Thomas Whitaker

Tittlemier, S. A., & Whitaker, T. B. (2023). Current sampling plans can introduce high variance in mycotoxin testing results as demonstrated by the online FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 16(2), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2022.2804

Xu, F., Baker, R. C., Whitaker, T. B., Luo, H., Zhao, Y., Stevenson, A., … Zhang, G. (2022). [Review of Review of good agricultural practices for smallholder maize farmers to minimise aflatoxin contamination]. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 15(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2021.2685

Kumphanda, J., Matumba, L., Monjerezi, M., Whitaker, T. B., De Saeger, S., & Makun, H. A. (2021). Are sample size and sample preparation for mycotoxin quantitation in grain products getting trivialized? FOOD CONTROL, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108400

Kibugu, J., Mdachi, R., Munga, L., Mburu, D., Whitaker, T., Huynh, T. P., … Lindahl, J. F. (2021). Improved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feed. TOXINS, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13030216

Davis, B. I., Agraz, C. B., Kline, M., Gottschall, E., Nolt, M., Whitaker, T. B., … Davis, J. P. (2021). Measurements of High Oleic Purity in Peanut Lots Using Rapid, Single Kernel Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY, 98(6), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12487

Sharma, G. M., Wang, S. S., Pereira, M., Bedford, B., Wehling, P., Arlinghaus, M., … Chirtel, S. J. (2021). Sampling plan designs for gluten estimation in oat flour by discrete and composite sampling. FOOD CONTROL, 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107943

Sharma, G. M., Pereira, M., Wang, S. S., Chirtel, S. J., Whitaker, T. B., Wehling, P., … Williams, K. M. (2020). Evaluation of sampling plans for measurement of gluten in oat groats. FOOD CONTROL, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107241

Kumphanda, J., Matumba, L., Whitaker, T. B., Kasapila, W., & Sandahl, J. (2019). Maize meal slurry mixing: an economical recipe for precise aflatoxin quantitation. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 12(3), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2018.2415

Tittlemier, S. A., Chan, J., Gaba, D., Pleskach, K., Osborne, J., Slate, A. B., & Whitaker, T. B. (2019). Revisiting the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 12(4), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2019.2450

Pitt, J., Boesch, C., Whitaker, T. B., & Clarke, R. (2018). A systematic approach to monitoring high preharvest aflatoxin levels in maize and peanuts in Africa and Asia. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 11(4), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2018.2317

Ozer, H., Basegmez, H. I. O., Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2017). Sampling dried figs for aflatoxin - Part 1: variability associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 10(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2052

Ozer, H., Basegmez, H. I. O., Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2017). Sampling dried figs for aflatoxin - Part II: effect of sampling plan design on reducing the risk of misclassifying lots. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 10(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2127

Berthiller, F., Brera, C., Crews, C., Iha, M. H., Krska, R., Lattanzio, V. M. T., … Whitaker, T. B. (2016). [Review of Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2014-2015]. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 9(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.1998

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Nowicki, T. W., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2016). Variability and distribution among sample test results when sampling unprocessed wheat lots for ochratoxin A. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 9(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.1970

Berthiller, F., Brera, C., Crews, C., Iha, M. H., Krska, R., Lattanzio, V. M. T., … Whitaker, T. B. (2015). [Review of Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2013-2014]. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 8(1), 5–35. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2014.1840

Farkas, Z., Slate, A., Whitaker, T. B., Suszter, G., & Ambrus, A. (2015). Use of Combined Uncertainty of Pesticide Residue Results for Testing Compliance with Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 63(18), 4418–4428. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf505512h

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Nowicki, T. W., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2015). Variability and distribution among sample test results when sampling unprocessed oat lots for ochratoxin A. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 8(4), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2014.1858

Berthiller, F., Burdaspal, P. A., Crews, C., Iha, M. H., Krska, R., Lattanzio, V. M. T., … Whitaker, T. B. (2014). [Review of Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2012-2013]. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 7(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2013.1637

Sharma, G. M., Khuda, S. E., Pereira, M., Slate, A., Jackson, L. S., Pardo, C., … Whitaker, T. B. (2013). Development of an Incurred Cornbread Model for Gluten Detection by Immunoassays. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 61(49), 12146–12154. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf404072x

Shephard, G. S., Berthiller, E., Burdaspal, P. A., Crews, C., Jonker, M. A., Krska, R., … Whitaker, T. B. (2012). Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 5(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2011.1338

Vargas, E. A., Santos, E. A., Whitaker, T. B., & Slate, A. B. (2011). Determination of aflatoxin risk components for in-shell Brazil nuts. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT, 28(9), 1242–1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.596488

Shephard, G. S., Berthiller, F., Burdaspal, P., Crews, C., Jonker, M. A., Krska, R., … Whitaker, T. B. (2011). Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2009-2010. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 4(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2010.1249

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Adams, J. G., Birmingham, T., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2010). Comparing the performance of sampling plans that use a single regulatory limit based upon total aflatoxins to sampling plans that use dual limits based upon B-1 and total aflatoxins. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 3(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2009.1169

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A., Birmingham, T., Adams, J., Jacobs, M., & Gray, G. (2010). Correlation between aflatoxin contamination and various USDA grade categories of shelled almonds. Journal of AOAC International, 93(3), 943–947.

Shephard, G. S., Berthiller, F., Dorner, J., Krska, R., Lombaert, G. A., Malone, B., … Whitaker, T. B. (2010). Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2008-2009. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 3(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2009.1172

Brera, C., De Santis, B., Prantera, E., Debegnach, F., Pannunzi, E., Fasano, E., … Whitaker, T. B. (2010). Effect of Sample Size in the Evaluation of "In-Field" Sampling Plans for Aflatoxin B-1 Determination in Corn. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 58(15), 8481–8489. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1018356

Peterson, G. L., Whitaker, T. B., Stefanski, R. J., Podleckis, E. V., Phillips, J. G., Wu, J. S., & Martinez, W. H. (2009). A Risk Assessment Model for Importation of United States Milling Wheat Containing Tilletia contraversa. PLANT DISEASE, 93(6), 560–573. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-6-0560

Shephard, G. S., Berthiller, F., Dorner, J., Krska, R., Lombaert, G. A., Malone, B., … Whitaker, T. B. (2009). Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2007-2008. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 2(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1095

Trucksess, M. W., Whitaker, T. B., Weaver, C. M., Slate, A., Giesbrecht, F. G., Rader, J. I., & Betz, J. M. (2009). Sampling and Analytical Variability Associated with the Determination of Total Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Powdered Ginger Sold As a Dietary Supplement in Capsules. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 57(2), 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf8017854

Whitaker, T. B., Trucksess, M. W., Weaver, C. M., & Slate, A. (2009). Sampling and analytical variability associated with the determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in bulk lots of powdered ginger marketed in 1-lb bags. ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 395(5), 1291–1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2880-z

Park, D. L., Whitaker, T. B., Simonson, J., Morris, H. F., Durr, B., & Njapau, H. (2007). Determining the variability associated with testing shelled corn for aflatoxin using different analytical procedures in Louisiana in 1998. Journal of AOAC International, 90(4), 1036–1041.

Whitaker, T. B., Doko, M. B., Maestroni, B. M., Slate, A. B., & Ogunbanwo, B. F. (2007). Evaluating the performance of sampling plans to detect fumonisin B-1 in maize lots marketed in Nigeria. Journal of AOAC International, 90(4), 1050–1059.

Whitaker, T. B., Saltsman, J. J., Ware, G. M., & Slate, A. B. (2007). Evaluating the performance of sampling plans to detect hypoglycin A in ackee fruit shipments imported into the United States. Journal of AOAC International, 90(4), 1060–1072.

Greene, J. L., Whitaker, T. B., Hendrix, K. W., & Sanders, T. H. (2007). Fruity fermented off-flavor distribution in samples from large peanut lots. JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, 22(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2007.00119.x

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Hurley, J. M., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (2007). Sampling almonds for aflatoxin, Part II: Estimating risks associated with various sampling plan designs. Journal of AOAC International, 90(3), 778–785.

Ozay, G., Seyhan, F., Yilmaz, A., Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., & Giesbrecht, F. C. (2007). Sampling hazelnuts for aflatoxin: Effect of sample size and accept/reject limit on reducing the risk of misclassifying lots. Journal of AOAC International, 90(4), 1028–1035.

Vargas, E. A., Whitaker, T. B., Dos Santos, E. A., Slate, A. B., Lima, F. B., & Franca, R. C. A. (2006, January). Design of a sampling plan to detect ochratoxin A in green coffee. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT, Vol. 23, pp. 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500258656

Johansson, A. S., Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Bowman, D. T., Slate, A. B., & Payne, G. (2006). Predicting aflatoxin and fumonisin in shelled corn lots sing poor-quality grade components. Journal of AOAC International, 89(2), 433–440.

Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Jacobs, M., Hurley, J. M., Adams, J. C., & Giesbrecht, F. C. (2006). Sampling almonds for aflatoxin, part I: Estimation of uncertainty associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis. Journal of AOAC International, 89(4), 1027–1034.

Whitaker, T. B. (2006, January). Sampling foods for mycotoxins. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS, Vol. 23, pp. 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500241587

Ozay, G., Seyhan, F., Yilmaz, A., Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., & Giesbrecht, F. (2006). Sampling hazelnuts for aflatoxin: Uncertainty associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis. Journal of AOAC International, 89(4), 1004–1011.

Vargas, E. A., Whitaker, T. B., Santos, E. A., Slate, A. B., Lima, F. B., & Franca, R. C. A. (2006). Testing green coffee for ochratoxin A, part III: Performance of ochratoxin A sampling plan. Journal of AOAC International, 89(4), 1021–1026.

Whitaker, T. B., Williams, K. M., Trucksess, M. W., & Slate, A. B. (2005). Immunochemical analytical methods for the determination of peanut proteins in foods. Journal of AOAC International, 88(1), 161–174.

Whitaker, T. B., & Johansson, A. S. (2005, June). Sampling uncertainties for the detection of chemical agents in complex food matrices. JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, Vol. 68, pp. 1306–1313. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-68.6.1306

Vargas, E. A., Whitaker, T. B., Dos Santos, E. A., Slate, A. B., Lima, F. B., & Franca, R. C. A. (2005). Testing green coffee for ochratoxin A, part II: Observed distribution of ochratoxin A test results. Journal of AOAC International, 88(3), 780–787.

Whitaker, T. B., Trucksess, M. W., Giesbrecht, F. G., Slate, A. B., & Thomas, F. S. (2004). Evaluation of sampling plans to detect Cry9C protein in corn flour and meal. Journal of AOAC International, 87(4), 950–960.

Vargas, E. A., Whitaker, T. B., Santos, E. A., Slate, A. B., Lima, F. B., & Franca, R. C. A. (2004). Testing green coffee for ochratoxin A, Part I: Estimation of variance components. Journal of AOAC International, 87(4), 884–891.

Trucksess, M. W., Whitaker, T. B., Slate, A. B., Williams, K. M., Brewer, V. A., Whittaker, P., & Heeres, J. T. (2004). Variation of analytical results for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate. Journal of AOAC International, 87(4), 943–949.

Whitaker, T. B. (2003). [Review of Detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities]. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY, 23(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1385/MB:23:1:61

Whitaker, T. B., Richard, J. L., Giesbrecht, F. G., Slate, A. B., & Ruiz, N. (2003). Estimating deoxynivalenol in shelled corn barge lots by measuring deoxynivalenol in corn screenings. Journal of AOAC International, 86(6), 1187–1192.

Whitaker, T. B. (2003). Standardisation of mycotoxin sampling procedures: an urgent necessity. FOOD CONTROL, 14(4), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(03)00012-4

Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Johansson, A. S. (2002). Sampling wheat for deoxynivalenol. Mycotoxins and Food Safety  (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; v. 504), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_8

Vandeven, M., Whitaker, T., & Slate, A. (2002). Statistical approach for risk assessment of aflatoxin sampling plan used by manufacturers for raw shelled peanuts. Journal of AOAC International, 85(4), 925–932.

Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Johansson, A. S., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Trucksess, M. W. (2001). Distribution among sample test results when testing shelled corn lots for fumonisin. Journal of AOAC International, 84(3), 770–776.

Whitaker, T. B., Freese, L., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Slate, A. B. (2001). Sampling grain shipments to detect genetically modified seed. Journal of AOAC International, 84(6), 1941–1946.

Whitaker, T. B., Wu, J., Peterson, G. L., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Johansson, A. S. (2001). Variability associated with the official USDA sampling plan used to inspect export wheat shipments for Tilletia controversa spores. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 50(6), 755–760. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00640.x

Park, D. L., Whitaker, T. B., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Njapau, H. (2000). Performance of three pneumatic probe samplers and four analytical methods used to estimate aflatoxins in bulk cottonseed. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 1247–1251.

Whitaker, T. B. (2000). Sampling agricultural commodities for mycotoxins. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 12451245.

Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Johansson, A. S. (2000). Sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 1285–1292.

Johansson, A. S., Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Giesbrecht, F. G., Young, J. H., & Bowman, D. T. (2000). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part I: Estimation of variance components. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 1264–1269.

Johansson, A. S., Whitaker, T. B., Giesbrecht, F. G., Hagler, W. M., & Young, J. H. (2000). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part II: Modeling the observed distribution of aflatoxin test results. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 1270–1278.

Johansson, A. S., Whitaker, T. B., Giesbrecht, F. G., Hagler, W. M., & Young, J. H. (2000). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part III: Evaluating the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans. Journal of AOAC International, 83(5), 1279–1284.

Bechtel, D. B., Wilson, J. D., Eustace, W. D., Behnke, K. C., Whitaker, T., Peterson, G. L., & Sauer, D. B. (1999). Fate of dwarf bunt fungus teliospores during milling of wheat into flour. CEREAL CHEMISTRY, 76(2), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.270

Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (1999). Performance of sampling plans to determine aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanut lots by measuring aflatoxin in high-risk- grade components. Journal of AOAC International, 82(2), 264–270.

Whitaker, T. B., Hagler, W. M., Giesbrecht, F. G., Dorner, J. W., Dowell, F. E., & Cole, R. J. (1998). Estimating aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanut lots by measuring aflatoxin in various peanut-grade components. Journal of AOAC International, 81(1), 61–67.

Giesbrecht, F. G., & Whitaker, T. B. (1998). Investigations of the problems of assessing aflatoxin levels in peanuts. BIOMETRICS, 54(2), 739–753. https://doi.org/10.2307/3109780

Whitaker, T. B., Trucksess, M. W., Johansson, A. S., Giesbrecht, F. G., Hagler, W. M., & Bowman, D. T. (1998). Variability associated with testing shelled corn for fumonisin. Journal of AOAC International, 81(6), 1162–1168.

Whitaker, T., Giesbrecht, F., & Wu, J. (1996). Suitability of several statistical models to simulate observed distribution of sample test results in inspections of aflatoxin-contaminated peanut lots. Journal of AOAC International, 79(4), 981.

Whitaker, T., Horwitz, W., Albert, R., & Nesheim, S. (1996). Variability associated with analytical methods used to measure aflatoxin in agricultural commodities. Journal of AOAC International, 79(2), 476.

Whitaker, T. B., Springer, J., Defize, P. R., DeKoe, W. J., & Coker, R. (1995). Evaluation of sampling plans used in the United States, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands to test raw shelled peanuts for aflatoxin. Journal of AOAC International, 78(4), 1010.

Whitaker, T. B., Wu, J., Dowell, F. E., Hagler, W. M., Jr., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (1994). Effects of sample size and sample acceptance level on the number of aflatoxin-contaminated farmers' stock lots accepted and rejected at the buying point. Journal of AOAC International, 77(6), 1672.

Whitaker, T. B., Giesbrecht, F. G., Wu, J., Hagler, W. M., Jr., & Dowell, F. E. (1994). Predicting the distribution of aflatoxin test results from farmers' stock peanuts. Journal of AOAC International, 77(3), 659.

Whitaker, T. B., Dowell, F. E., Hagler, W. M., Jr., Giesbrecht, F. G., & Wu, J. (1994). Variability associated with sampling, sample preparation, and chemical testing for aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanuts. Journal of AOAC International, 77(1), 107.

Whitaker, T. B., Dickens, J. W., & Giesbrecht, F. G. (1991). Variability associated with determining grade factors and support price of farmers stock peanuts. Peanut Science, 18(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-2-15

Whitaker, T. B. (1990). Reply to "Reaction to a paper by Whitaker and Dickens on aflatoxin testing plans for shelled peanuts in the U.S. and the export market". Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 73(5), 812.