadavers. A single branch was noted intraoperatively in six out of 10, and two branches were noted in four out of 10 cadavers. All branches were observed on the left side of the esophagus.


CONCLUSION
TD ligation at the left fourth intercostal space was successfully performed in 9/10 canine cadavers and appeared feasible in a retrospective review of 10/13 clinical cases. Unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy can also be performed via this approach.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Fewer thoracic duct branches at this location in comparison with the standard caudal location may simplify TD ligation. If elected, unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy can be performed through the same incision. Further investigation in clinical patients is warranted.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Price, Anya K. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Lawver, Jody E. and Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{reyes_scharf_2023, title={Feasibility of laparoscopic stapled partial cystectomy in canine cadavers}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.14045}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe a technique for laparoscopic partial cystectomy and evaluate sealing of canine urinary bladder tissue with an endoscopic stapler.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, cadaveric study.


SAMPLE POPULATION
Eleven canine cadavers.


METHODS
Laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed with an endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler. Leak testing and urodynamic evaluation was performed to measure intravesical pressure at initial leakage and catastrophic failure or the maximum pressure at which intravesical pressure plateaued. Surgical time, complications, and site of leakage were also recorded.


RESULTS
Laparoscopic partial cystectomy was successfully performed in 10 of 11 cadavers. Median procedure time was 13.6 min (10.1-15.2 min). Median intravesical pressure at initial leakage was 31 mmHg (28-56 mmHg) with a median increase from initial pressure of 15 mmHg (11-37 mmHg). No catastrophic failure of the cystectomy site was observed during leak testing. Intravesical pressure plateaued at a median of 52 mmHg (39-73 mmHg), which was a median of 13 mmHg (8-23 mmHg) higher than intravesical pressure at initial leakage. The median total volume infused at the time of plateau of intravesical pressure was 89 mL (58-133 mL).


CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic stapled partial cystectomy was feasible in canine cadavers. Endoscopic GIA staplers appear to seal the canine urinary bladder with minimal leakage.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Use of an endoscopic GIA stapler may provide a minimally invasive option for partial cystectomy in dogs. Further evaluation for application to clinical cases is warranted.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Reyes, Bianca C. and Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{mcnamara_regier_toth_mickelson_luther_pyne_wallace_sturkie_dugat_marvel_et al._2023, title={Risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage and perioperative complications and short- and long-term outcomes during surgical patent ductus arteriosus ligation in 417 dogs}, volume={261}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.22.12.0541}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of dogs undergoing surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), identify risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage and intra- and postoperative complications, and report overall mortality rates.


ANIMALS
417 client-owned dogs undergoing surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting PDA between January 2010 and January 2020.


PROCEDURES
Data recorded included patient signalment, echocardiogram findings, intraoperative complications and mortality, postoperative complications, and short- and long-term outcomes.


RESULTS
There was no association between age and risk of intraoperative hemorrhage (P = .7), weight and intraoperative hemorrhage (P = .96), or increasing left atrium-to-aortic (LA:Ao) ratio and intraoperative hemorrhage (P = .08). Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in 10.8% of patients. Intraoperative mortality was 2%. Ninety-five percent of dogs experiencing intraoperative hemorrhage survived to discharge. Survival to discharge was 97%. One- and 5-year survival rates were 96.4% and 87%, respectively.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting PDA is recommended due to the good long-term prognosis. Certain preoperative factors such as age, weight, and the presence and degree of mitral valve regurgitation had no detectable association with risks of intraoperative hemorrhage and, therefore, should not preclude surgical treatment for a left-to-right shunting PDA. Future studies are needed to further assess the association between increasing LA:Ao ratio and risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.}, number={8}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={McNamara, Kaitlyn L. and Regier, Penny J. and Toth, Darby and Mickelson, Megan and Luther, Jill and Pyne, Connor and Wallace, Mandy and Sturkie, Charlee and Dugat, Danielle and Marvel, Sarah and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{devereux_scharf_2023, title={Surgical technique and complications associated with laparoscopic pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy in a dog}, ISSN={["2052-6121"]}, DOI={10.1002/vrc2.657}, abstractNote={Abstract An 11‐year‐old, neutered, male French bulldog was referred for surgical repair of an incidentally diagnosed pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a left centroventral diaphragmatic hernia with a large volume of left‐sided intrathoracic fat. A minimally invasive laparoscopic approach was elected. A portion of the intrathoracic fat was laparoscopically reduced. Adhesions and friability of the herniated fat prevented further reduction, and the remaining fat was transected using a vessel‐sealing device to enable herniorrhaphy via intracorporeal suturing. Immediate postoperative computed tomography performed under general anaesthesia confirmed an intact diaphragm with a large volume of persistent left‐sided intrathoracic fat. The patient was immediately returned to the operating room and a keyhole left lateral thoracotomy performed to remove the remaining herniated fat. The patient recovered from surgery and anaesthesia uneventfully. There were no short‐ or long‐term postoperative complications of herniorrhaphy.}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS}, author={Devereux, Emma A. and Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{steffey_griffon_risselada_scharf_buote_zamprogno_winter_2023, title={Veterinarian burnout demographics and organizational impacts: a narrative review}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2023.1184526}, abstractNote={Burnout is a work-related syndrome of physical and emotional exhaustion secondary to prolonged, unresolvable occupational stress. Individuals of different demographic cohorts may have disparate experiences of workplace stressors and burnout impacts. Healthcare organizations are adversely affected by burnt out workers through decreased productivity, low morale, suboptimal teamwork, and potential impacts on the quality of patient care. In this second of two companion reviews, the demographics of veterinary burnout and the impacts of burnout on affected individuals and work environments are summarized, before discussing mitigation concepts and their extrapolation for targeted strategies within the veterinary workplace and profession.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Steffey, Michele A. and Griffon, Dominique J. and Risselada, Marije and Scharf, Valery F. and Buote, Nicole J. and Zamprogno, Helia and Winter, Alexandra L.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{scott_auzenne_massari_singh_donovan_mayhew_case_scharf_buote_wallace_2022, title={Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13886}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe complications and outcomes of dogs undergoing thoracoscopic-assisted (TA) lung lobectomy.


STUDY DESIGN
Multi-institutional, retrospective study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned dogs (n = 30).


METHODS
Medical records of dogs that underwent TA lung lobectomy were reviewed. Signalment, bodyweight, clinical signs, imaging findings, surgical variables, complications, and short-term/long-term outcome were assessed. Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy was performed with a mini-thoracotomy.


RESULTS
Twelve intraoperative complications were recorded in 11 dogs, 6 requiring conversion to open thoracotomy. Reasons for conversion were reported in 5/6 dogs and included adhesions (2), difficultly manipulating the lesion through the mini-thoracotomy (2), and acute oxygen desaturation (1). One lung ventilation was successful in 4 of the 7 dogs in which this was attempted. A linear stapling device (DST series Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) was used for lung lobe ligation in 14 dogs. Twenty-three dogs underwent surgery for a neoplastic lesion, with 19 of these being carcinoma. The median lesion size was 4.3 cm (range 1-10 cm); margins were clean, except in 1 dog. Complications were documented in 8 dogs prior to discharge, 5 of these being classified as mild. Twenty-nine dogs were discharged at a median of 47 h postoperatively (range 24-120 h). Death was reported in 9 dogs, with a median survival time of 168 days (range 70-868 days).


CONCLUSION
Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy was achieved with few major complications in the population reported here. Dogs were able to be discharged from hospital quickly, with most surviving beyond the follow-up period.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy may be considered to facilitate the excision of larger pulmonary lesions or to treat smaller dogs, in which a thoracoscopic excision may be technically more challenging.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Scott, Jacqueline E. and Auzenne, Danielle A. and Massari, Federico and Singh, Ameet and Donovan, Victoria and Mayhew, Philipp D. and Case, Brad and Scharf, Valery F. and Buote, Nicole and Wallace, Mandy L.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{mcphetridge_scharf_regier_toth_lorange_tremolada_dornbusch_selmic_bae_townsend_et al._2022, title={Distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and outcome of affected dogs: 340 cases (2010-2019)}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.20.12.0698}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To provide updated information on the distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma.


ANIMALS
340 dogs.


PROCEDURES
Medical records of dogs that underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a primary pulmonary mass were reviewed, and histopathologic type of lesions was determined. The canine lung carcinoma stage classification system was used to determine clinical stage for dogs with pulmonary carcinoma.


RESULTS
Pulmonary carcinoma was the most frequently encountered tumor type (296/340 [87.1%]), followed by sarcoma (26 [7.6%]), adenoma (11 [3.2%]), and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor (5 [1.5%]); there was also 1 plasmacytoma and 1 carcinosarcoma. Twenty (5.9%) sarcomas were classified as primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma. There was a significant difference in median survival time between dogs with pulmonary carcinomas (399 days), dogs with histiocytic sarcomas (300 days), and dogs with neuroendocrine tumors (498 days). When dogs with pulmonary carcinomas were grouped on the basis of clinical stage, there were no significant differences in median survival time between dogs that did and did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that pulmonary carcinoma is the most common cause of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs; however, nonepithelial tumors can occur. Survival times were significantly different between dogs with pulmonary carcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the relative incidence of these various histologic diagnoses. The therapeutic effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma remains unclear and warrants further investigation.}, number={2}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={McPhetridge, Jourdan B. and Scharf, Valery F. and Regier, Penny J. and Toth, Darby and Lorange, Max and Tremolada, Giovanni and Dornbusch, Josephine A. and Selmic, Laura E. and Bae, Sohee and Townsend, Katy L. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={234–243} }
 @article{wallace_grimes_edwards_lux_tam_dickerson_carroll_scharf_colberg_kudej_et al._2022, title={Dogs >= five years of age at the time of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt diagnosis have better long-term outcomes with surgical attenuation than with medical management alone}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.21.09.0417}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To determine the outcome in dogs diagnosed with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) at ≥ 5 years of age treated with medical management only (M) or with surgical attenuation (S). The hypothesis was that dogs undergoing surgical attenuation would have a longer survival time than dogs undergoing medical management only.


ANIMALS
351 dogs definitively diagnosed with EHPSS at ≥ 5 years of age.


PROCEDURES
Medical records from 2009 to 2019 at 16 veterinary teaching hospitals were evaluated. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs at diagnosis, clinicopathologic data, surgical and medical treatments, shunt morphology, clinical signs and medical treatments at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis, and survival time.


RESULTS
351 dogs (M, 119 [33.9%]; S, 232 [66.1%]) were included in the study. Survival time was longer with surgery than medical management (hazard ratio, 4.2; M, 3.4 years; S, 10.9 years). Continued clinical signs at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis were more common with medical management (M, 40% [33/88]; S, 14% [21/155]). Continued medical treatments at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis were more common in the medical management group (M, 78% [69/88]; S, 34% [53/155]). Perioperative mortality rate was 7.3%.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dogs diagnosed at ≥ 5 years of age with EHPSS have significantly better survival times and fewer clinical signs with surgical attenuation, compared with medical management. Older dogs have similar surgical mortality rates to dogs of all ages after surgical EHPSS attenuation.}, number={7}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Wallace, Mandy L. and Grimes, Janet A. and Edwards, Lauren and Lux, Cassie N. and Tam, Candace and Dickerson, Vanna M. and Carroll, Kenneth A. and Scharf, Valery F. and Colberg, Valerie and Kudej, Raymond K. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={758–764} }
 @article{dickerson_poses_hyndman_mcphetridge_scharf_matz_singh_grimes_2022, title={Outcome in 38 dogs surgically treated for hepatic abscessation}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13921}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To report outcomes following surgical treatment of hepatic abscessation in dogs.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective.


ANIMALS
Thirty-eight dogs.


METHODS
Records from 6 institutions were evaluated for dogs undergoing surgical treatment for hepatic abscessation between 2010 and 2020. Signalment, clinical signs, medical therapy, surgical treatment, and postoperative outcome was obtained from medical records. Long-term outcome was recorded when possible. Median survival time was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method.


RESULTS
Peritoneal effusion was documented in 32/38 dogs preoperatively, with septic peritonitis confirmed in 21/23 samples. Liver lobectomy was the most common surgery (27 dogs). A single organism was cultured in 24/35 dogs, most commonly Escherichia coli. Hepatic neoplasia was identified in 11/36 dogs. Dogs were hospitalized for a median of 5 days (range, 3-17) with complications recorded in 21 dogs (regurgitation, aspiration pneumonia, and pancreatitis most commonly). Two dogs died intraoperatively, and 6 dogs died prior to discharge. Median survival time for dogs surviving to discharge was 638 days. Of these, 19 were lost to follow up a median of 301 (range, 3-1418) days postoperatively and 11 died a median of 291 (range, 7-1292) days postoperatively. No abscess recurrence was noted.


CONCLUSION
Septic peritonitis was a common sequela to hepatic abscessation. Perioperative complications were recorded in approximately one-third of dogs. In dogs surviving the postoperative period, long-term prognosis was good.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dogs treated surgically for hepatic abscessation have a high risk of perioperative complications but favorable long-term prognosis and apparent low risk of recurrence.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Dickerson, Vanna and Poses, Breanna and Hyndman, Philip and McPhetridge, Jourdan and Scharf, Valery and Matz, Brad and Singh, Ameet and Grimes, Janet A.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{vagias_chanoit_bubenik-angapen_gibson_rooster_singh_scharf_grimes_wallace_kummeling_et al._2022, title={Perioperative characteristics, histologic diagnosis, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing percutaneous drainage, sclerotherapy or surgical management of intrarenal cystic lesions: 18 dogs (2004-2021)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1746-6148"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12917-022-03327-z}, abstractNote={Canine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/- omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/- omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004 to 2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs.Eighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing > 1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia.Benign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.}, number={1}, journal={BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Vagias, Michail and Chanoit, Guillaume and Bubenik-Angapen, Loretta J. and Gibson, Erin A. and Rooster, Hilde and Singh, Ameet and Scharf, Valery F. and Grimes, Janet A. and Wallace, Mandy L. and Kummeling, Anne and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{scharf_mcphetridge_dickson_2022, title={Sleep patterns, fatigue, and working hours among veterinary house officers: a cross-sectional survey study}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.21.05.0234}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe the sleep patterns, working hours, and perceptions of fatigue among veterinary house officers and to identify potential areas for targeted intervention to improve well-being.


SAMPLE
303 house officers.


PROCEDURES
A 62-item questionnaire was generated by use of an online platform and sent to veterinary house officers at participating institutions via email. Responses were analyzed for trends and associations between variables of interest.


RESULTS
The mean age of respondents was 30 ± 3.7 years. Participants included 239 residents and 64 interns. House officers slept significantly less during times when they had clinical responsibilities compared to off-clinic time (6.0 hours vs 7.5 hours, respectively; P < 0.01). The majority of house officers reported working 11 to 13 hours on a typical weekday (58% [174/302]), and 32% reported clinical responsibilities 7 d/wk. Working hours were negatively related to sleep quantity (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.54; P < 0.01), and perceived sleep quality was worse when on call (P < 0.01). The majority of house officers felt that fatigue negatively interfered with their technical skills, clinical judgment, and ability to empathize to some extent in the previous 4 weeks.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Most house officers fail to obtain sufficient sleep for optimal cognitive function and physical and mental health. Working hours and on call may be important factors contributing to the sleep patterns of veterinary house officers, and training program structure should be critically evaluated to promote protected time for sleep.}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Scharf, Valery F. and McPhetridge, Jourdan B. and Dickson, Rachel}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={1377–1385} }
 @article{scharf_2022, title={Updates in Thoracoscopy}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.11.005}, abstractNote={Novel approaches and innovations in small animal thoracoscopy are being rapidly developed; this article aims to describe recent updates in commonly performed thoracoscopic procedures, including lung lobectomy, pericardiectomy and pericardial and cardiac neoplasia evaluation, chylothorax treatment, cranial mediastinal mass resection, persistent right aortic arch treatment, and management of pyothorax and primary spontaneous pneumothorax.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Scharf, Valery Fairfax}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={531–548} }
 @article{mcphetridge_scharf_dickson_thieman_oblak_regier_skinner_tinga_townsend_wallace_et al._2022, title={Veterinary house officer perceptions of dimensions of well-being during postgraduate training}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.21.05.0233}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe veterinary house officers' perceptions of dimensions of well-being during postgraduate training and to identify potential areas for targeted intervention.


SAMPLE
303 house officers.


PROCEDURES
A 62-item questionnaire was generated by use of an online platform and sent to house officers at participating institutions in October 2020. Responses were analyzed for trends and associations between selected variables.


RESULTS
239 residents, 45 rotating interns, and 19 specialty interns responded to the survey. The majority of house officers felt that their training program negatively interfered with their exercise habits, diet, and social engagement. House officers reported engaging in exercise significantly less during times of clinical responsibility, averaging 1.6 exercise sessions/wk (SD ± 0.8) on clinical duty and 2.4 exercise sessions/wk (SD ± 0.9) when not on clinical duty (P < 0.001). Ninety-four percent of respondents reported experiencing some degree of anxiety regarding their physical health, and 95% of house officers reported feeling some degree of anxiety regarding their current financial situation. Overall, 47% reported that their work-life balance was unsustainable for > 1 year; there was no association between specialty and sustainability of work-life balance. Most house officers were satisfied with their current training program, level of clinical responsibility, and mentorship.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Veterinary house officers demonstrated a poor balance between the demands of postgraduate training and maintenance of personal health. Thoughtful interventions are needed to support the well-being of veterinary house officers.}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={McPhetridge, Jourdan B. and Scharf, Valery F. and Dickson, Rachel and Thieman, Kelley M. and Oblak, Michelle L. and Regier, Penny J. and Skinner, Owen T. and Tinga, Selena and Townsend, Katy L. and Wallace, Mandy L. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={1369–1376} }
 @article{diamond_scharf_chiu_hash_mathews_2021, title={A randomized, prospective, comparative trial of a variable-angle versus fixed-angle endoscope for exploratory thoracoscopy in canine cadavers}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13449}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Diamond, Danielle M. and Scharf, Valery F. and Chiu, King Wa and Hash, Jonathan A. and Mathews, Kyle G.}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={O17–O25} }
 @article{carroll_dickson_scharf_2021, title={Feasibility of thoracoscopic attenuation of the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos shunts: A canine cadaveric study}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13532}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Carroll, Kenneth A. and Dickson, Rachel E. and Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={345–352} }
 @article{erickson_regier_watt_ham_marvel_wallace_colopy_scharf_zheng_dugat_et al._2021, title={Incidence, survival time, and surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinomas in dogs: 100 cases (2010-2019)}, volume={259}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.20.06.0335}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To evaluate outcomes of dogs with parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) treated by surgical excision and to describe the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, degree of hypocalcemia, duration of hospitalization, duration of calcium supplementation, and survival time.


ANIMALS
100 client-owned dogs with PTC admitted to academic, referral veterinary institutions.


PROCEDURES
In a retrospective multi-institutional study, medical records of dogs undergoing surgical excision of PTC between 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Signalment, relevant medical history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic testing, imaging, surgical findings, intraoperative complications, histologic examination, and survival time were recorded.


RESULTS
100 dogs with PTC were included, and 96 dogs had clinical or incidental hypercalcemia. Common clinical signs included polyuria (44%), polydipsia (43%), hind limb paresis (22%), lethargy (21%), and hyporexia (20%). Cervical ultrasonography detected a parathyroid nodule in 91 of 91 dogs, with a single nodule in 70.3% (64/91), 2 nodules in 25.3% (23/91), and ≥ 3 nodules in 4 (4/91)% of dogs. Hypercalcemia resolved in 89 of 96 dogs within 7 days after surgery. Thirty-four percent of dogs developed hypocalcemia, on the basis of individual analyzer ranges, within 1 week after surgery. One dog had metastatic PTC to the prescapular lymph node, and 3 dogs were euthanized for refractory postoperative hypocalcemia. Estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 84%, 65%, and 51% respectively, with a median survival time of 2 years.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Excision of PTC results in resolution of hypercalcemia and excellent long-term tumor control. Surgical excision of PTC is recommended because of resolution of hypercalcemia and a good long-term prognosis. Future prospective studies and long-term follow-up are needed to further assess primary tumor recurrence, metastasis, and incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia.}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Erickson, Andrea K. and Regier, Penny J. and Watt, Meghan M. and Ham, Kathleen M. and Marvel, Sarah J. and Wallace, Mandy L. and Colopy, Sara A. and Scharf, Valery F. and Zheng, Junxian and Dugat, Danielle R. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1309–1317} }
 @article{sterman_butler_chambers_dickson_dornbusch_mickelson_selmic_scharf_schlag_skinner_et al._2021, title={Post-operative complications following apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma resection in dogs}, ISSN={["1476-5829"]}, DOI={10.1111/vco.12748}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
Describe the complications associated with surgical resection of primary apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) tumors STUDY DESIGN: Multi-institutional retrospective cross-sectional cohort study ANIMALS: Client owned dogs with spontaneous disease METHODS: Using the Clavien-Dindo classification system, post-operative events were assigned and described. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze for risk factors for a significant association with complications.


RESULTS
One hundred sixty-one dogs were included in the analysis. The post-operative sequelae, complication, and failure to cure rates specific to the anal sac site was 14, 17 and 1% respectively. The majority (68%) of complications were grade II or higher, therefore requiring some form of intervention. Intra-operative complications were identified in 11 cases (7%) with anorectal wall perforation being most common. An intra-operative complication was significantly associated with post-operative complications (P < 0.001; OR 7.4) while anorectal wall perforation was the only significant risk factor on regression analysis (P < 0.001; OR 19). Surgical site infection was identified in 20 of 161 (12%) of cases. Local recurrence (LR) occurred in 18% of cases at a median of 374 days (95% CI: 318-430). The only risk factor significantly associated with LR was the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion (P = 0.008; OR 3).


CONCLUSIONS
Post-operative complications were relatively infrequent but the risk was significantly increased when there was an intraoperative complication during resection of a primary AGASACA tumor.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides information for the clinician regarding risk factors for post-operative complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY}, author={Sterman, Allyson and Butler, J. Ryan and Chambers, Aidan and Dickson, Rachel and Dornbusch, Josephine and Mickelson, Megan and Selmic, Laura and Scharf, Valerie and Schlag, Ariel and Skinner, Owen and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{chambers_skinner_mickelson_schlag_butler_wallace_moyer_vinayak_samuel_kennedy_et al._2020, title={Adherence to follow-up recommendations for dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: A multicentre retrospective study}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1476-5829"]}, DOI={10.1111/vco.12597}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY}, author={Chambers, Aidan R. and Skinner, Owen T. and Mickelson, Megan A. and Schlag, Ariel N. and Butler, James Ryan and Wallace, Mandy L. and Moyer, Ashley L. and Vinayak, Arathi and Samuel, Nina and Kennedy, Katie C. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={683–688} }
 @article{su_huang_mathews_scharf_hu_li_frame_cores_dinh_daniele_et al._2020, title={Cardiac Stromal Cell Patch Integrated with Engineered Microvessels Improves Recovery from Myocardial Infarction in Rats and Pigs}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2373-9878"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00942}, abstractNote={The vascularized cardiac patch strategy is promising for ischemic heart repair after myocardial infarction (MI), but current fabrication processes are quite complicated. Vascularized cardiac patches that can promote concurrent restoration of both the myocardium and vasculature at the injured site in a large animal model remain elusive. The safety and therapeutic benefits of a cardiac stromal cell patch integrated with engineered biomimetic microvessels (BMVs) were determined for treating MI. By leveraging a microfluidic method employing hydrodynamic focusing, we constructed the endothelialized microvessels and then encapsulated them together with therapeutic cardiosphere-derived stromal cells (CSCs) in a fibrin gel to generate a prevascularized cardiac stromal cell patch (BMV-CSC patch). We showed that BMV-CSC patch transplantation significantly promoted cardiac function, reduced scar size, increased viable myocardial tissue, promoted neovascularization, and suppressed inflammation in rat and porcine MI models, demonstrating enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional cardiac stromal cell patches. BMV-CSC patches did not increase renal and hepatic toxicity or exhibit immunogenicity. We noted a significant increase in endogenous progenitor cell recruitment to the peri-infarct region of the porcine hearts treated with BMV-CSC patch as compared to those that received control treatments. These findings establish the BMV-CSC patch as a novel engineered-tissue therapeutic for ischemic tissue repair.}, number={11}, journal={ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING}, author={Su, Teng and Huang, Ke and Mathews, Kyle G. and Scharf, Valery F. and Hu, Shiqi and Li, Zhenhua and Frame, Brianna N. and Cores, Jhon and Dinh, Phuong-Uyen and Daniele, Michael A. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={6309–6320} }
 @article{scharf_oblak_hoffman_skinner_neal_cocca_duffy_wallace_2020, title={Clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in 70 dogs}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1748-5827"]}, DOI={10.1111/jsap.13183}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in dogs.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Scharf, V. F. and Oblak, M. L. and Hoffman, K. and Skinner, O. T. and Neal, K. M. and Cocca, C. J. and Duffy, D. J. and Wallace, M. L.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={504–511} }
 @article{dickson_scharf_nelson_petrovitch_keenihan_mathews_2020, title={Computed tomography in two recumbencies aides in the identification of pulmonary bullae in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12905}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Dickson, Rachel and Scharf, Valery F. and Nelson, Nathan C. and Petrovitch, Nicholas and Keenihan, Erin K. and Mathews, Kyle G.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={641–648} }
 @article{milovancev_scharf_townsend_singh_tremolada_worley_schmiedt_2020, title={Partial cystectomy with a bipolar sealing device in seven dogs with naturally occurring bladder tumors}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13395}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Milovancev, Milan and Scharf, Valery F. and Townsend, Katy L. and Singh, Ameet and Tremolada, Giovanni and Worley, Deanna and Schmiedt, Chad W.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={794–799} }
 @article{patel_brady_scharf_2020, title={Single-Incision Laparoscopic Deroofing and Omentalization of a Cystic Renal Adenoma in a Dog}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6991}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Patel, Nikesh J. and Brady, Rachel and Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2020}, pages={331–335} }
 @article{strelchik_coleman_scharf_stoneburner_mankin_2019, title={Intestinal incisional dehiscence rate following enterotomy for foreign body removal in 247 dogs}, volume={255}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.255.6.695}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Strelchik, Alena and Coleman, Michelle C. and Scharf, Valery F. and Stoneburner, Regan M. and Mankin, Kelley M. Thieman}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={695–699} }
 @article{grimes_davis_wallace_sterman_thieman-mankin_lin_scharf_hlusko_matz_cornell_et al._2019, title={Long-term outcome and risk factors associated with death or the need for revision surgery in dogs with permanent tracheostomies}, volume={254}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.254.9.1086}, DOI={10.2460/javma.254.9.1086}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Grimes, Janet A. and Davis, Anastacia M. and Wallace, Mandy L. and Sterman, Allyson A. and Thieman-Mankin, Kelley M. and Lin, Samantha and Scharf, Valery F. and Hlusko, Katelyn C. and Matz, Brad M. and Cornell, Karen K. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1086–1093} }
 @article{sri-jayantha_matthews_scharf_2019, title={Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Rhinosinal Infection in a Dog}, volume={55}, ISSN={0587-2871 1547-3317}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6869}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6869}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, publisher={American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Sri-Jayantha, Loren and Matthews, Kyle G. and Scharf, Valery}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={e551–02} }
 @article{scharf_dent_jacob_moore_2018, title={Efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for repeated sterilization of a single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic surgery port}, volume={48}, ISSN={0161-3499 1532-950X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12905}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12905}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={S1}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Scharf, Valery F. and Dent, Brian and Jacob, Megan E. and Moore, Brandon}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={O59–O65} }
 @article{davis_grimes_wallace_vetter_sterman_mankin_hlusko_matz_lin_scharf_et al._2018, title={Owner Perception of Outcome Following Permanent Tracheostomy in Dogs}, volume={54}, ISSN={0587-2871 1547-3317}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6738}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6738}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, publisher={American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Davis, Anastacia Marie and Grimes, Janet A. and Wallace, Mandy L. and Vetter, Catherine A.M. and Sterman, Allyson and Mankin, Kelley Thieman and Hlusko, Katelyn C. and Matz, Brad M. and Lin, Samantha and Scharf, Valery F. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={285–290} }
 @article{royal_hunt_scharf_correa_mariani_2018, title={Strategies Used for Making Healthy Eating Choices among Veterinary Medical Students}, volume={45}, ISSN={0748-321X 1943-7218}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0317-041r}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.0317-041r}, abstractNote={ Healthy eating is a challenge for most college students, and students in the field of veterinary medicine are no exception. Health experts have recommended that universities emphasize the importance of healthy eating and promote healthy eating habits among students. However, before we can begin offering targeted interventions to promote healthy eating strategies and behaviors, we must first understand students' current strategies used for making healthy eating choices, self-reported eating habits, and perceptions of diet quality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand veterinary medical students' perceptions of current diet quality and to characterize their strategies for making healthy eating choices. Results indicate veterinary medical students employ a wide range of strategies and behaviors for healthy eating, yet few students reported eating a diet of poor quality. We conclude that while most students report eating a relatively healthy diet, variation in strategies used suggests room for improvement for many. This article discusses potential intervention strategies to promote healthy eating among veterinary students. }, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Medical Education}, publisher={University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)}, author={Royal, Kenneth D. and Hunt, Suzanne and Scharf, Valery and Correa, Maria and Mariani, Christopher}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={364–380} }
 @article{scharf_2017, title={Free Grafts and Microvascular Anastomoses}, volume={47}, ISSN={0195-5616}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.06.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.06.009}, abstractNote={Skin grafts and free skin flaps are useful options for closure of wounds in which primary closure or use of traditional skin flaps is not feasible. Grafts are classified by their morphology and host-donor relationship. Free skin flaps with microvascular anastomoses are developed from previously described axial pattern flaps and have the added advantage of reestablishing robust vascular supply to the flap, but require specialized equipment and a high degree of technical expertise. Despite intensive perioperative care and the risk of graft or flap failure, skin grafts and free skin flaps can serve as rewarding methods of closing difficult wounds.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Scharf, Valery F.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={1249–1262} }
 @article{bascunan_mankin_saunders_bright_scharf_singh_l. o'sullivan_brisson_estrada_tou_et al._2017, title={Patent ductus arteriosus in cats (Felis catus): 50 cases (2000-2015)}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1875-0834"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.002}, abstractNote={To describe signalment, clinical characteristics, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome data in a large case series of cats with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Fifty cats with confirmed PDA.Retrospective review of medical records from five referral veterinary hospitals for cats with PDA between 2000 and 2015. Cats were included if a PDA was visualized echocardiographically, during surgery, or on post-mortem examination.Median age at presentation was 6 months (range: 36 days-9.7 years; n = 50), and sex distribution was approximately equal (27 male, 23 female). Most cats did not have clinical signs (70.2%; 33/47) at the time of presentation. Murmurs were classified as continuous (55%; 22/40) or systolic (45%; 18/40). Echocardiography confirmed left-to-right shunting in 33 cats (82.5%; 33/40) and right-to-left shunting in 7 (17.5%; 7/40). Concurrent cardiac anomalies were identified in 54.5% (18/33) and pulmonary hypertension in 45.7% (16/35). Closure was pursued in 68% (34/50), and complications associated with the procedure occurred in 14.7% (5/34) of cats, including one intraoperative mortality. Long-term follow up was available in 80% (40/50) of cats.Cats with PDA often do not display clinical signs and may not have the characteristic physical examination findings typical of PDA in dogs. An increased prevalence of concurrent cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension were found relative to previous reports. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiogram may provide the most comprehensive information for making a diagnosis and treatment recommendations. PDA closure was associated with a favorable long-term outcome in cats included in this study.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY}, author={Bascunan, A. and Mankin, K. M. Thieman and Saunders, A. B. and Bright, J. M. and Scharf, V. and Singh, A. and L. O'Sullivan and Brisson, B. and Estrada, A. H. and Tou, S. P. and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={35–43} }
 @article{alvarez_scharf_case_2015, title={Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Cystopexy in a Cadaveric Canine Model}, volume={44}, ISSN={0161-3499}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12284.x}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12284}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe a technique for laparoscopic cystopexy using knotless barbed suture and to compare this technique with traditional cystopexy using standard suture in a cadaveric canine model.


STUDY DESIGN
Cadaveric study.


ANIMALS
Male canine cadavers (n = 12).


METHODS
Cadavers were randomly assigned to 2 groups: laparoscopic (n = 6) and open (n = 6) cystopexy. Laparoscopic cystopexy was performed intracorporeally using barbed, glycomer 631 suture. Open cystopexy was performed using standard glycomer 631 suture. Pre- and postoperative positive contrast cystography was performed in all dogs. Cystopexy procedure time, length and adherence, as well as number of bladder mucosal suture penetrations were compared between groups.


RESULTS
Mean ± SD cystopexy procedure time was 14.0 ± 3.0 minutes and 5.2 ± 0.5 minutes for the laparoscopic and open groups, respectively (P = .0007). Laparoscopic and open cystopexy lengths were 2.5 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 0.5 cm, respectively (P = .43). Partial suture pullout occurred in 1 dog in the laparoscopic group but subjective cystopexy adherence was adequate in all dogs. Bladder mucosal suture penetration occurred in 3 dogs in both groups (P = .86). Two of 6 cadavers with luminal suture penetration had minor contrast leakage on postoperative contrast cystography. Pre- and postoperative contrast cystography revealed appropriate bladder position in all cadavers.


CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic cystopexy using knotless suture was comparable to an open cystopexy but was associated with a slightly longer procedure time and should be suitable for laparoscopic cystopexy in vivo.}, number={S1}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alvarez, W. Alexander and Scharf, Valery F. and Case, J. Brad}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={44–49} }
 @article{alvarez_scharf_case_2015, title={Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Cystopexy in a Cadaveric Canine Model}, volume={44}, ISSN={0161-3499}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12284.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12284.x}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe a technique for laparoscopic cystopexy using knotless barbed suture and to compare this technique with traditional cystopexy using standard suture in a cadaveric canine model.}, number={S1}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alvarez, W. Alexander and Scharf, Valery F. and Case, J. Brad}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={44–49} }
 @article{scharf_farese_siemann_abbott_kiupel_salute_milner_2014, title={Effects of aurothiomalate treatment on canine osteosarcoma in a murine xenograft model}, volume={25}, ISSN={0959-4973}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000061}, DOI={10.1097/CAD.0000000000000061}, abstractNote={Osteosarcoma is a highly fatal cancer, with most patients ultimately succumbing to metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antirheumatoid drug aurothiomalate on canine and human osteosarcoma cells and on canine osteosarcoma growth and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. We hypothesized that aurothiomalate would decrease osteosarcoma cell survival, tumor cellular proliferation, tumor growth, and metastasis. After performing clonogenic assays, aurothiomalate or a placebo was administered to 54 mice inoculated with canine osteosarcoma. Survival, tumor growth, embolization, metastasis, histopathology, cell proliferation marker Ki67, and apoptosis marker caspase-3 were compared between groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test and one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey’s test or Dunn’s method. Aurothiomalate caused dose-dependent inhibition of osteosarcoma cell survival (P<0.001) and decreased tumor growth (P<0.001). Pulmonary macrometastasis and Ki67 labeling were reduced with low-dose aurothiomalate (P=0.033 and 0.005, respectively), and tumor emboli and pulmonary micrometastases were decreased with high-dose aurothiomalate (P=0.010 and 0.011, respectively). There was no difference in survival, tumor development, ulceration, mitotic indices, tumor necrosis, nonpulmonary metastases, and caspase-3 labeling. Aurothiomalate treatment inhibited osteosarcoma cell survival and reduced tumor cell proliferation, growth, embolization, and pulmonary metastasis. Given aurothiomalate’s established utility in canine and human medicine, our results suggest that this compound may hold promise as an adjunctive therapy for osteosarcoma. Further translational research is warranted to better characterize the dose response of canine and human osteosarcoma to aurothiomalate.}, number={3}, journal={Anti-Cancer Drugs}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Scharf, Valery F. and Farese, James P. and Siemann, Dietmar W. and Abbott, Jeffrey R. and Kiupel, Matti and Salute, Marc E. and Milner, Rowan J.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={332–339} }
 @article{scharf_farese_coomer_milner_taylor_salute_chang_neal_siemann_2013, title={Effect of bevacizumab on angiogenesis and growth of canine osteosarcoma cells xenografted in athymic mice}, volume={74}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.5.771}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.74.5.771}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Scharf, Valery F. and Farese, James P. and Coomer, Alastair R. and Milner, Rowan J. and Taylor, David P. and Salute, Marc E. and Chang, Myron N. and Neal, Dan and Siemann, Dietmar W.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={771–778} }