@article{lipsey_burnette_becker_baker_mccrimmon_billingsley_2023, title={A growth mindset intervention to improve mental health in adolescents during COVID-19}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1751-9004"]}, DOI={10.1111/spc3.12894}, abstractNote={AbstractCOVID‐19 poses a considerable threat to adolescent mental health. We investigated depression rates in teens from pre to post‐COVID. We also explored if leveraging a growth mindset intervention (“Healthy Minds”) could improve adolescent mental health outcomes during the pandemic, especially for adolescents experiencing the most distress. In Study 1, we recruited youth from schools in a rural southern community (N = 239) and used a pre‐post design. In Study 2, we recruited an online sample (N = 833) and used a longitudinal randomized control trial design to test the effectiveness of Healthy Minds. Across both studies, there is evidence of higher rates of depression in youth during COVID‐19, relative to pre‐pandemic numbers. In Study 1, the intervention effectively changed psychological and behavioral processes related to mental health, especially for adolescents experiencing greater COVID‐19 stress. However, in Study 2, the intervention failed to impact depression rates or symptoms at follow‐up.}, journal={SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS}, author={Lipsey, Nikolette P. and Burnette, Jeni L. and Becker, Whitney and Baker, Levi R. and Mccrimmon, Jordyn and Billingsley, Joseph}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{hoyt_burnette_billingsley_becker_babij_2023, title={Mindsets of poverty: Implications for redistributive policy support}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1530-2415"]}, DOI={10.1111/asap.12367}, abstractNote={AbstractBelief systems impact poverty reduction efforts, as they can enhance, or diminish, support for redistributive economic policies. We examined the predictive utility of mindsets about the changeability (growth mindsets) or the stability (fixed mindsets) of the nature of poverty in society. We conducted six studies, two pre‐registered, using both cross‐sectional (N = 763) and experimental methods (N = 1361). Growth mindsets of poverty in society predicted greater support for redistributive policies, in part through decreased blame, although there was also a small but unreliable negative indirect effect through social class essentialism. The three experimental studies, each using a different approach, were successful in manipulating mindsets of poverty. However, only the approach leveraging system justifying beliefs had implications for blame, essentialist beliefs, and indirect consequences for policy support. We discuss potential implications of this work for leveraging multiple belief systems to optimally promote support for policies designed to abolish poverty.}, journal={ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY}, author={Hoyt, Crystal L. and Burnette, Jeni L. and Billingsley, Joseph and Becker, Whitney and Babij, Alexandra D.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{hoogeveen_sarafoglou_aczel_aditya_alayan_allen_altay_alzahawi_amir_anthony_et al._2022, title={A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being}, ISSN={["2153-5981"]}, DOI={10.1080/2153599X.2022.2070255}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset ( participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported ). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported ). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.}, journal={RELIGION BRAIN & BEHAVIOR}, author={Hoogeveen, Suzanne and Sarafoglou, Alexandra and Aczel, Balazs and Aditya, Yonathan and Alayan, Alexandra J. and Allen, Peter J. and Altay, Sacha and Alzahawi, Shilaan and Amir, Yulmaida and Anthony, Francis-Vincent and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{burnette_billingsley_hoyt_2022, title={Harnessing growth mindsets to help individuals flourish}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1751-9004"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85123796288&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/spc3.12657}, abstractNote={AbstractPsychologists are uniquely positioned to help with our collective obligation to advance scientific knowledge in ways that help individuals to flourish. Growth mindsets may offer one such tool for improving lives, yet some research questions the potential to replicate key findings. The aims in the current work are to help explain mixed results and outline ways to improve intervention impact. To reach these goals, we first offer a brief overview of the links between growth mindsets and psychological flourishing. Second, we outline key theories of causal mechanisms and summarize sources of meaningful heterogeneity in growth mindset interventions, with a focus on those designed to improve mental health. Third, we provide cautionary notes that highlight nuances of growth mindset messaging in contexts with stigmatized social identities. Fourth, to conclude, we suggest areas for future research aimed at understanding how to most powerfully harness growth mindsets to help individuals reach optimal psychological functioning.}, number={3}, journal={SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS}, author={Burnette, Jeni L. and Billingsley, Joseph and Hoyt, Crystal L.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{forster_billingsley_burnette_lieberman_ohtsubo_mccullough_2021, title={Experimental evidence that apologies promote forgiveness by communicating relationship value}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85108825931&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-021-92373-y}, abstractNote={AbstractRobust evidence supports the importance of apologies for promoting forgiveness. Yet less is known about how apologies exert their effects. Here, we focus on their potential to promote forgiveness by way of increasing perceptions of relationship value. We used a method for directly testing these causal claims by manipulating both the independent variable and the proposed mediator. Namely, we use a 2 (Apology: yes vs. no) × 2 (Value: high vs. low) concurrent double-randomization design to test whether apologies cause forgiveness by affecting the same causal pathway as relationship value. In addition to supporting this causal claim, we also find that apologies had weaker effects on forgiveness when received from high-value transgressors, suggesting that the forgiveness-relevant information provided by apologies is redundant with relationship value. Taken together, these findings from a rigorous methodological paradigm help us parse out how apologies promote relationship repair.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Forster, Daniel E. and Billingsley, Joseph and Burnette, Jeni L. and Lieberman, Debra and Ohtsubo, Yohsuke and McCullough, Michael E.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{hoyt_burnette_nash_becker_billingsley_2021, title={Growth mindsets of anxiety: Do the benefits to individual flourishing come with societal costs?}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1743-9779"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85121605392&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/17439760.2021.2006762}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Believing anxiety can change is a predictor of wellbeing, in part, because such beliefs – known as growth mindsets – predict weaker threat appraisals, which in turn improves psychological functioning. However, feeling a sense of personal threat facilitates social activism, and thus growth mindsets may undermine such action. Across six studies (N = 1761), including cross-sectional and experimental approaches (3 pre-registered), growth mindsets predict flourishing, including wellbeing, resilience, and grit. We find that growth mindsets indirectly predict reduced activism against social threats through reduced threat appraisals, which are critical motivators of activism. The total effect linking growth mindsets to activism was not robust. Overall, Bayesian meta-analytic summary effects reveal that growth mindsets of anxiety are critical components of psychological flourishing, broadly defined. Mindsets are also consistently linked to weakened threat appraisals across a variety of social threats from gun violence to natural disasters. Although helpful for resilience, these dampened threat appraisals impair social action.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Hoyt, Crystal L. and Burnette, Jeni L. and Nash, Emma and Becker, Whitney and Billingsley, Joseph}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{billingsley_lipsey_burnette_pollack_2021, title={Growth mindsets: defining, assessing, and exploring effects on motivation for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs}, volume={8}, ISSN={1046-1310 1936-4733}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02149-w}, DOI={10.1007/s12144-021-02149-w}, journal={Current Psychology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Billingsley, Joseph and Lipsey, Nikolette P. and Burnette, Jeni L. and Pollack, Jeffrey M.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lieberman_billingsley_2021, title={If it quacks like a duck: The by-product account of music still stands}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1469-1825"]}, DOI={10.1017/S0140525X20000990}, abstractNote={Abstract
	  Discerning adaptations from by-products is a defining feature of evolutionary science. Mehr, Krasnow, Bryant, and Hagen posit that music is an adaptation that evolved to function as a credible signal. We counter this claim, as we are not convinced they have dispelled the possibility that music is an elaboration of extant features of language.}, journal={BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES}, author={Lieberman, Debra and Billingsley, Joseph}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }