@article{ashrafi_hu_lucia_krause_2021, title={Bacterial Superoleophobic Fibrous Matrices: A Naturally Occurring Liquid-Infused System for Oil-Water Separation}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02717}, abstractNote={Nanocellulose fibers bioengineered by bacteria are a high-performance three-dimensional cross-linked network which can confine a dispersed liquid medium such as water. The strong chemical and physical interactions of dispersed water molecules with the entangled cellulosic network allow these materials to be ideal substrates for effective liquid separation. This type of phenomenon can be characterized as green with no equivalent precedent; its performance and sustainability relative to other cellulose-based or synthetic membranes are shown herein to be superior. In this work, we demonstrated that the renewable bacterial nanocellulosic membrane can be used as a stable liquid-infused system for the development of soft surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion properties and thus address intractable issues normally encountered by solid surfaces.}, number={8}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Ashrafi, Zahra and Hu, Zimu and Lucia, Lucian and Krause, Wendy}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={2552–2562} }
 @article{rashid_gorga_krause_2021, title={Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Fibers-A Critical Review}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1527-2648"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100153}, DOI={10.1002/adem.202100153}, abstractNote={The mechanical properties of electrospun fibers play an important role in determining their applications. Most of the reported literature measures the mechanical properties of electrospun mats, scaffolds, or films instead of single fibers; however, a basic understanding of the relationship between the mechanical properties of the single fiber and that of the mat is critical to obtain precise information for choosing their application. This Review aims to evaluate the reported mechanical properties of electrospun fibers and the variables that influence those properties. An overview on the recent inputs in the development of mechanical properties of electrospun fibers is given, illustrating attempts to tailor mechanical properties of the fibers and/or mats. The necessity of determining flexible and reliable testing methods to establish testing standards for obtaining consistent and reliable data for both electrospun fibers and mats is also highlighted.}, journal={ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rashid, Taslim Ur and Gorga, Russell E. and Krause, Wendy E.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{ashrafi_lucia_krause_2020, title={Underwater Superoleophobic Matrix-Formatted Liquid-Infused Porous Biomembranes for Extremely Efficient Deconstitution of Nanoemulsions}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.0c13718}, abstractNote={Wettability is one of the most critical interfacial properties of any surface. Surfaces with special wettability such as superwetting or superantiwetting are being intensively explored for their wide-ranging applicability by a biomimetic exploration of unusual wetting phenomena in nature. This study provides a green water-infused superoleophobic composite membrane by boosting bacteria nanocellulose growth on a reinforcement fibrous substrate. It was shown that this versatile antifouling membrane is capable of removing water from surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water micro/nanoemulsions and helps to isolate the oil fraction with very high filtration efficiency. The renewable membrane based on bacteria nanocellulose matrices can vastly improve current technologies by cultivating a naturally occurring soft materials approach with lubricious conformal interfaces to effectively and simply cover suitable surfaces.}, number={45}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Ashrafi, Zahra and Lucia, Lucian and Krause, Wendy}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={50996–51006} }
 @article{ashrafi_lucia_krause_2019, title={Bioengineering tunable porosity in bacterial nanocellulose matrices}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1744-6848"]}, DOI={10.1039/c9sm01895f}, abstractNote={Our work provides the first accounting of how specific culture conditions, i.e., carbon nutrient sources, control morphological and physical properties in bacterial cellulose filaments.}, number={45}, journal={SOFT MATTER}, author={Ashrafi, Zahra and Lucia, Lucian and Krause, Wendy}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={9359–9367} }
 @misc{ashrafi_lucia_krause_2019, title={Nature-Inspired Liquid Infused Systems for Superwettable Surface Energies}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.9b00930}, abstractNote={The development of an innovative interfacial wetting strategy known as liquid infused systems offers great promise for the advanced design of superwetting and superantiwetting substrates to overcome the drawbacks of textured surfaces classified under the heading of Cassie/Wenzel states. The potential value of nature-inspired surfaces has significant potential to address scientific and technological challenges within the field of interfacial chemistry. The objective of the current review is to provide insights into a fruitful and young field of research, highlight its historical developments, examine its nature-inspired design principles, gauge recent progress in emerging applications, and offer a fresh perspective for future research.}, number={24}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Ashrafi, Zahra and Lucia, Lucian and Krause, Wendy}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={21275–21293} }
 @article{lee_krim_2017, title={3D face recognition in the Fourier domain using deformed circular curves}, volume={28}, ISSN={0923-6082 1573-0824}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11045-015-0334-7}, DOI={10.1007/s11045-015-0334-7}, number={1}, journal={Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Lee, Deokwoo and Krim, Hamid}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={105–127} }
 @article{narayanan_tekbudak_caydamli_dong_krause_2017, title={Accuracy of electrospun fiber diameters: The importance of sampling and person-to-person variation}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1873-2348"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.04.017}, abstractNote={Potential sampling errors (regional variation) on an electrospun mat were explored and person-to-person (analyst affect) variation in image analysis of the fiber diameter were investigated via detailed statistical analyses. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples were prepared from the vertical midline of a single non-woven mat of electrospun polyethylene oxide. Thirteen analysts with identical training and instructions measured the diameters of the nanofibers from the six SEM images and statistical analyses were performed on the resulting data. The fiber diameters were significantly different in the lower region than the upper and center regions. Furthermore, the fiber diameters in the lower region—from micrographs taken only millimeters apart—were statistically different demonstrating a statistically significant regional variation in the sample. Furthermore, statistically significant variation between the analysts also was observed, with the average fiber diameter ranging from 166 nm to 276 nm.}, journal={POLYMER TESTING}, author={Narayanan, Ganesh and Tekbudak, Merve Yasemin and Caydamli, Yavuz and Dong, Ju and Krause, Wendy E.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={240–248} }
 @article{li_nandgaonkar_habibi_krause_wei_lucia_2017, title={An environmentally benign approach to achieving vectorial alignment and high microporosity in bacterial cellulose/chitosan scaffolds}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c6ra26049g}, abstractNote={Bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers secreted by Komagataeibacter xylinus 10245 were applied alone or with chitosan to prepare highly aligned and porous scaffolds through a liquid nitrogen-initiated ice “templating” and freeze-drying process.}, number={23}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Li, Guohui and Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Habibi, Youssef and Krause, Wendy E. and Wei, Qufu and Lucia, Lucian A.}, year={2017}, pages={13678–13688} }
 @article{li_nandgaonkar_habibi_krause_wei_lucia_2017, title={An environmentally benign approach to achieving vectorial alignment and high microporosity in bacterial cellulose/chitosan scaffolds (vol 7, pg 13678, 2017)}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c7ra90040f}, abstractNote={Correction for ‘An environmentally benign approach to achieving vectorial alignment and high microporosity in bacterial cellulose/chitosan scaffolds’ by Guohui Li et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 13678–13688.}, number={27}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Li, Guohui and Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Habibi, Youssef and Krause, Wendy E. and Wei, Qufu and Lucia, Lucian A.}, year={2017}, pages={16737–16737} }
 @article{li_nandgaonkar_wang_zhang_krause_wei_lucia_2017, title={Laccase-immobilized bacterial cellulose/TiO2 functionalized composite membranes: Evaluation for photo- and bio-catalytic dye degradation}, volume={525}, ISSN={0376-7388}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2016.10.033}, DOI={10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2016.10.033}, abstractNote={Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by the fermentation of Komagataeibacter xylinus. Subsequently, through site-directed surface oxidation chemistry, the hydroxyl groups of BC were successfully oxidized into aldehyde groups that served as anchors for covalent immobilization of laccase (Lac) to the newly developed oxidized BC (OBC) membrane. TiO2 was additionally co-immobilized to OBC to produce a novel material in which dye degradation was carried out under specific conditions. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed the installation of both TiO2 and laccase on the surface of OBC nanofiber membrane. The optimum pH, temperature, thermal stability, operational stability of the OBC/Lac and OBC/TiO2-Lac membrane were also studied in detail. In addition, the effect of the temperature and pH on dye degradation was also investigated. The results showed that the oxidation process successfully introduced aldehyde groups onto the BC (FT-IR), and also improved the stability of the immobilized laccase. Compared with free laccase, the optimum pH of immobilized laccase shifted to lower pH, while the optimum temperature decreased from 55 °C to 50 °C. The dye degradation experiments showed that the optimum pH for dye degradation was 5.0–6.0, while the optimum temperature was ~40 °C. Under UV illumination, the dye degradation efficiency was significantly improved. Therefore, functionalized composite bacterial cellulose nanofiber membranes with a combined bio- and photo- catalytic property are a potentially valid approach for industrial textile dye degradation.}, journal={Journal of Membrane Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Guohui and Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Wang, Qingqing and Zhang, Jinning and Krause, Wendy E. and Wei, Qufu and Lucia, Lucian A.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={89–98} }
 @article{li_nandgaonkar_lu_krause_lucia_wei_2016, title={Laccase immobilized on PAN/O-MMT composite nanofibers support for substrate bioremediation: a de novo adsorption and biocatalytic synergy}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c6ra00220j}, abstractNote={The engineering of supports for enzyme immobilization while retaining competent functionality is nontrivial.}, number={47}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Li, Guohui and Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Lu, Keyu and Krause, Wendy E. and Lucia, Lucian A. and Wei, Qufu}, year={2016}, pages={41420–41427} }
 @article{nandgaonkar_wang_fu_krause_wei_gorga_a. lucia_2014, title={A one-pot biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/bacterial cellulose (BC) nanocomposites}, volume={16}, ISSN={1463-9262 1463-9270}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4GC00264D}, DOI={10.1039/c4gc00264d}, abstractNote={Graphene oxide was successfully reduced to graphene using a bacterial cellulose culture medium that was further processed to fabricate in situ composites of bacterial cellulose/reduced graphene oxide gelatinous hybrids, aerogels, and membranes.}, number={6}, journal={Green Chemistry}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Wang, Qingqing and Fu, Kun and Krause, Wendy E. and Wei, Qufu and Gorga, Russel and A. Lucia, Lucian}, year={2014}, pages={3195–3201} }
 @article{song_krause_rojas_2014, title={Adsorption of polyalkyl glycol ethers and triblock nonionic polymers on PET}, volume={420}, ISSN={["1095-7103"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2014.01.012}, abstractNote={Surface modification enables fiber lubrication and processing but little is known about the extent and dynamics of adsorption of typical adsorbates applied for such purposes, which often includes water-soluble block nonionic amphiphilic polymers. In this work we used quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) to investigate the adsorption on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) of polyalkyl glycol ethers and triblock molecules of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The adsorption from aqueous solution of the block nonionic amphiphilic polymers strongly correlated with the self-association driven by the chain length of the respective hydrophobic blocks. This was demonstrated for the different adsorbing polymers using hydrophobic numbers calculated from simple group contribution methods. Hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions explain the affinity of the nonionic polymers with PET, which lead to adsorption isotherms that follow Langmuir-based and one-step empirical adsorption models.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE}, author={Song, Junlong and Krause, Wendy E. and Rojas, Orlando J.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={174–181} }
 @article{wang_nandgaonkar_cui_huang_krause_lucia_wei_2014, title={Atom efficient thermal and photocuring combined treatments for the synthesis of novel eco-friendly grid-like zein nanofibres}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c4ra11792a}, abstractNote={We report herein for the first time, a novel crosslinking approach for the synthesis of grid-like zein nanofibres with SbQ (styrylpyridinequaternary) realized by a simple electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment and/or UV illumination.}, number={106}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Wang, Qingqing and Nandgaonkar, Avinav G. and Cui, Jing and Huang, Fenglin and Krause, Wendy E. and Lucia, Lucian A. and Wei, Qufu}, year={2014}, pages={61573–61579} }
 @article{ramirez_kean_orlicki_champhekar_elsakr_krause_craig_2013, title={Mechanochemical strengthening of a synthetic polymer in response to typically destructive shear forces}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1755-4349"]}, DOI={10.1038/nchem.1720}, abstractNote={High shear stresses are known to trigger destructive bond-scission reactions in polymers. Recent work has shown that the same shear forces can be used to accelerate non-destructive reactions in mechanophores along polymer backbones, and it is demonstrated here that such mechanochemical reactions can be used to strengthen a polymer subjected to otherwise destructive shear forces. Polybutadiene was functionalized with dibromocyclopropane mechanophores, whose mechanical activation generates allylic bromides that are crosslinked in situ by nucleophilic substitution reactions with carboxylates. The crosslinking is activated efficiently by shear forces both in solvated systems and in bulk materials, and the resulting covalent polymer networks possess moduli that are orders-of-magnitude greater than those of the unactivated polymers. These molecular-level responses and their impact on polymer properties have implications for the design of materials that, like biological materials, actively remodel locally as a function of their physical environment. Materials typically break down in response to the repeated mechanical forces that they experience during use. Now, it has been shown that a mechanochemically active polymer can respond to shear forces by forming more bonds than are broken, leading to improved mechanical properties under conditions that would otherwise be destructive.}, number={9}, journal={NATURE CHEMISTRY}, author={Ramirez, Ashley L. Black and Kean, Zachary S. and Orlicki, Joshua A. and Champhekar, Mangesh and Elsakr, Sarah M. and Krause, Wendy E. and Craig, Stephen L.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={757–761} }
 @article{liu_li_krause_pasquinelli_rojas_2012, title={Mesoscopic Simulations of the Phase Behavior of Aqueous EO19PO29EO19 Solutions Confined and Sheared by Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84863067883&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/am200917h}, abstractNote={The MesoDyn method is used to investigate associative structures in aqueous solution of a nonionic triblock copolymer consisting of poly(propylene oxide) capped on both ends with poly(ethylene oxide) chains. The effect of adsorbing (hydrophobic) and nonadsorbing (hydrophilic) solid surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions of the polymer is elucidated. The macromolecules form self-assembled structures in solution. Confinement under shear forces is investigated in terms of interfacial behavior and association. The formation of micelles under confinement between hydrophilic surfaces occurs faster than in bulk aqueous solution while layered structures assemble when the polymers are confined between hydrophobic surfaces. Micelles are deformed under shear rates of 1 μs(-1) and eventually break to form persistent, adsorbed layered structures. As a result, surface damage under frictional forces is prevented. Overall, this study indicates that aqueous triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) (Pluronics, EO(m)PO(n)EO(m)) act as a boundary lubricant for hydrophobic surfaces but not for hydrophilic ones.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Liu, Hongyi and Li, Yan and Krause, Wendy E. and Pasquinelli, Melissa A. and Rojas, Orlando J.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={87–95} }
 @article{liu_li_krause_rojas_pasquinelli_2012, title={The Soft-Confined Method for Creating Molecular Models of Amorphous Polymer Surfaces}, volume={116}, ISSN={["1520-6106"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84863136276&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jp209024r}, abstractNote={The goal of this work was to use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to build amorphous surface layers of polypropylene (PP) and cellulose and to inspect their physical and interfacial properties. A new method to produce molecular models for these surfaces was developed, which involved the use of a "soft" confining layer comprised of a xenon crystal. This method compacts the polymers into a density distribution and a degree of molecular surface roughness that corresponds well to experimental values. In addition, calculated properties such as density, cohesive energy density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and the surface energy agree with experimental values and thus validate the use of soft confining layers. The method can be applied to polymers with a linear backbone such as PP as well as those whose backbones contain rings, such as cellulose. The developed PP and cellulose surfaces were characterized by their interactions with water. It was found that a water nanodroplet spreads on the amorphous cellulose surfaces, but there was no significant change in the dimension of the droplet on the PP surface; the resulting MD water contact angles on PP and amorphous cellulose surfaces were determined to be 106 and 33°, respectively.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Liu, Hongyi and Li, Yan and Krause, Wendy E. and Rojas, Orlando J. and Pasquinelli, Melissa A.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={1570–1578} }
 @article{liu_li_krause_rojas_pasquinelli_2012, title={The Soft-Confined Method for Creating Molecular Models of Amorphous Polymer Surfaces}, volume={116}, ISSN={1520-6106 1520-5207}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp301233x}, DOI={10.1021/jp301233x}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionThe Soft-Confined Method for Creating Molecular Models of Amorphous Polymer SurfacesHongyi Liu, Yan Li, Wendy E. Krause, Orlando J. Rojas*, and Melissa A. Pasquinelli*Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116, 8, 2633Publication Date (Web):February 16, 2012Publication History Published online16 February 2012Published inissue 1 March 2012https://doi.org/10.1021/jp301233xCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (96 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts}, number={8}, journal={The Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Liu, Hongyi and Li, Yan and Krause, Wendy E. and Rojas, Orlando J. and Pasquinelli, Melissa A.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={2633–2633} }
 @article{lin_ji_medford_shi_krause_zhang_2011, title={Electrocatalytic interaction of nano-engineered palladium on carbon nanofibers with hydrogen peroxide and beta-NADH}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1432-8488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117879/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-010-1218-2}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Shi, Quan and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={1287–1294} }
 @article{lin_woodroof_ji_liang_krause_zhang_2010, title={Effect of Platinum Salt Concentration on the Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Platinum Acetylacetonate Solution}, volume={116}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540059/}, DOI={10.1002/app.31616}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Lin, Zhan and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Ji, Liwen and Liang, Yinzheng and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={895–901} }
 @article{lin_ji_toprakci_krause_zhang_2010, title={Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported Pt-Pd alloy composites for oxygen reduction}, volume={25}, ISSN={["2044-5326"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674398/}, DOI={10.1557/jmr.2010.0163}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber-supported Pt–Pd alloy composites were prepared by co-electrodepositing Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM)/(EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the composition of Pt–Pd alloy on the composites, and the co-electrodeposition mechanism of Pt–Pd alloy was investigated. The resultant Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 at 25 °C to study their electrocatalytic ability to reduce oxygen. Results show that Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites possess good performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Among all Pt–Pd/carbon nanofibers prepared, the nanofiber composite with a Pt–Pd loading of 0.90 mg/cm2 has the highest electrocatalytic activity by catalyst mass.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1329–1335} }
 @article{lin_ji_woodroof_yao_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Carbon Nanofiber-Supported Platinum by 1-AP Functionalization and Polyol Processing Technique}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540058/}, DOI={10.1021/jp9096138}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of the carbon nanofibers. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have Pt nanoparticles with a smaller size and better distribution compared with those treated with conventional acids. Moreover, Pt/1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area, improved performance toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, and relatively...}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Yao, Yingfang and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={3791–3797} }
 @article{lin_ji_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and electrocatalysis of 1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofiber-supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540088/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.059}, abstractNote={Platinum–ruthenium/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing PtRu nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of PtRu nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of carbon nanofibers. The resulting PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by cyclic voltammogram in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions, respectively. The PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have smaller nanoparticles and a more uniform distribution, compared with those pretreated with conventional acids. Moreover, PtRu/1-aminopyrene functionalized carbon nanofibers have high active surface area and improved performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.}, number={17}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={5520–5526} }
 @article{shankar_klossner_weaver_koga_zanten_krause_colina_tanaka_spontak_2009, title={Competitive hydrogen-bonding in polymer solutions with mixed solvents}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1744-683X"]}, DOI={10.1039/b808479c}, abstractNote={Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coil size is investigated in a binary mixture of solvent molecules capable of cooperatively hydrogen-bonding with each other, as well as with the PEO chains. Viscometry reveals a minimum in zero shear rate solution viscosity at a molar ratio of ∼2:1 water:methanol. This viscosity coincides with a minimum in PEO gyration radius and occurs near the conditions where water/methanol mixtures deviate most markedly from ideal solution behavior. A minimum in polymer mean square end-to-end distance is predicted for polymer solutions composed of two hydrogen-bonding solvents.}, number={2}, journal={SOFT MATTER}, author={Shankar, Ravi and Klossner, Rebecca R. and Weaver, Juan T. and Koga, Tsuyoshi and Zanten, John H. and Krause, Wendy E. and Colina, Coray M. and Tanaka, Fumihiko and Spontak, Richard J.}, year={2009}, pages={304–307} }
 @article{song_liang_liu_krause_hinestroza_rojas_2009, title={Development and characterization of thin polymer films relevant to fiber processing}, volume={517}, ISSN={["0040-6090"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.015}, abstractNote={Dilute solutions of cellulose, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon and polyester were spun cast onto gold and silica wafers to generate thin films of these polymers, which are commonly used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. The thin films were used as substrates in the quartz crystal microbalance and nano-indentation techniques to monitor adsorption and friction behaviors after treatment with a polymer solution (as a mimic of a textile finish). The spin coating conditions were optimized in terms of the resulting film morphology, thickness and surface energy. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, ellipsometry and contact angle were used to probe the physical and surface properties of the resulting films. Overall, we developed thin films that are helpful to inquire, at the molecular level, phenomena relevant to fiber and textile processing including swelling, degradation, and adsorption of polymers and surfactants.}, number={15}, journal={THIN SOLID FILMS}, author={Song, Junlong and Liang, Jing and Liu, Xiaomeng and Krause, Wendy E. and Hinestroza, Juan P. and Rojas, Orlando J.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={4348–4354} }
 @article{klossner_queen_coughlin_krause_2008, title={Correlation of Chitosan's Rheological Properties and Its Ability to Electrospin}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1525-7797"]}, DOI={10.1021/bm800738u}, abstractNote={Chitosan-based, defect-free nanofibers with average diameters ranging from 62 +/- 9 nm to 129 +/- 16 nm were fabricated via electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Several solution parameters such as acetic acid concentration, polymer concentration, and polymer molecular weight were investigated to optimize fiber consistency and diameter. These parameters were evaluated using the rheological properties of the solutions as well as images produced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the electrospun nanofibers. Generally, SEM imaging demonstrated that as total polymer concentration (chitosan + PEO) increased, the number of beads decreased, and as chitosan concentration increased, fiber diameter decreased. Chitosan-PEO solutions phase separate over time; as a result, blended solutions were able to be electrospun with the weakest electric field and the least amount of complications when solutions were electrospun within 24 h of initially being blended. The addition of NaCl stabilized these solutions and increased the time the blended solutions could be stored before electrospinning. Pure chitosan nanofibers with high degrees of deacetylation (about 80%) were unable to be produced. When attempting to electrospin highly deacetylated chitosan from aqueous acetic acid at concentrations above the entanglement concentration, the electric field was insufficient to overcome the combined effect of the surface tension and viscosity of the solution. Therefore, the degree of deacetylation is an extremely important parameter to consider when attempting to electrospin chitosan.}, number={10}, journal={BIOMACROMOLECULES}, author={Klossner, Rebecca R. and Queen, Hailey A. and Coughlin, Andrew J. and Krause, Wendy E.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={2947–2953} }
 @article{ojha_stevens_hoffman_stano_klossner_scott_krause_clarke_gorga_2008, title={Fabrication and characterization of electrospun chitosan nanofibers formed via templating with polyethylene oxide}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1526-4602"]}, DOI={10.1021/bm800551q}, abstractNote={Chitosan is an abundantly common, naturally occurring, polysaccharide biopolymer. Its biocompatible, biodegradable, and antimicrobial properties have led to significant research toward biological applications such as drug delivery, artificial tissue scaffolds for functional tissue engineering, and wound-healing dressings. For applications such as tissue scaffolding, formation of highly porous mats of nanometer-sized fibers, such as those fabricated via electrospinning, may be quite important. Previously, strong acidic solvents and blending with synthetic polymers have been used to achieve electrospun nanofibers containing chitosan. As an alternative approach, in this work, polyethylene oxide (PEO) has been used as a template to fabricate chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning in a core-sheath geometry, with the PEO sheath serving as a template for the chitosan core. Solutions of 3 wt % chitosan (in acetic acid) and 4 wt % PEO (in water) were found to have matching rheological properties that enabled efficient core-sheath fiber formation. After removing the PEO sheath by washing with deionized water, chitosan nanofibers were obtained. Electron microscopy confirmed nanofibers of approximately 250 nm diameter with a clear core-sheath geometry before sheath removal, and chitosan nanofibers of approximately 100 nm diameter after washing. The resultant fibers were characterized with IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the mechanical and electrical properties were evaluated.}, number={9}, journal={BIOMACROMOLECULES}, author={Ojha, Satyajeet S. and Stevens, Derrick R. and Hoffman, Torissa J. and Stano, Kelly and Klossner, Rebecca and Scott, Mary C. and Krause, Wendy and Clarke, Laura I. and Gorga, Russell E.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={2523–2529} }
 @article{colby_boris_krause_dou_2007, title={Shear thinning of unentangled flexible polymer liquids}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0035-4511"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00397-006-0142-y}, number={5}, journal={RHEOLOGICA ACTA}, author={Colby, R. H. and Boris, D. C. and Krause, W. E. and Dou, S.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={569–575} }
 @misc{oates_krause_jones_colby_2006, title={Rheopexy of synovial fluid and protein aggregation}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1742-5662"]}, DOI={10.1098/rsif.2005.0086}, abstractNote={Bovine synovial fluid and albumin solutions of similar concentration are rheopectic (stress increases with time in steady shear). This unusual flow characteristic is caused by protein aggregation, and the total stress is enhanced by entanglement of this tenuous protein network with the long-chain polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate under physiological conditions. Neutron scattering measurements on albumin solutions demonstrate protein aggregation and all measurements are consistent with a weak dipolar attraction energy (of order 3kT) that is most likely augmented by hydrophobic interactions and/or disulfide bond formation between proteins. Protein aggregation appears to play an important role in the mechanical properties of blood and synovial fluid. We also suggest a connection between the observed rheopexy and the remarkable lubrication properties of synovial fluid.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE}, author={Oates, KMN and Krause, WE and Jones, RL and Colby, RH}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={167–174} }
 @article{bordi_cametti_tan_boris_krause_plucktaveesak_colby_2002, title={Determination of polyelectrolyte charge and interaction with water using dielectric spectroscopy}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0024-9297"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma020116a}, abstractNote={Using the dielectric strength and relaxation time of a high-frequency (1 MHz−1 GHz) dielectric relaxation, we estimate the effective charge on polyelectrolytes and their net thermodynamic repulsive...}, number={18}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Bordi, F and Cametti, C and Tan, JS and Boris, DC and Krause, WE and Plucktaveesak, N and Colby, RH}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={7031–7038} }
 @article{krause_bellomo_colby_2001, title={Rheology of sodium hyaluronate under physiological conditions}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1526-4602"]}, DOI={10.1021/bm0055798}, abstractNote={Sodium hyaluronate NaHA in phosphate-buffered saline behaves as a typical polyelectrolyte in the high-salt limit, as Newtonian viscosities are observed over a wide range of shear rates. There is no evidence of intermolecule hydrogen bonding causing gel formation in NaHA solutions without protein present. The concentration dependences of viscosity, relaxation time, and terminal modulus are consistent with observations on flexible, neutral polymers in good solvents, which are known to be in the same universality class as flexible polyelectrolytes in the presence of excess salt.}, number={1}, journal={BIOMACROMOLECULES}, author={Krause, WE and Bellomo, EG and Colby, RH}, year={2001}, pages={65–69} }
 @article{krause_tan_colby_1999, title={Semidilute solution rheology of polyelectrolytes with no added salt}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0887-6266"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991215)37:24<3429::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-E}, abstractNote={We report rheological data on anionic polyelectrolyte solutions of variable chain length and concentration, specifically sodium poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate), with no added salt. Our results are consistent with literature data on the sodium salt of sulfonated polystyrene. We find a strong dependence of viscosity η on chain length: η ∼ M 2,4 This is in reasonable agreement with the scaling theory proposed by Witten and Pincus (η ∼ M 2 ) and is much stronger than the scaling prediction of Dobrynin et al. (η ∼ M). The ratio of the viscosity and relaxation time gives the modulus at the relaxation time, which is experimentally consistent with the kT per chain expected by Dobrynin et al., and much smaller than the kT per charged monomer expected by Witten and Pincus (upon which the η ∼ M 2 prediction is based). Thus, we are forced to draw a conclusion for polyelectrolytes that seems to be a recurring one in polymer dynamics: The modulus is in quantitative agreement with theory, but the relaxation time is poorly understood. This exemplifies the fact that frictional and/or hydrodynamic interactions are not properly accounted for in scaling theories of polymer dynamics.}, number={24}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Krause, WE and Tan, JS and Colby, RH}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={3429–3437} }
 @article{colby_boris_krause_tan_1997, title={Polyelectrolyte conductivity}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0887-6266"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199712)35:17<2951::AID-POLB18>3.0.CO;2-6}, abstractNote={Using the de Gennes scaling model for the configuration of a polyelectrolyte chain in semidilute solution, we construct a simple model of AC conductivity for semidilute solutions of strongly charged polyelectrolytes without added salt. We compare the predictions of this model with literature data and new data on two polyelectrolytes with very different affinities for water. The sodium salt of sulfonated polystyrene in water is a hydrophobic polyelectrolyte (the uncharged monomer does not dissolve in water), where the chain is locally collapsed. The sodium salt of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate), is a much more hydrophilic polyelectrolyte, making the chain quite expanded locally. The model describes the conductivity of both cases reasonably for concentrations below 10−2 M (mol of monomer per liter). Deviations between experiment and theory at higher concentrations lead us to conclude that counterion condensation decreases as concentration is increased. This is qualitatively consistent with the experimental observation that the dielectric constant of the polyelectrolyte solution increases as polyelectrolyte is added. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2951–2960, 1997}, number={17}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Colby, RH and Boris, DC and Krause, WE and Tan, JS}, year={1997}, month={Dec}, pages={2951–2960} }