@article{yin_tao_jasper_2020, title={A theoretical model to investigate the performance of cellulose yarns constrained to lie on a moving solid cylinder}, volume={27}, ISSN={0969-0239 1572-882X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03408-y}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-020-03408-y}, abstractNote={Cellulose fibers, such as cotton and linen, are abundant in farmer's fields. The traditional bottom-up technology to process these short staple fibers is spinning. State-of-the-art spinning technology requires not only high throughput processing of the cellulose fibers, but also the addition of functionalities and value into the supply chain. Recently, a modified ring spinning system has been developed which introduces a false twist into a traditional ring spinning frame. The modified system produces cellulose yarns that have a high strength but low twist, and a soft hand similar to cashmere. Unlike traditional textile finishing treatments which consume plenty of chemicals, water, and energy, this method is purely physical and sustainable. The superior properties of the modified cellulose yarns are attributed to the modified yarn morphology and structure. Theoretical investigation is, therefore, important in understanding of the spinning mechanisms of the modified ring spinning process that changes the morphology and structure of the cellulose yarns. In this paper, yarn behavior constrained to lie on a moving solid cylinder was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Equations of motion were derived based on the Cosserat theory and numerical solutions in steady-state were obtained in terms of yarn spatial path, yarn tension, twist distribution, yarn bending, and torsional moments. Effects of various spinning parameters including wrap angle, speed of the moving cylinder, yarn diameter, yarn tension, yarn twist, and frictional coefficient, on yarn behavior were discussed. The results suggested that in most cases the bending and torsional moments are of the same order of magnitude, and thus the effect of bending cannot be neglected. Experiments in the modified ring spinning system were conducted to verify the theoretical work, and good agreement has been made. Some simulation results of this study were compared with the results of earlier models as well as with experimental data, and it was found that the current model can obtain a more accurate prediction than previous models in terms of yarn twist and tension. The results gained from this study will enrich our understanding of the spinning mechanism of the modified ring spinning process and better handle of cellulose fibers for functional and value-added applications.}, number={16}, journal={Cellulose}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Yin, Rong and Tao, Xiaoming and Jasper, Warren}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={9683–9698} } @article{jasper_anand_2019, title={A generalized variational approach for predicting contact angles of sessile nano-droplets on both flat and curved surfaces}, volume={281}, ISSN={["1873-3166"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.039}, abstractNote={Derivations of Young's equation have traditionally neglected the Laplace pressure and its influence on the curvature of sessile droplets under thermodynamic equilibrium. Omission of the Laplace pressure results in overestimating the line tension by several orders of magnitude and contributes to significant errors in predicting the contact angle for droplet volumes ranging from micro-liters to atto-liters. This paper addresses this issue and offers a correct inclusion of VdP as a virtual work term in the free energy variation at the liquid-vapor boundary for both flat and curved surfaces. While the Laplace pressure is constant at the liquid-vapor interface as a condition of equilibrium, the variation of the Laplace pressure is not zero, as it influences both the shape (spherical cap) and contact angle of sessile droplets. Inclusion of this term leads naturally to a definition of the line tension as a volume dependent term, and more importantly to a correct prediction in both sign and magnitude of the line tension value. The inclusion of VdP work predicts a cubic relationship between the cosine of the contact angle and droplet line radius. This new model extends existing theories on the behavior of nanosized droplets and its predictions exhibit quantitative agreement with experimental results for nonane, dodecane, fullerene, and glycerol trioleate over a range of 15 orders of magnitude in droplet volume. Finally, we also theorize the existence of two different equilibrium contact angles at lower droplet volumes. These two values diverge with the inverse line radius.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS}, author={Jasper, Warren J. and Anand, Nadish}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={196–203} } @article{jasper_vidwans_2019, title={An Application of Lean Six Sigma in Cotton Yarn Dyeing}, volume={19}, ISSN={1532-8813}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ar.19.5.3}, DOI={10.14504/ar.19.5.3}, number={5}, journal={AATCC Review}, publisher={American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC)}, author={Jasper, Warren J. and Vidwans, Shirin}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={44–48} } @inproceedings{jasper_2019, title={Incorporating wireless data acquisition into the STEM Curriculum: A case study with Lean Six Sigma}, booktitle={2019 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference}, author={Jasper, W.J.}, year={2019} } @inbook{jasper_rasipuram_2017, place={United Kingdom}, series={Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles}, title={Plasma textiles as fibrous filter media}, ISBN={9780081005828}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-08-100573-6.00011-3}, abstractNote={Plasma textiles are a new class of compact filters which provide enhanced submicron particle filtration for particle diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm without exhibiting a most penetrating particle size (MPPS). Unlike traditional passive respiratory filters, plasma textiles are active tunable filters which can be manufactured from woven, nonwoven, or knitted fabrics. They are embedded with high-voltage electrodes to produce in-situ room temperature/cold plasma. Simultaneous charging and capture of incoming submicron particles are achieved by a corona discharge that is initiated by applying high voltages beyond 6 kV. Both the woven and the nonwoven plasma textiles provide filtration efficiencies close to 100% for ultra-fine particles, indicating that electrostatic forces dominate at higher voltages. The maximum filtration efficiency obtained with the woven plasma textile exceeds HEPA specification and the nonwoven plasma textile exceeds the filtration efficiency of ULPA filters.}, booktitle={Fibrous Filter Media}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Jasper, W.J. and Rasipuram, S.C.}, year={2017}, pages={191–210}, collection={Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles} } @article{fu_farrell_hauser_hinks_jasper_ankeny_2017, title={Real-time dyebath monitoring of reactive dyeing on cationized cotton for levelness control: part 2-effects of leveling agents and dye dosing}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-017-1291-0}, number={7}, journal={CELLULOSE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Fu, Sha and Farrell, Matthew J. and Hauser, Peter J. and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren J. and Ankeny, Mary A.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={3061–3071} } @article{jasper_rasipuram_2017, title={Relationship between contact angle and contact line radius for micro to atto [10(-6) to 10(-18)] liter size oil droplets}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1873-3166"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.134}, abstractNote={Contact angles of liquids on surfaces characterize wettability and have been studied extensively, especially for sessile droplets on flat surfaces. Continuum models that incorporate the contact line energy into Young's equation predict a linear dependence between the cosine of the contact angle and the inverse line radius. Experimental evidence for non-volatile nanodroplets suggests a non-linear relationship. At these dimensions (femto and atto liter sized droplets), experimental evidence suggests a flattening of the curve which can be explained by the addition of internal Laplace pressures. This, in turn, indicates that the contact angle for ultra small droplets is less than that measured for macro droplets.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jasper, Warren J. and Rasipuram, Srinivasan}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={920–926} } @article{wu_miao_jasper_kuznetsov_2016, title={Modeling of submicron particle filtration in an electret monolith filter with rectangular cross-section microchannels}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1521-7388"]}, DOI={10.1080/02786826.2016.1218437}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Electret monolith filters have the advantage of low pressure drop and high filtration efficiency. In such filters, the filtration of submicron aerosol particles occurs as air passes through millions of microchannels. This article investigates the flow and filtration mechanisms in a representative rectangular microchannel of an electret monolith filter. An improved incompressible lattice Boltzmann method with Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (traditionally shortened as LBGK) and lattice velocity D3Q15 model is employed to simulate no-slip and slip flows in the rectangular microchannels of a monolith filter. We considered mono-disperse submicron particles and one-way coupling (particle motion was affected by the flow, but the presence of particles did not affect the flow). Based on flow computations, the effects of key dimensionless parameters (Reynolds number, Knudsen number, Stokes number and the dimensionless length of the channel) on the total capture efficiency of mono-disperse submicron particles were investigated. Our results indicate that the optimal monolith filter should be characterized by a Knudsen number between 0.022 and 0.044, and that the dimensionless length of the channel should be between 4 and 8. Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research}, number={10}, journal={AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Wu, Guojiang and Miao, Zhengqing and Jasper, Warren J. and Kuznetsov, Andrey V.}, year={2016}, pages={1033–1043} } @article{fu_farrell_hauser_hinks_jasper_ankeny_2016, title={Real-time dyebath monitoring of reactive dyeing on cationized cotton for levelness control: part 1-influence of dye structure, temperature, and addition of soda ash}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-016-1008-9}, number={5}, journal={CELLULOSE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Fu, Sha and Farrell, Matthew J. and Hauser, Peter J. and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren J. and Ankeny, Mary A.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={3319–3330} } @article{sun_denhartog_jasper_2015, title={Effects of Air Velocity, Air Gap Thickness and Configuration on Heat Transfer of a Wearable Convective Cooling System}, volume={05}, ISSN={2165-8064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-8064.1000227}, DOI={10.4172/2165-8064.1000227}, abstractNote={The effects of air velocity, air-gap thickness and configuration on heat transfer of a wearable convective cooling system were modeled using a 2-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Three different configurations, one with eight 1 cm fans (8 × 1 model); one with four 2 cm fans (4 × 2 model); and one with four 1 cm fans (4 × 1 model) were studied at different inlet air velocities of 0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s and 1.0 m/s and with air gaps of 3 mm, 7 mm and 11 mm. The simulations showed that the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients varied with a power function of inlet air velocity, but the exponent was larger than reported in the literature. At lower air velocities, the heat transfer coefficients increased as the gap between the skin and the undergarment widened. At higher inlet air velocities, 3 mm and 11 mm air gaps showed the highest heat transfer values. The ratios of the heat transfer coefficients of the 8 × 1 and 4 × 2 models to the 4 × 1 models were both less than 2 indicating that doubling the inlet airflow does not double the heat transfer capability. The ratios of convective to evaporative heat transfer coefficients were around 8.63 K/kPa (SD 0.25 K/kPa), and were independent on the air velocity and configurations of the cooling system, suggesting that convective and evaporative heat transfer are fully coupled. This ratio also shows that the vapor permeability index of our system is around 0.52. Using slightly larger fans should be more effective in enhancing heat transfer than using more fans.}, number={06}, journal={Journal of Textile Science & Engineering}, publisher={OMICS Publishing Group}, author={Sun, Yu and DenHartog, E.A. and Jasper, Warren J}, year={2015} } @article{sun_jasper_2015, title={Numerical modeling of heat and moisture transfer in a wearable convective cooling system for human comfort}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1873-684X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.06.008}, abstractNote={The design and analysis of a lightweight wearable convective cooling system was proposed for human thermal comfort in minimally air-conditioned work environments. The aim of this system was to reduce the overall energy consumption and realize energy savings by minimizing air-conditioning during the summer months without compromising human comfort. The proposed system consists of a series of microfans, placed in a ribbon and attached to a garment to provide cooling through convective and evaporative heat transfer. Three different configurations were analyzed: one had four 1 cm microfans; the second one had four 2 cm fans and the third had eight 1 cm fans. With these configurations, a series of 2-dimensional models of the convective and evaporative heat transfer at the skin surface were numerically simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics at 0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s and 1 m/s inlet airflow velocities. The convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients at the skin surface were calculated which indicated peaks at the skin surface facing the inlet airflows from the fans. The combination of two opposing sub-flows produced small eddies and increased the coefficient of convective and evaporative heat transfer at high inlet airflow velocities and thicker air gaps. Our convective cooling system significantly improved the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients when the inlet airflows were at 0.75 m/s and 1 m/s. This modeling method provides an analytical approach to study the design of a microfan system to optimize heat exchange and minimize energy usage.}, journal={BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Yu and Jasper, Warren J.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={50–62} } @misc{jasper_günay_2014, title={Measurement and control of dyeing}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857097583.206}, DOI={10.1533/9780857097583.206}, abstractNote={Abstract: The traditional dyeing process is described as a black box, in which the amount of dye on the fabric is not known until the dyeing is completed. Advances in spectrophotometry and computation have enabled an indirect determination of the amount of dye on fabric during the dyeing process based on Beer’s law. The principles of a dyebath monitoring technology that allow the analysis and control of the dyeing process are introduced. This measurement technology can aid in troubleshooting root causes in shade reproducibility that can occur from variability in dye strength, the fabric or the dyeing process.}, journal={Modelling, Simulation and Control of the Dyeing Process}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Jasper, W.J. and Günay, M.}, year={2014}, pages={206–221} } @article{jasper_jasper_2013, title={Methods and impact of reducing salt in dyeing cellulose: a case study with CI Direct Blue 90}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1478-4408"]}, DOI={10.1111/cote.12042}, abstractNote={The addition of large amounts of salt is one of the most important environmental problems in the dyeing of cellulosic fibres with direct or reactive dyes. This study was undertaken to determine an accurate and effective method for measuring the impact of salt on the dyeing process. This method has been applied to the case of CI Direct Blue 90 by utilising real‐time measurements of dye exhaustion for different salt and dye concentrations. Reductions in salt by a factor of 4 were achieved with no effect on the final shade. It is proposed that this method could be used to reduce the amount of salt for many other direct dyes, or to enable the dyer to quantify the trade‐off between time to final exhaustion and salt addition.}, number={5}, journal={COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jasper, Samuel M. and Jasper, Warren J.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={385–388} } @article{gangadharan_sanghavi_kuznetsov_jasper_2013, title={Modeling of Flow Through a Sandwiched Monolith Filter}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0272-6351"]}, DOI={10.1080/02726351.2012.715614}, abstractNote={The flow field and filtration efficiency was modeled and analyzed for a novel monolith filter, comprised of a series of layers of microchannels. In our simulations, we considered two scenarios: the fluid flowing tangentially across the filter face (cross flow) and fluid flowing normal to the filter face (normal flow). The aim of this article is to study the effect of having two or more layers of filters in series on particle capture efficiency. This will help in understanding the mechanisms of particle capture and provide inputs for studying particle segregation or selective filtration using monolith filters. The influences of particle size, number of filter layers and pressure drop on particle capture efficiency were also investigated.}, number={3}, journal={PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Gangadharan, S. and Sanghavi, R. S. and Kuznetsov, A. V. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={226–233} } @article{rasipuram_wu_kuznetsov_kuznetsov_levine_jasper_saveliev_2013, title={Submicrometre particle filtration with a dc activated plasma textile}, volume={47}, ISSN={0022-3727 1361-6463}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/2/025201}, DOI={10.1088/0022-3727/47/2/025201}, abstractNote={Plasma textiles are novel fabrics incorporating the advantages of cold plasma and low-cost non-woven or woven textile fabrics. In plasma textiles, electrodes are integrated into the fabric, and a corona discharge is activated within and on the surface of the fabric by applying high voltages above 10 kV between the electrodes. When the plasma textile is activated, submicrometre particles approaching the textile are charged by the deposition of ions and electrons produced by the corona, and then collected by the textile material. A stable plasma discharge was experimentally verified on the surface of the textile that was locally smooth but not rigid. A filtration efficiency close to 100% was observed in experiments conducted on salt particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm. Unlike conventional fibrous filters, the plasma textile provided uniform filtration in this range, without exhibiting a maximum particle penetration size.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Rasipuram, S C and Wu, M and Kuznetsov, I A and Kuznetsov, A V and Levine, J F and Jasper, W J and Saveliev, A V}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={025201} } @article{wu_jasper_kuznetsov_johnson_rasipurarn_2013, title={Submicron particle filtration in monolith filters - A modeling and experimental study}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1879-1964"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaerosci.2012.09.002}, abstractNote={With over a million micron-sized channels per square centimeter arranged in a regular pattern on a thin film, monolith filters have significant potential for submicron aerosol particle filtration, even though the filtration process with this class of filters has not been well studied. In order to better understand the capture mechanisms and the main factors that affect the capture efficiency, so as to build predictive numerical models and to improve the design of monolith filters, the filtration process in monolith filters was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Using an electrostatic particle classifier (EPC) and a condensation particle counter (CPC), the experimental platform measured the capture efficiency of salt particles with diameters ranging from 50–300 nm on two monolith filter samples. Based on the filtration process and the repeating geometric structure, a single unit model was proposed. The drag force, electrostatic force, and Brownian motion are considered as the major forces affecting particle motion. Published theories underestimated the capture efficiency compared to the experimental results. The Brownian motion model and the capture criterion were then empirically modified to gain better agreement with the experiment.}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wu, Mengbai and Jasper, Warren J. and Kuznetsov, Andrey V. and Johnson, Nathan and Rasipurarn, Srinivasan C.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={96–113} } @article{kuznetsov_saveliev_rasipuram_kuznetsov_brown_jasper_2012, title={Development of Active Porous Medium Filters Based on Plasma Textiles}, volume={1453}, ISSN={["0094-243X"]}, DOI={10.1063/1.4711186}, abstractNote={Inexpensive, flexible, washable, and durable materials that serve as antimicrobial filters and self-decontaminating fabrics are needed to provide active protection to people in areas regularly exposed to various biohazards, such as hospitals and bio research labs working with pathogens. Airlines and cruise lines need such material to combat the spread of infections. In households these materials can be used in HVAC filters to fight indoor pollution, which is especially dangerous to people suffering from asthma. Efficient filtering materials are also required in areas contaminated by other types of hazardous dust particulates, such as nuclear dust. The primary idea that guided the undertaken study is that a microplasma-generating structure can be embedded in a textile fabric to generate a plasma sheath (“plasma shield”) that kills bacterial agents coming in contact with the fabric. The research resulted in the development of a plasma textile that can be used for producing new types of self-decontaminating ...}, journal={POROUS MEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND INDUSTRY}, publisher={AIP}, author={Kuznetsov, Ivan A. and Saveliev, Alexei V. and Rasipuram, Srinivasan and Kuznetsov, Andrey V. and Brown, Alan and Jasper, Warren}, year={2012}, pages={265–270} } @misc{kuznetsov_jasper_rasipuram_kuznetsov_brown_saveliev_2012, title={Development of Plasma Textile for Nanoparticle Filtration and Bacterial Deactivation}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73019}, DOI={10.1115/icnmm2012-73019}, abstractNote={A novel woven textile material capable of generating stable low temperature plasma was created. This resulted in enhancing the capture efficiency of nanoparticles when the material was used as a filter as well as exhibiting anti-bacterial properties. The primary supposition of the study is that a micro-plasma array can be embedded into a textile fabric to induce a plasma sheath that filters and deactivates bacterial pathogens coming into contact with the fabric. The work proceeded through a series of steps: (1) determining the optimal type of plasma discharge; (2) finding the ideal wire electrode material, radii and placement to achieve stable uniform generation of non-thermal plasmas; (3) modeling the electric field surrounding the electrodes to evaluate the impact of an insulating textile on the electrode system; (4) testing various polymers and developing a plasma textile based on electrode geometries found in experimentation; (5) measuring the filtration efficiencies of the plasmas using a differential mobility and a condensation particle counter; and (6) testing the textile fabric’s ability to deactivate bacteria. The work confirmed the existence of sustainable, uniform plasma on the surface of the developed fabric capable of capturing over 98% of bacteria-sized particles and deactivating tested bacteria.}, journal={ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels}, publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers}, author={Kuznetsov, Ivan A. and Jasper, Warren and Rasipuram, Srinivasan and Kuznetsov, Andrey V. and Brown, Alan and Saveliev, Alexei V.}, year={2012}, month={Jul} } @article{gangadharan_kuznetsov_zhu_hinestroza_jasper_2012, title={Modeling of Cross-Flow Across an Electrostatically Charged Monolith Filter}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0272-6351"]}, DOI={10.1080/02726351.2011.604394}, abstractNote={The flow field and filtration efficiency of electrostatically charged micro-channel filters under cross-flow conditions were modeled. In our simulations, the fluid flows tangentially to the filter face (cross-flow). Particles with diameters larger than 2 μm were considered in this study, hence, the effects of Brownian motion were not included in the simulations. The influence of particle size, pressure drop, and electrostatic charge on the filtration efficiency was investigated. Measurements from performing electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) on the monolith sample confirmed the presence of charge and gave a qualitative measurement of the charge distribution. Results from the flow simulations indicate that the electrostatic forces increased the particle capture efficiency only at lower pressure drop. At higher pressure drops, electrostatic forces did not significantly increase the capture efficiency of the particles. Also, the capture efficiency of relatively small particles is found to be more dependent on the pressure drop across the filter than that of larger particles.}, number={5}, journal={PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Gangadharan, S. and Kuznetsov, A. V. and Zhu, H. and Hinestroza, J. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={2012}, pages={461–473} } @article{kim_hinestroza_jasper_barker_2011, title={Application of Electrostatic Force Microscopy on Characterizing an Electret Fiber: Effect of Tip to Specimen Distance on Phase Shift}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-011-0089-1}, number={1}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Kim, J. and Hinestroza, J. P. and Jasper, W. and Barker, R. L.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={89–94} } @article{lee_shamey_hinks_jasper_2011, title={Development of a Comprehensive Visual Dataset Based on a CIE Blue Color Center: Assessment of Color Difference Formulae Using Various Statistical Methods}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1520-6378"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650106644&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/col.20549}, abstractNote={The objectives of this work were to develop a comprehensive visual dataset around one CIE blue color center, NCSU-B1, and to use the new dataset to test the performance of the major color difference formulae in this region of color space based on various statistical methods. The dataset comprised of 66 dyed polyester fabrics with small color differences () around a CIE blue color center. The visual difference between each sample and the color center was assessed by 26 observers in three separate sittings using a modified AATCC gray scale and a total of 5148 assessments were obtained. The performance of CIELAB, CIE94, CMC(l:c), BFD(l:c), and CIEDE2000 (KL:KC:KH) color difference formulae based on the blue dataset was evaluated at various KL (or l) values using PF/3, conventional correlation coefficient (r), Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and the STRESS function. The optimum range for KL (or l) was found to be 1–1.3 based on PF/3, 1.4–1.7 based on r, and 1–1.4 based on STRESS, and in these ranges the performances of CIEDE2000, CMC, BFD and CIE94 were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level. At KL (or l) = 1, the performance of CIEDE2000 was statistically improved compared to CMC, CIE94 and CIELAB. Also, for NCSU-B1, the difference in the performance of CMC (2:1) from the performance of CMC (1:1) was statistically insignificant at 95% confidence. The same result was obtained when the performance of all the weighted color difference formulae were compared for KL (or l) 1 versus 2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011}, number={1}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lee, Seung Geol and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={27–41} } @article{wu_kuznetsov_jasper_2011, title={Distribution characteristics of exhaust gases and soot particles in a wall-flow ceramics filter}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1879-1964"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.04.003}, abstractNote={An inhomogeneous soot distribution in a diesel particulate filter may deteriorate its behavior and result in higher pressure drops and fuel consumption. This will cause mechanical stresses on the filter due to temperature gradients resulting from the non-uniformly burning of soot during regeneration. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the flow distribution of the exhaust gas entering into a diesel particulate filter, the turbulent motion of diesel soot particles in the inlet header, and their deposition and distribution in the front surface of a diesel particulate filter. A Lagranian continuous random walk (CRW) model is developed to simulate soot particulate motion, which considers a succession of uncorrelated random forcing and drift corrections. The effects of particle inertia, turbulent fluctuation, and lift on the particle motion and trajectory are analyzed. Correlations of the uniformity index of the exhaust gas and soot particles with the flow rate, soot loading, and inlet expansion angle are evaluated. The results show that there is a two-peak phenomenon in the soot distribution at the front entrance of the filter, which is comprised of a peak in the central area due to inertia and a second peak in the periphery owing to diffusion and recirculation action. Exhaust flow rates and the inlet expansion angle have a major influence on the flow uniformity and soot uniformity, while soot loading has a slightly smaller effect on soot uniformity.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wu, Guojiang and Kuznetsov, Andrey V. and Jasper, Warren J.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={447–461} } @article{günay_farrell_dixon_smith_jasper_2011, title={Fiber Analysis via Real-Time Monitoring of Dye Uptake}, volume={11}, number={4}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Günay, M. and Farrell, M. and Dixon, W. and Smith, B. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={2011} } @article{kim_jasper_barker_hinestroza_2010, title={Application of Electrostatic Force Microscopy on Characterizing an Electrically Charged Fiber}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-010-0775-4}, number={5}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Kim, J. and Jasper, W. and Barker, R. L. and Hinestroza, J. P.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={775–781} } @article{guenay_jasper_2010, title={Limitations in predicting dyebath exhaustion using optical spectroscopy}, volume={126}, ISSN={["1472-3581"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00238.x}, abstractNote={There are practical limitations in predicting dyebath concentrations and dyebath exhaustion using absorbance measurements from optical spectroscopy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the common assumptions of prediction models that cause prediction errors, and especially when multiple dye combinations are used. If a linear model is used to map absorbance to concentration, then five assumptions must hold: measurement repeatability, linear scaling, spectral additivity, linear independence of the constituent spectra and the absence of spectral morphing. Violation of one or more of these assumptions will lead to errors in predicting the concentrations of dyes in a dyebath and subsequent exhaustion calculations.}, number={3}, journal={COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Guenay, Melih and Jasper, Warren J.}, year={2010}, pages={140–146} } @misc{wu_kuznetsov_jasper_2010, title={Modeling Mass Transfer and Nanoparticle Capture in Electrostatically Charged Monolith Filters}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22205}, DOI={10.1115/ihtc14-22205}, abstractNote={Analyzing trajectories of particles in monolith filters is important for predicting the capture efficiency and improving the design of this class of filters. Modeling and simulations of the particle trajectories are carried out to evaluate the probability of capture by the filter’s front surface and filter channel’s inner wall. Due to Brownian motion and electrostatic attraction, the particles exhibit a random walk and their trajectories deviate from the streamlines of the fluid flow. Particle trajectories are computed by the integration of Newton’s second law, where the electrostatic force, the Brownian motion force resulting from random collisions of the particle with air molecules, and the drag force from the surrounding fluid are all taken into account. A computer simulation for computing the particle trajectories and evaluating the probability of particle capture by the filter was developed. For this model, both flow field and electric field must be provided. The electric charge was assumed to be uniformly distributed along the edge of the channels of the filter and calculated numerically. The flow field is difficult to obtain due to the complex geometry of the model. The commercial CFD package ANSYS CFX [1] is used to compute the flow field. The resulting velocity flow field is then used to evaluate the drag force on the particles. We assume a one-way coupling between the fluid flow and the particle motion. Although there can be over one million uniformly distributed channels per square centimeter in the monolith filter, for simulation purposes, a single unit cell which models only one channel is used. The single unit model effectively describes the behavior of particles outside and inside the channels of monolith filter. The effects of different forces and different particle sizes were analyzed to investigate which factors affect the capture efficiency.}, journal={2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Volume 6}, publisher={ASMEDC}, author={Wu, M. and Kuznetsov, A. V. and Jasper, W.}, year={2010}, month={Jan} } @article{wu_kuznetsov_jasper_2010, title={Modeling of particle trajectories in an electrostatically charged channel}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1070-6631"]}, DOI={10.1063/1.3369004}, abstractNote={Modeling and analyses of filtration efficiency in electrostatically charged monolith filters are important for evaluating and designing this class of filters. Unlike traditional fibrous filters which comprise external flow around a fiber, monolith filters are modeled as internal flow through small channels. Analogous to single fiber theory for external flows, single channel theory is used to analyze basic fluid mechanics in monolith filters and predict filtration efficiencies. The model incorporates three forces: hydrodynamic forces, electrostatic forces, and Brownian motion. Fluid velocity within the channels is calculated by using an analytical solution for circular channel flow, within which the slip boundary condition is considered because of small length scales. This velocity field is then used to evaluate the drag force on the particle according to Stokes’s law. For this model, a one-way coupling between the fluid flow and the particle motion is assumed due to the fact that the relaxation time for the particles simulated in this paper is very small compared to the time the particles spend in the channel. The electrostatic field is computed assuming a uniform charge distribution on the inner surface of a cylindrical channel of finite length. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, particles are randomly injected into a single channel to determine the filtration efficiency.}, number={4}, journal={PHYSICS OF FLUIDS}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Wu, Mengbai and Kuznetsov, Andrey V. and Jasper, Warren J.}, year={2010}, month={Apr} } @article{kim_hinestroza_jasper_barker_2009, title={Effect of Solvent Exposure on the Filtration Performance of Electrostatically Charged Polypropylene Filter Media}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/0040517508090887}, abstractNote={Solvent-induced performance deterioration in corona charged polypropylene electret filter media was studied. Electret media, exposed to isopropanol (IPA) in the liquid phase, exhibited reduced filtration efficiency with negligible changes in the pressure drop across the media. Scanning electron microscopy imaging indicated no observable morphological changes after IPA exposure. Solvent-induced efficiency deterioration of electret filter media was hypothesized to originate from charge deterioration rather than charge masking. The charge of the individual fibers in filter media was characterized using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM). EFM investigation produced evidence that exposure to IPA in the liquid phase affected the electrostatic charges on fibers. Exposure to organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, and ethyl benzene has been reported to increase charge mobility in polypropylene fibers, thereby reducing the electrostatic charge and the ability of the fibers in the electret filter media to capture particulates.}, number={4}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Kim, Jooyoun and Hinestroza, Juan P. and Jasper, Warren and Barker, R. L.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={343–350} } @inproceedings{shamey_lee_hinks_jasper_2008, title={Performance of Recent Color Difference Equations around a CIE Blue Color Center}, volume={2008}, number={1}, booktitle={Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision}, author={Shamey, R. and Lee, S.G. and Hinks, D. and Jasper, W.}, year={2008}, pages={7–11} } @article{jasper_mohan_hinestroza_barker_2007, title={Degradation processes in corona-charged electret filter-media with exposure to Ethyl Benzene}, volume={2}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, author={Jasper, W.J. and Mohan, A. and Hinestroza, J. and Barker, R.}, year={2007}, pages={19–24} } @article{jasper_mohan_hinestroza_barger_2007, title={Degredation processes in corona-charged electret filter-media with exposure to ethyl benzene}, volume={2}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, author={Jasper, W. J and Mohan, A. and Hinestroza, J. and Barger, R.}, year={2007}, pages={19–24} } @article{kim_jasper_hinestroza_2007, title={Direct probing of solvent-induced charge degradation in polypropylene electret fibres via electrostatic force microscopy}, volume={225}, ISSN={["1365-2818"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01716.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, J. and Jasper, W. and Hinestroza, J.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={72–79} } @article{suh_guenay_jasper_2007, title={Prediction of surface uniformity in woven fabrics through 2-D anisotropy measures, Part I: Definitions and theoretical model}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0040-5000"]}, DOI={10.1533/joti.2005.0232}, abstractNote={Abstract A method has been developed for analyzing and predicting the surface uniformity of fabrics directly from yarn diameter measurements by using variance-area curves. The variance-length curves were first derived as a function of correlogram obtainable from the neighboring points within a yarn. Then the between-area variance curves were obtained directly from the variance-length curve and a correlation function. The anisotropy of surface irregularity was defined for woven fabrics, and a quantification method was proposed.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Suh, M. W. and Guenay, M. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={2007}, pages={109–116} } @article{guenay_suh_jasper_2007, title={Prediction of surface uniformity in woven fabrics through 2-D anisotropy measures, Part II: Simulation and verification of the prediction model}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0040-5000"]}, DOI={10.1533/joti.2005.0234}, abstractNote={Abstract Yarn diameter profiles were captured from an online measurement system and then translated into a two-dimensional (2-D) fabric matrix by assigning each point of the yarn to a specific location within a virtual fabric. A method to quantify the anisotropy in fabric nonuniformity was developed by combining the gray-scale image of the 2-D fabric matrix with the newly defined between-area variance curves. The 2-D anisotropy measures thus obtained were found to be highly useful for characterizing certain appearance features of woven fabrics such as vertical or horizontal streaks and random cloudiness. Methods for selecting different shapes of the unit area facilitated comparison of the resulting between-area variance curves, and thus a measure of isotropy in the nonuniformity features of the woven fabrics.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Guenay, M. and Suh, M. W. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={2007}, pages={117–126} } @article{hinestroza_jasper_kim_2007, title={Probing Charge Degradation in Electret Fibers via Electrostatic Force Microscopy}, journal={한국섬유공학회 학술발표논문집 = Journal of the Korea Textile Engineering Society}, author={Hinestroza, J.P. and Jasper, W. and Kim, J.}, year={2007}, pages={10–12} } @inproceedings{hinks_shamey_cardenas_lee_kuehni_jasper_2007, title={Variability in visual small color difference assessment: What it means for color difference formula performance}, booktitle={Inter-Society Color Council (ISCC) Annual Meeting}, author={Hinks, D. and Shamey, R. and Cardenas, L. and Lee, S.G. and Kuehni, R.G. and Jasper, W.}, year={2007}, pages={35} } @article{kim_jasper_hinestroza_2006, title={Charge characterization of an electrically charged fibre via electrostatic force microscopy}, volume={1}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, author={Kim, J. and Jasper, W.J. and Hinestroza, J.}, year={2006} } @inproceedings{cárdenas_hinks_shamey_kuehni_jasper_gunay_2006, place={Leeds, UK}, title={Comparison of naïve and expert observers in the assessment of small color differences between textile samples}, volume={2006}, number={1}, booktitle={Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision}, author={Cárdenas, L. and Hinks, D. and Shamey, R. and Kuehni, R. and Jasper, W. and Gunay, M.}, year={2006}, pages={341–344} } @article{jasper_hinestroza_mohan_kim_shiels_gunay_thompson_barker_2006, title={Effect of xylene exposure on the performance of electret filter media}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0021-8502"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.06.008}, abstractNote={Performance degradation of electret filter media when exposed to xylene was investigated using a custom-made exposure apparatus. Three types of electret filter media were exposed to xylene in liquid and gas phases. Experimental data indicated that the penetration percentage of di-octyl-phtalate (DOP) aerosols through electret filter media was not influenced by exposure to xylene vapors for periods up to 8 h. The filtration performance for all three types of electret filter media decreased over 30% when the samples were exposed to liquid xylene. Pressure drop changes of the filter media prior and after exposure to liquid xylene were statistically negligible. Neither morphological changes nor degradation of the polymer fibers were observed after exposure of the filter media samples to liquid xylene. Thermodynamic simulations were performed to determine the molar flux of liquid and gas phases through the filter media specimens. Experimental results obtained via capillary gas chromatography were within 4% of the predicted values. The decrease in performance was attributed to changes in the density and spatial distribution of the electret charges on the surface of the polymer fibers.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jasper, W. and Hinestroza, J. and Mohan, A. and Kim, J. and Shiels, B. and Gunay, M. and Thompson, D. and Barker, R.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={903–911} } @article{jasper_2006, title={Inter-instrument agreement in the colorimetric measurement of textile materials}, volume={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Jasper, W.}, year={2006}, pages={45} } @misc{lu_jasper_lee_2005, title={A multivariable self-learning fuzzy control algorithm for dyeing processes}, ISBN={9780780317840}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1994.751892}, DOI={10.1109/acc.1994.751892}, abstractNote={Complex industrial processes such as chemical reactors, steelmaking, and dyeing processes are difficult to control automatically, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the processes. Parametric control methods require some a priori knowledge of the process model structure as well as possibly the range of the process model parameters. Such methods as nonlinear robust control and adaptive control belong to this category. In the case when model identification is not feasible, nonparametric methods offer an alternative solution to control. One such method, fuzzy logic control (FLC) is used to simulate the decision-making activities of an experienced expert. Usually, the control decisions of an expert can be expressed linguistically as a set of heuristic decision rules. These rules are used to build rulebases for FLC; further algorithms are used to convert the results of these rules to quantitative outputs. Several fuzzy logic control schemes have been developed, including some adaptive methods. However, many of these methods can only handle single input, single output (SISO) systems. In this paper, a multi-input, multi-output scheme is developed. The method is based upon a SISO technique previously developed for a self-learning FLC with on-line scaling factor tuning. The method employs optimization techniques to provide the FLC outputs and an application to dyeing processes is discussed. Simulation results employing the MIMO FLC on a three dyeing process are presented. Finally the experimental dyeing process testbed which will be used for hardware verification is discussed.}, journal={Proceedings of 1994 American Control Conference - ACC '94}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Lu, Jun and Jasper, W. and Lee, G.K.}, year={2005}, month={Aug} } @misc{jasper_joines_2005, title={Design of minimum entropy wavelet filters using genetic algorithms}, ISSN={0277-786X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.630604}, DOI={10.1117/12.630604}, abstractNote={This paper presents a method to design a wavelet-filter that minimizes entropy in the wavelet transform. Filters that minimize entropy in images tend to filter out texture while highlighting features of interest. The design of the wavelet filter is couched as a non-convex optimization problem which is solved using a hybridized Genetic Algorithm. As an example, three distinct filters are tuned to detect horizontal, vertical and blob defects in woven fabrics. The effects of shifting on the optimized set of coefficients is also explored.}, journal={SPIE Proceedings}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Jasper, Warren J. and Joines, Jeff}, editor={Truchetet, Frederic and Laligant, OlivierEditors}, year={2005}, month={Nov} } @article{jasper_hinestroza_mohan_thompson_barker_2005, title={Effect of phase of toluene on filtration performance of electret filter media against di-octyl-phthalate aerosols}, volume={22}, journal={Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection}, author={Jasper, W. and Hinestroza, J. and Mohan, A. and Thompson, D. and Barker, R.L.}, year={2005}, pages={97–105} } @article{jasper_joines_brezenvich_2005, title={Fabric defect detection using a GA trained wavelet filter}, volume={96}, DOI={10.1533/joti.2004.0057}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper presents a method to design a wavelet-filter that minimizes entropy in the wavelet transform of images of woven fabrics. Filters that minimize entropy in images tend to filter out fabric texture while highlighting fabric defects. The design of the wavelet filter is couched as a non-convex optimization problem which is solved using a hybridized Genetic Algorithm. Three distinct filters are tuned to detect horizontal, vertical and blob defects in woven fabrics. In addition to texture filtering, defect segmentation, noise removal, and object extraction are presented. The effects of shifting on the optimized set of coefficients is also explored.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jasper, W. and Joines, J. A. and Brezenvich, J.}, year={2005}, pages={43–54} } @article{jasper_gunay_suh_2005, title={Measurement of eccentricity and twist in spun and plied yarns}, volume={96}, ISSN={0040-5000 1754-2340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/joti.2004.0065}, DOI={10.1533/joti.2004.0065}, abstractNote={Abstract The shape of yarn cross-sections can best be approximated as ellipses. This approximation requires the estimation of the major and minor axes and the orientation of the major axes. The diameters of several yarns were measured both circumferentially as well as along the length of the yarn, and the eccentricity was found to be normally distributed. In addition, the direction of the major axes rotated periodically with the twist of the yarn. This allows one to estimate the twist of the yarn indirectly from optical diameter measurements.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jasper, W. J. and Gunay, M. and Suh, M. W.}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={93–97} } @misc{reddy_lee_mcgregor_jasper_2005, title={Modeling of the batch dyeing process}, ISBN={9780780324466}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1995.531286}, DOI={10.1109/acc.1995.531286}, abstractNote={Traditional control strategies for batch dyeing processes are open-loop, and so a new dyeing set up would require a long lead time for determining the right process conditions. In addition, traditional dyeing processes may still produce unacceptable shade variations. The final shade obtained on the fabric is determined by the rate and the amount of dye transferred, among other system variables. This paper outlines some of the efforts by the Dye Application Research Group (DARG) at North Carolina State University to model the effects of the various factors on the dyeing process. The paper describes two kinetic models developed for use in feedback control and provides both numerical simulation and experimental results to validate the applicability of these models.}, journal={Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC'95}, publisher={American Autom Control Council}, author={Reddy, M. and Lee, G. and McGregor, R. and Jasper, W.}, year={2005}, month={Aug} } @inproceedings{hinks_noor_shamey_cardenas_jasper_cassill_aspland_2005, title={Towards global color control in the textile supply chain: The role of lighting in color perception}, booktitle={American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition}, publisher={American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Hinks, D. and Noor, K. and Shamey, R. and Cardenas, L. and Jasper, W. and Cassill, N. and Aspland, J.R.}, year={2005}, pages={14–23} } @inproceedings{reed_jasper_2004, place={Westin Harbour Castle,Toronto, Canada}, title={Color measurement of web uniformity of blended fibers}, booktitle={Joint INDA-TAPPI Conference}, publisher={Atlanta, Ga. : TAPPI}, author={Reed, J. and Jasper, W.}, year={2004}, month={Sep} } @article{kim_suh_jasper_2004, title={Data Compression of Measured Spun-yarn Irregularity Using a Wavelet–Stochastic Hybrid Method}, volume={95}, ISSN={0040-5000 1754-2340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/joti.2003.0056}, DOI={10.1533/joti.2003.0056}, abstractNote={Abstract Modern high-speed spinning machines are equipped with automated inspection and monitoring systems that generate large quantities of data, necessitating special methods for their analysis. A hybrid system, based on a stochastic model and wavelet analysis was developed and applied to a large data set (500 MB) of yarn diameters. Using a wavelet– stochastic hybrid approach, the data set could be reduced to a small fraction of its original size consisting of a set of statistical parameters for normal sub-blocks, a set of statistical parameters for abnormal sub-blocks for characterizing yarn and fabric defects and for providing their spatial information, and a set of wavelet coefficients for abnormal sub-blocks. The compression ratio was approximately 100 000:1 in the example given.}, number={1-6}, journal={The Journal of The Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Kim, J. and Suh, M.W. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={319–325} } @inproceedings{reed_jasper_hinks_2004, title={Quantitative measurement of web uniformity of blended fibers}, booktitle={Proceedings of the annual international conference & exhibition of AATCC : September}, author={Reed, J. and Jasper, W. and Hinks, D.}, year={2004}, month={Sep} } @inproceedings{reed_jasper_hinks_2004, title={Quantitative measurement of web uniformity of blended fibers.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the annual international conference & exhibition of AATCC : September 13-17, 2004.}, publisher={[Research Triangle Park, N.C.]: AATC}, author={Reed, J. and Jasper, W. and Hinks, D.}, year={2004} } @book{suh_jasper_cherkassky_gunay_han_2003, title={3-D electronic imaging of fabric qualities by on-line yarn data}, journal={National Textile Center Annual Report}, author={Suh, M.W. and Jasper, W. and Cherkassky, A. and Gunay, M. and Han, D.}, year={2003} } @inproceedings{jasper w._j. a._brenzovich_2003, title={Fabric defect detection using a GA tuned wavelet filter}, ISBN={9781880843468}, booktitle={Computers and their applications : proceedings of the ISCA 18th international conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA March 26-28, 2003}, publisher={Cary, NC: International Society for Computers and Their Applications}, author={Jasper W., Joines and J. A. and Brenzovich, J.}, year={2003}, pages={345–349} } @inproceedings{w._joines_brezenvich_2003, place={Honolulu, Hawaii, USA}, title={Fabric defect detection using a GA tuned wavelet filter}, booktitle={Computers and their applications}, author={W., Jasper and Joines, J.A. and Brezenvich, J.}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={345–349} } @misc{grady_jasper_hodge_2002, title={Communications/network standards in the textile industry}, ISBN={9780780326897}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/texcon.1995.471074}, DOI={10.1109/texcon.1995.471074}, abstractNote={The need for standards in communications and networks in the textile and related industries is discussed. The types of protocols used in the industry from the machine level to a computer-integrated manufacturing environment are described. Several case studies are given to illustrate specific problems and needs. A summary of the current status and potential future development of standards in this area is presented.<>}, journal={1995 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Grady, P.L. and Jasper, W.J. and Hodge, G.L.}, year={2002}, month={Nov} } @misc{jasper_reddy_2002, title={Real-time system for data acquisition and control of batch dyeing}, ISBN={9780780318038}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/texcon.1994.320732}, DOI={10.1109/texcon.1994.320732}, abstractNote={A real-time system has been developed for the monitoring and control of batch dyeing processes. The system, though developed for batch dyeing, is a generic data acquisition and control tool compliant with POSIX (IEEE 1003.4) and other standards. The system allows for the rapid prototyping of general real-time data acquisition and control systems, while supporting a rich set of development tools to enable networking, window-based applications programming, and object-oriented programming. Currently, the system combines a real-time multitasking operating system with full TCP/IP networking support. Using a VMEbus backplane, the system can also support multiple CPUs and full bus arbitration. Various drivers have been written to enable A/D, D/A, DIG, GPIB, SCSI, as well as serial and parallel communication (RS232).<>}, journal={Proceedings of 1994 IEEE/IAS Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Jasper, W.J. and Reddy, M.Y.}, year={2002}, month={Dec} } @article{jasper_joshi_2001, title={Control of a batch dyeing process with three acid dyes}, volume={71}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750107100109}, abstractNote={ The process of dyeing of nylon with tertiary acid dye mixtures is controlled by automatic metering of dyes and chemicals. Closed-loop control is achieved by real-time data acquisition of the dyebath conditions coupled with a feedback control strategy. The objective of controlled dyeing is to obtain an on-tone build-up of shade using three monosulfonated acid dyes in mixture combinations. Computerized dosing pumps control the pH, the dyebath concentrations of the individual dyes, and the total sorption of each dye during the process. Photographs of yarn cross sections examined under the polarizing microscope reveal uniform penetration of dye in the individual fibers of the yarns. Color matching of samples dyed under identical dyeing conditions shows good shade reproducibility. It is also possible to re-use a dyebath of residual dyes and chemicals from a previous dyeing. Thus, good shade reproducibility and uniform shade build-up can be achieved in a laboratory dyeing machine by adopting real-time closed-loop control. }, number={1}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Jasper, WJ and Joshi, RP}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={57–62} } @inproceedings{huang_jasper_grant_lee_2001, place={Arlington, Virginia, USA}, title={Convergence properties of a self-organizing fuzzy sliding mode controller}, ISBN={9781880843383}, booktitle={Intelligent systems : proceedings of the ISCA 10th International Conference, Arlington, Virginia, USA, June 13-15, 2001}, publisher={Cary, NC: International Society for Computers and Their Applications}, author={Huang, W. and Jasper, W. and Grant, E. and Lee, G.}, editor={A. Abdelwahab and Rommel, G.Editors}, year={2001}, month={Jun} } @article{merritt_beck_smith_hauser_jasper_2001, title={Determination of indigo in dyebaths by flow injection analysis and redox titrations}, volume={4}, number={4}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Merritt, J.T. and Beck, K.R. and Smith, C.B. and Hauser, P.J. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={2001}, pages={53–57} } @article{ikiz_rust_jasper_trussell_2001, title={Fiber length measurement by image processing}, volume={71}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750107101009}, abstractNote={ To act as an alternative to existing systems, image-based fiber length measurements must yield precise results in a reasonable amount of processing time. To be used as a calibration device for current systems, the processing time becomes less important than accuracy and precision. Here, we report on the accuracy and precision of image processing applications compared with existing methods of HVI, AFIS, and hand measurements. Further, we propose preferred system parameters for these two possible applications of the technology. }, number={10}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Ikiz, Y and Rust, JP and Jasper, WJ and Trussell, HJ}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={905–910} } @book{jasper_suh_2001, title={Simulation of Fabric Quality Rendered from Yarn Data}, journal={DWI Reports}, author={Jasper, W. and Suh, M.}, year={2001}, pages={151–155} } @inproceedings{rust_jasper_trussell_ikiz_2000, place={Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC}, title={Dealing with fiber crossovers in fiber length measurements by image processing}, booktitle={Thirteenth annual Engineered Fiber Selection System Conference proceedings}, publisher={[Cary, N.C.]: Cotton Inc.}, author={Rust, J. and Jasper, W. and Trussell, H.J. and Ikiz, Y.}, year={2000}, month={Apr} } @article{kim_jasper_suh_woo_2000, title={Effect of measurement principle and measuring field on uniformity measures of spun yarns}, volume={70}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750007000704}, abstractNote={ The effect of measuring field length on yarn evenness is investigated by comparing the coefficient of variation or CV of the measure obtained from three different sensors with different measurement principles: a capacitance sensor with an 8 mm sensing zone, an optical sensor with a 2 mm sensing zone, and a laser scanner with a 1 mm effective sensing zone. A probabilistic model is developed to predict the different CV values obtained from the different instruments, and the results are compared with experimental values. }, number={7}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Kim, J and Jasper, WJ and Suh, MW and Woo, JL}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={584–587} } @article{huang_jasper_grant_lee_2000, title={Implementation of a self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode controller using a multi-thread architechture}, volume={1}, number={3}, journal={Frameworks (Berkeley, CA)}, author={Huang, W. and Jasper, W. and Grant, E. and Lee, G.}, year={2000} } @inproceedings{suh_jasper_woo_kim_2000, place={Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC}, title={Methods for fusing diameter and mass measurements of spun yarns: Some preliminary results}, booktitle={Thirteenth annual Engineered Fiber Selection System Conference proceedings: April 17-19, 2000, Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC}, publisher={[Cary, N.C.]: Cotton Inc.}, author={Suh, J. and Jasper, W. and Woo, J. and Kim, H.}, year={2000}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{wei_jasper_lee_1999, place={Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A}, title={A self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode controller for experimental dyeing process control studies}, ISBN={9781880843314}, booktitle={ISCA 1st international conference}, publisher={Cary, NC: ISCA}, author={Wei, H. and Jasper, W. and Lee, G.}, year={1999}, pages={24–27} } @inproceedings{merritt_beck_smith c.b._p._jasper_1999, title={Determination of indigo in dyebaths by flow injection analysis and redox titrations}, booktitle={Book of Papers, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. International Conference & Exhibition}, author={Merritt, J.T. and Beck, K.R. and Smith C.B., Hauser and P. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={1999}, pages={505–513} } @article{merritt_beck_c.b._h._jasper_1999, title={Determination of indigo in dyebaths by flow injection analysis and redox titrations}, volume={4}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Merritt, J.T. and Beck, K.R. and C.B., Smith and H., P. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={1999}, pages={53–57} } @misc{mcgregor_arora_jasper_1998, title={Closed-loop textile dyeing process utilizing real-time metered dosing of dyes and chemicals}, volume={5,846,265}, number={1998 Dec. 8}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={McGregor, R. and Arora, M. A. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={1998} } @inproceedings{jasper_smith_1998, title={Color P2 through improved process control}, booktitle={Color reduction & removal seminar : June 17, 1998}, publisher={Raleigh, N.C. : N.C. Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance}, author={Jasper, W. and Smith, B.}, year={1998} } @misc{jasper_smith_1998, title={Color P2 through improved process control}, url={http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/01/00345.pdf}, note={oral presentation}, author={Jasper, W. and Smith, B.}, year={1998}, month={Jun} } @inproceedings{beck_jasper_lee_mcgregor_smith_1998, title={Real-time analysis and control of batch dyeing processes}, booktitle={International Textile Bulletin}, author={Beck, K.R. and Jasper, W. and Lee, G. and McGregor, P. and Smith, B.}, year={1998}, pages={88–93} } @article{mcgregor_arora_jasper_1997, title={Controlling nylon dyeing by dye and chemical metering}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700809}, abstractNote={ Closed-loop control of the dosing of dyes and chemicals is used to obtain an on-tone build-up of shade in dyeing polyamide fibers with a binary mixture of monosulfonated acid dyes. Computerized dosing pumps control the pH, the dyebath concentrations of the individual dyes, and the total sorption of each dye during the process. This real-time, closed-loop adaptive control yields good reproducibility and uniform shade build-up in a laboratory dyeing machine. It is possible to reuse a dyebath containing residual dyes and chemicals from a previous dyeing. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={McGregor, R and Arora, MS and Jasper, WJ}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={609–616} } @article{snyder_berkstresser_smith_beck_mcgregor_jasper_1997, title={Correlating optical and kinetic deviations from ideality in fiber reactive dye mixtures}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700804}, abstractNote={ Kinetic and optical behaviors of Cibacron™ Yellow R, Scarlet 2GE, and Blue TRE are studied individually and in mixtures. In mixtures, these dyes deviate from their individual behaviors. A method for determining these deviations and for correlating the optical and kinetic deviations is demonstrated. This method is valuable because it allows the kinetic behavior of dyes in mixtures to be characterized from simple optical measurements. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Snyder, W and Berkstresser, G and Smith, B and Beck, K and McGregor, R and Jasper, W}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={571–579} } @article{reddy_jasper_mcgregor_lee_1997, title={Effects of temperature and salt on dye mixtures in the batch dyeing process}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700206}, abstractNote={For real-time control, it is usually desirable to formulate a mathematical model of the process to be controlled. Such a model assists in the selection of control parameters and enhances the understanding of the underlying processes. A mathematical model for two-dye mixtures is developed comprising a diffusion based model to account for dye penetration into the fiber and a nonlinear distribution function at the fiber surface based on the Langmuir isotherm. Since the behavior of dyes in mixtures often deviates from their behavior when used alone, the dyeing process cannot be modeled by a simple combination of single dye models. Numerical simulations of the behavior of direct cotton dye mixtures under varying conditions of temperature and salt concentration are also presented, and compared with experiments.}, number={2}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Reddy, M and Jasper, WJ and McGregor, R and Lee, G}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={109–117} } @inproceedings{grady_carruthers_hodge_jasper_1997, title={Large-scale database design for computer integrated manufacturing in textiles}, booktitle={Textiles and the information society}, publisher={Manchester, England : Textile Institute}, author={Grady, P. and Carruthers, M. and Hodge, G. and Jasper, W.}, year={1997}, pages={171–196} } @inproceedings{ingle_duncan_jasper_1996, title={Evaluating an R&D consortium: A metrics-based measurement system for the national textile center}, ISBN={9781856173162}, booktitle={Management of technology V: technology management in a changing world: proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Management of Technology, February 27-March 1, 1996 Miami, Forida, USA}, publisher={Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier Advanced Technology}, author={Ingle, A. and Duncan, G. and Jasper, W.}, editor={R. M. Mason, L. A. Lefebvre and Khalil, T. M.Editors}, year={1996} } @inproceedings{ingle_duncan_winchester_jasper_1996, place={Miami, Florida, USA}, title={Evaluating an R&D consortium: A metrics-based measurement system for the national textile center}, ISBN={9781856173162}, booktitle={Management of technology V: technology management in a changing world}, publisher={Oxford, U.K. : Elsevier Advanced Technology}, author={Ingle, T. and Duncan, G. and Winchester, S. and Jasper, W.}, editor={R. M. Mason, L. A. Lefebvre and Khalil, T. M.Editors}, year={1996} } @inproceedings{jasper_1996, title={Real-time data acquisition system for batch dyeing}, booktitle={Textile Industry Division Symposium}, author={Jasper, W.}, year={1996} } @book{dorrity_vachtsevanos_jasper_1996, title={Real-time fabric defect detection and control in weaving processes}, volume={113}, journal={National Textile Center Annual Report}, author={Dorrity, J.L. and Vachtsevanos, G. and Jasper, W.}, year={1996}, pages={122} } @article{jasper_garnier_potlapalli_1996, title={Texture characterization and defect detection using adaptive wavelets}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0091-3286"]}, DOI={10.1117/1.601054}, abstractNote={Many textures such as woven fabrics and composites have a regular and repeating texture. This paper presents a new method to capture the texture information using adaptive wavelet bases. Wavelets are compact functions which can be used to generate a multiresolution analysis. Texture constraints are used to adapt the wavelets to better characterize specific textures. An adapted wavelet basis has very high sensitivity to the abrupt changes in the texture structure caused by defects. This paper demonstrates how adaptive wavelet basis can be used to locate defects in woven fabrics.}, number={11}, journal={OPTICAL ENGINEERING}, publisher={SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng}, author={Jasper, WJ and Garnier, SJ and Potlapalli, H}, year={1996}, month={Nov}, pages={3140–3149} } @inproceedings{grady_jasper_hodge_1995, place={Charlotte, North Carolina}, title={Communication, network standards: Where is the industry today?}, ISBN={078032689X}, booktitle={1995 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber, and Film Industry Technical Conference, May 3-4, 1995, Charlotte, North Carolina}, publisher={Piscataway, NJ: IEEE}, author={Grady, P.L. and Jasper, W.J. and Hodge, G.L.}, year={1995}, month={May} } @inproceedings{ingle_duncan_winchester_jasper_1995, title={Designing a metrics-based measurement system: The national textile center}, booktitle={R&D Quality Symposium}, publisher={Wilton, CT : Juran Institute}, author={Ingle, T. and Duncan, G. and Winchester, S. and Jasper, W.}, year={1995} } @article{lu_lee_jasper_1995, title={Experimental Implementation of An Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller for Process Control}, volume={1}, ISSN={1079-8587 2326-005X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10798587.1995.10750634}, DOI={10.1080/10798587.1995.10750634}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTComplex industrial processes such as batch chemical reactors, steelmaking, dyeing processes and metal forming offer challenges in control due to the uncertainty and complexity of the processes. Model-based control methods generally require some knowledge of system structure and possibly some bounds on the uncertainty of the system parameters. Such methods as robust control and adaptive control belong to this category. In a case where system identification is not feasible, knowledge-based methods offer an alternative solution to control. One such method, fuzzy logic control (FLC), may be used to simulate the decision making process of an experienced expert. Usually, the control decisions of an expert can be expressed linguistically as a set of heuristic decision rules. The rules are used to build rulebases for FLC; further, algorithms are used to convert the results of the rules to quantitative outputs.This article presents an adaptive multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy logic control method whi...}, number={3}, journal={Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing}, publisher={Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)}, author={Lu, Jun and Lee, Gordon and Jasper, Warren}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={259–278} } @article{jasper_potlapalli_1995, title={IMAGE-ANALYSIS OF MISPICKS IN WOVEN FABRIC}, volume={65}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759506501109}, abstractNote={ Images of a woven fabric with missing picks are digitized, and three different image analysis techniques are compared: the Sobel edge operator, the fast Fourier transform, and the discrete wavelet transform. The wavelet transform, used as a multi-resolution spectral filter, is able to give both spectral and frequency information about a fabric. For the samples tested, the wavelet transform can characterize defects due to missing picks and ends faster and more accurately than the other methods. }, number={11}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={JASPER, WJ and POTLAPALLI, H}, year={1995}, month={Nov}, pages={683–692} } @article{vangheluwe_sette_pynckels_1994, title={Comments on "Using Neural Networks to Predict Dye Concentrations in Multiple-Dye Mixtures"}, volume={64}, DOI={10.1177/004051759406400309}, abstractNote={17. Lopes, M., Etude Expérimentale d’un Écoulement en Aval d’un Géotextile, DEA Report, Université de Poitiers, France, 1992. 18. Menard, C., Monnet, P., and Sigli, D., Some New Aspects of the Slow Flow of a Viscous Fluid Through an Axisymmetric Duct Expansion or Contration—Experimental Part, Appl. Sci. Res. no. 39, 233-249 (1982). 19. Perfetti, J., Propriétes des Géotextiles: Description et Caractérisation, Doctoral thesis, Univsité Grenoble, France, 1980. 20. Rigo, J. M., Etude de l’Interface Sol-géotextile en Relation Avec la Rétention des Particules, in "Proc. Durability of Geotextiles, RILEM, Paris, 1988. 21. Rollin, A., and Lombard, G., Mechanisms Affecting Long-term Filtration Behavior of Geotextiles, Geotextiles Geomembranes 7, 119-145 (1988). 22. Von Durst, R., Bucher, F., and Schaerer, C. H., Permeameter for Investigating the Hydraulic Characteristics of Geotextiles, Sonderdruck Matér. Constrution 14 (82), 319-324 (1983). 23. Yeh, Y., and Cummins, H. Z., Localized flow measurements with He-Ne laser Spectrometer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 4, 176 (1964).}, number={3}, journal={Textile Research Journal}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Vangheluwe, L. and Sette, S. and Pynckels, F.}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={182–183} } @misc{jasper_falk_1994, title={Line marking apparatus}, volume={5,316,552}, number={1994 May 31}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Jasper, W. J. and Falk, D. C.}, year={1994} } @misc{falk_jasper_1994, title={Optical fishing line meter}, volume={5,345,691}, number={1994 Sep. 13}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Falk, D. C. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={1994} } @misc{falk_jasper_1994, title={Photoelectric line measuring device with digital display}, volume={5,286,972}, number={1994 Feb. 15}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Falk, D. C. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={1994} } @article{beck_jasper_lee_mcgregor_smith_1994, title={Real-Time Data-Acquisition, Theoretical Modeling And Adaptive-Control Of Batch Dyeing Processes (Reprinted From Text Chemist And Colorist}, volume={26}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. and Jasper, W.J. and Lee, G. and Mcgregor, R. and Smith, B.}, year={1994}, pages={29} } @article{jasper_kovacs_1994, title={USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND NIR SPECTROPHOTOMETRY TO IDENTIFY FIBERS}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759406400803}, abstractNote={ A qualitative nondestructive technique for fiber identification was developed using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A neural network was trained to identify 17 different fiber types using the NIR absorbance spectra from a library of 390 samples. The neural network model was verified by testing untrained samples. It was not only able to identify single fibers, but was also able to correctly identify blends of fibers from fabrics for which it had not been trained. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={JASPER, WJ and KOVACS, ET}, year={1994}, month={Aug}, pages={444–448} } @misc{jasper_1994, title={USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO PREDICT DYE CONCENTRATIONS IN MULTIPLE-DYE MIXTURES - REPLY}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759406400310}, abstractNote={We appreciate Dr. Vangheluwe’s comments on neural nets and the importance of verification and validation of models generated with the back propagation method. If the number of degrees of freedom is larger than the amount of independent experimental data, then the model may memorize the training data and not learn. This is a real danger with neural networks. The number of degrees of freedom is actually related to the number of hidden nodes, which should be kept}, number={3}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={JASPER, WJ}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={184–184} } @inproceedings{berkstresser_beck_smith_mcgregor_jasper_1993, place={Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, title={Novel approaches for the real-time prediction of dye concentrations in three dye mixtures}, booktitle={Book of papers}, publisher={Research Triangle Park, N.C. : American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Berkstresser, G. and Beck, K. and Smith, B. and McGregor, R. and Jasper, W.}, year={1993}, month={Oct} } @article{jasper_kovacs_berkstresser_1993, title={USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO PREDICT DYE CONCENTRATIONS IN MULTIPLE-DYE MIXTURES}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759306300907}, abstractNote={ A neural network is used to predict the concentrations of three dyes from their spectrophotometric absorbances. With this technique, the network achieves a peak of 5% and an average of 2.6% error over a range of dye concentrations of 0 to 0.15 g/l. The neural network is evaluated against two other models based on Beer's law, and performs significantly better over the entire range of concentrations measured. }, number={9}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={JASPER, WJ and KOVACS, ET and BERKSTRESSER, GA}, year={1993}, month={Sep}, pages={545–551} } @inproceedings{jasper_1992, title={Modeling and characterizing triaxial braid composites using neural networks}, booktitle={New strategies for the synthesis and characterization of catalysts}, publisher={Basel, Switzerland : J.C. Baltzer}, author={Jasper, W.}, year={1992} } @inbook{jasper_1992, title={Modeling and characterizing triaxial braid composites using neural networks}, booktitle={New strategies for the synthesis and characterization of catalysts}, author={Jasper, W.}, year={1992} } @inproceedings{jasper_cannon_1990, title={Initial experiments in thrusterless locomotion control of a free-flying robot}, booktitle={Advances in dynamics and control of flexible spacecraft and space-based manipulations; Proceedings of the Symposium, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, Nov. 25-30, 1990}, author={Jasper, W.J. and Cannon, R.H., Jr.}, year={1990}, pages={29–33} } @misc{jasper_1989, title={Method and apparatus for optical nutation sensing}, volume={4,802,767}, number={1989 Feb. 7}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Jasper, W. J.}, year={1989} }