@article{liu_yuan_liu_2023, title={Antibacterial Effects of Brown Algae Extract against Tilapia Spoilage Bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.18.2.2897-2912}, abstractNote={Inhibitory effects were evaluated for the extract from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum vs. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens, which are tilapia spoilage organisms. Modified Gompertz and Logistic models were used to describe the inhibition effect of the extract, and both models indicated that the extract could inhibit bacteria growth by extending lag time and reducing maximum growth rate. The Lambert-Pearson model was applied to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) of the extract. The best-fit MIC and NIC values for P. fluorescens were 1.145 and 0.036 mg/mL, and 0.947 and 0.106 mg/mL for S. putrefaciens, respectively. Bacteriostatic assays on agar plates showed that the extract applied at concentrations higher than the MIC caused significant bacteriostatic effects, especially in S. putrefaciens. Algae extract (42 μg/disc) had inhibition zones against both P. fluorescens (1.72 cm) and S. putrefaciens (1.58 cm) in a disc diffusion assay. Treating tilapia fillets with the extract significantly reduced the total viable counts of both bacterial strains and postponed spoilage odor occurrence time (day 2 for the control group vs. day 9 for the extract treated group) during storage at 4 °C. These findings suggest that the extract could be used as a natural anti-bacterial and preservation agent to extend the shelf life of cold storage tilapia.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Liu, Xin and Yuan, Wenqiao and Liu, Ying}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={2897–2912} }
 @misc{james_sanchez_prens_yuan_2022, title={Biochar from agricultural residues for soil conditioning: Technological status and life cycle assessment}, volume={25}, ISSN={["2468-5844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100314}, abstractNote={As a product/co-product of biomass thermochemical conversion, the yield and quality of biochar depend on its source material and the production process, so is its performance in soil conditioning. In this mini-review, various technologies, including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, torrefaction, and gasification were briefly discussed, among which slow pyrolysis and torrefaction were found to give higher biochar yield. Because the yield of biochar and the emissions in the production process play a critical role in the outcomes of its life cycle assessment, it is important to carefully choose and optimize the production technology of biochar. The life cycle benefit of biochar for soil conditioning was found generally positive, indicated by its improvement of ecosystem quality, mitigation of climate change, and reduced resource consumption. However, the variability in biochar properties makes it challenging in technology upgrading, application, and commercialization, and the lack of regulations and standardization makes biochar acceptance difficult.}, journal={CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH}, author={James, Arthur and Sanchez, Ana and Prens, Josue and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @misc{wang_zeng_yuan_2022, title={Succinic acid fermentation from agricultural wastes: The producing microorganisms and their engineering strategies}, volume={25}, ISSN={["2468-5844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100313}, abstractNote={Microbial production of succinic acid from renewable feedstock is of great importance for sustainable development owing to its great economic and technical potential. However, to be competitive with the chemical production route, efforts are still needed to enhance the production performance, especially by strain development targeting high succinic acid concentration, yield, and productivity, as well as broad carbon source utilization. In this mini-review, the performance of four promising succinic acid-producing microorganisms, including Actinobacillus succinogenes, Basfia succiniciproducens, Escherichia coli, and Mannheimia succiniciproducens, was summarized and compared. Their strengths and weakness were discussed. In addition, strategies for microbial strain improvement including metabolic engineering and membrane engineering were introduced. Future research needs were recommended.}, journal={CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH}, author={Wang, Jingjing and Zeng, An-ping and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @misc{liu_liu_cui_yuan_2022, title={Ultrasound for microalgal cell disruption and product extraction: A review}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1873-2828"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106054}, abstractNote={Microalgae are a promising feedstock for the production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, due to their superior capability of converting solar energy and CO2 into lipids, proteins, and other valuable bioactive compounds. To facilitate the release of these important biomolecules from microalgae, effective cell disruption is usually necessary, where the use of ultrasound has gained tremendous interests as an alternative to traditional methods. This review not only summarizes the mechanisms of and operation parameters affecting cell disruption, but also takes an insight into measuring techniques, synergistic integration with other disruption methods, and challenges of ultrasonication for microalgal biorefining. Optimal conditions including ultrasonic frequency, intensity, and duration, and liquid viscosity and sonochemical reactor are the key factors for maximizing the disruption and extraction efficiency. A combination of ultrasound with other disruption methods such as ozonation, microwave, homogenization, enzymatic lysis, and solvents facilitates cell disruption and release of target compounds, thus provides powerful solutions to commercial scale-up of ultrasound extraction for microalgal biorefining. It is concluded that ultrasonication is a sustainable "green" process, but more research and work are needed to upscale this process without sacrificing performance or consuming more energy.}, journal={ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY}, author={Liu, Ying and Liu, Xin and Cui, Yan and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{ren_wang_nie_yuan_zeng_2022, title={Understanding and Engineering Glycine Cleavage System and Related Metabolic Pathways for C1-Based Biosynthesis}, volume={180}, ISBN={["978-3-031-06853-9"]}, ISSN={["1616-8542"]}, DOI={10.1007/10_2021_186}, abstractNote={The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is a fundamental component of life, widely existing in microbes, plants, animals, and humans. A better understanding of the functionality and working mechanisms, and the engineering of the GCS have both scientific and practical impacts, which may lead to new knowledge and findings in life sciences, improved biomass production and human/animal health, efficient biosynthesis of chemicals, effective carbon fixation and global climate change mitigation. In this chapter, the GCS is first discussed in the context of the reductive glycine pathway (rGlyP), a recently proposed and appealing assimilation pathway of CO2 and formate, and its implementation and optimization in microorganisms for formatotrophic growth. Then, the present knowledge about the components, reactions, and working mechanisms of the GCS and related enzymes is reviewed. Particular emphasis is also placed on the conformational and structural features of the GCS proteins, especially the different forms of lipoylated H protein and its lipoylation by lipoate protein ligase (LplA). Subsequently, existing analytic methods for the components and reactions of the GCS and recent advances in quantitatively understanding and purposefully engineering the GCS are presented. Finally, perspectives of current state of the art in the GCS research are given and future research needs are highlighted.}, journal={ONE-CARBON FEEDSTOCKS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIOPRODUCTION}, author={Ren, Jie and Wang, Wei and Nie, Jinglei and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zeng, An-Ping}, year={2022}, pages={273–298} }
 @article{wang_yuan_chen_wang_zhao_li_2021, title={Algal Lysis by Sagittula stellata for the Production of Intracellular Valuables}, volume={193}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-021-03502-2}, number={8}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, Meng and Yuan, Wen qiao and Chen, Shibao and Wang, Lifu and Zhao, Shuwen and Li, Shanshan}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={2516–2533} }
 @article{zhu_zhang_shan_yuan_pawlowski_song_cao_li_wangj_qian_2021, title={EFFICIENT PHOSPHATE REMOVAL IN SWINE WASTEWATEWATER USING Fe-Mn-MODIFIED PYRO/HYDROCHAR FROM SWINE MANURE}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0324-8828"]}, DOI={10.37190/epe210307}, abstractNote={Phosphorus in wastewater is one of the main causes of water eutrophication.Phosphorus removal from swine wastewater is always a challenge.To achieve on-site recycling of swine farm waste, the low-cost pyro/hydrochars and their Fe-Mn-modified form were prepared from swine manure as an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal.The results showed that the phosphate removal efficiency of unmodified pyro/hydrochars was less than 7.77%, which was significantly increased to 58.21-83.76%for the Fe-Mn-modified--pyro/hydrochars.The maximum adsorption capacity of pyrochar was found on the Fe-Mn-modified--pyrochar (PC-600M) with a surface area of 102.03 m 2 /g and a micropore volume of 0.25 cm 3 /g.The PC-600M exhibited high adsorption capacity (26.07 mg/g) in a low concentration of phosphate (50 mg/dm 3 ), and its removal efficiency reached up to 83.76% within 24 hours.Furthermore, the adsorption of phosphate on biochars without modification (HC-210 and PC-600) was validated using a first-order kinetic model, and the adsorption of phosphate on modified biochars (HC-210M and PC-600M) was well described by the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm.In addition, there is no significant difference in the adsorption of phosphorus between pyrochars and hydrochars, but the preparation cost of hydrochars is lower than that of pyrochars.It was confirmed that the low--cost Fe-Mn-modified pyro/hydrochar from swine manure had potential for efficient phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and would facilitate value-added utilization of swine manure.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENGINEERING}, author={Zhu, Fanglun and Zhang, Cheng and Shan, Shengdao and Yuan, Wenqiao and PawLowski, Artur and Song, Chengfang and Cao, Yucheng and LI, Yongfu and Wangj, Junjie and Qian, Jinyao}, year={2021}, pages={83–101} }
 @misc{fan_zhang_li_wang_leng_li_yao_lu_yuan_zhou_2020, title={Algal biorefinery to value-added products by using combined processes based on thermochemical conversion: A review}, volume={47}, ISSN={["2211-9264"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.algal.2020.101819}, abstractNote={Thermochemical processes, including gasification, liquefaction, and pyrolysis, are promising technologies for algal conversion. Gasification is effective to convert algal biomass into fuel gases while liquefaction and pyrolysis are favorable for the production of bio-oil with low molecular weight and biocrude with high energy density, respectively. To understand the role of algal components (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) on thermochemical conversion processes, this paper reviews the properties of biofuels from the thermochemical conversion of algal components and their model compounds. The characteristic fingerprints of algal components differ from one another. Consequently, the thermochemical conversion of the total algal biomass results in heterogeneity of the biofuels. The unfavorable nitrogenous compound production also leads to resource and energy losses, which are the critical bottleneck of algal biorefinery. As such, this review tackles some combined processes. The combination of the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass and the hydrothermal gasification of an aqueous fraction shows potential for applications that improve fuel gas production. Lipid extraction combined with thermochemical residue conversion contributes to an increase in total oil yield. Protein extraction combined with thermochemical residue conversion decreases the risk of nitrogenous compound contamination in bio-oil and increases the recovery of value-added protein-derived products. Protein and lipid extraction before thermochemical conversion should be further explored to maximize the exploitation of multiple value-added products from algal biomass.}, journal={ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS}, author={Fan, Liangliang and Zhang, Haili and Li, Jingjing and Wang, Yunpu and Leng, Lijian and Li, Jun and Yao, Yanhong and Lu, Qian and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zhou, Wenguang}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @misc{wang_chen_zhou_yuan_wang_2020, title={Algal cell lysis by bacteria: A review and comparison to conventional methods}, volume={46}, ISSN={["2211-9264"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.algal.2020.101794}, abstractNote={The lysis or disruption of eukaryotic, unicellular algae by bacteria and other conventional methods is important for both algal bloom control and biofuel production. This study was aimed to synthesize and analyze the current knowledge and research about algal cell lysis, with a special emphasis on bacteria-algae interactions. A brief review of algal lysis by conventional methods including mechanical and non-mechanical methods was first introduced, then the current knowledge about the isolation and classification of algicidal bacteria, the possible algicidal mechanisms, prey preferences, and potential applications were summarized. Approximately 70% of the algicidal bacteria lyse algae by indirect attack, with the rest requiring direct contact with the target prey, and algae species specificity is not evident among various algicidal bacteria. Mechanistic knowledge about the lysis effects of algicidal bacteria on their prey is still deficient, owing to the limitations of current techniques for identifying the interactions of algae and algicidal bacteria at various levels, from molecular to cellular and population scales. The advantages and disadvantages of algicidal bacterial cell lysis versus conventional non-biological methods were discussed. Potential ways to address the drawbacks of bacteria-based algal cell lysis for biofuel production were proposed.}, journal={ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS}, author={Wang, Meng and Chen, Shibao and Zhou, Wenguang and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wang, Duo}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @misc{wang_jiang_zhang_yuan_2020, title={Biochar production and applications in agro and forestry systems: A review}, volume={723}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137775}, abstractNote={Biochar is a product of biomass thermochemical conversion. Its yield and quality vary significantly with the production technology and process parameters, which also affect its performance in agro and forestry systems. In this review, biochar production technologies including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction were compared. The yield of biochar was found to decrease with faster heating rate or more oxygen available. The benefits of biochar application to agro and forestry systems were discussed. Improvements in soil health, plant growth, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation are apparent in many cases, but opposite results do exist, indicating that the beneficial aspect of biochar are limited to particular conditions such as the type of biochar used, the rate of application, soil type, climate, and crop species. Limitations of current studies and future research needed on biochar are also discussed. Specifically, the relationships among biochar production technologies, biochar properties, and biochar performance in agro and forestry systems must be better understood.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Wang, Duo and Jiang, Peikun and Zhang, Haibo and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{wang_zhao_yuan_2020, title={Composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from six different quinoa varieties from China}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1095-9963"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103036}, abstractNote={Due to its high nutritional value, quinoa has recently been attracting worldwide attention. The composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from quinoa varieties from other countries have been determined, but proteins from Chinese quinoa varieties have not been described. The aim of this research was to determine the composition and secondary structure of proteins isolated from six different quinoa varieties from China. In all varieties, the protein content was 69.62–73.14%. The fat content and ash content were all less than 2%. The starch content was 20.67–23.12%. The amino acid composition and secondary structures of quinoa protein isolates (QPIs) purified from six Chinese quinoa varieties were investigated by using a combination of amino acid analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that QPIs, with molecular weights ranging from 10.0 kDa to 50.0 kDa, were rich in essential amino acids. In addition, glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid found in the quinoa protein isolates. The remaining amino acid contents were balanced, except for tryptophan. The secondary structures of QPIs have been quantified by the deconvolution of the amide I band of the FTIR spectrum of QPIs. The main secondary structure in quinoa isolate protein was the β-sheet (from 30.86% to 36.88%). These results will be promising guides for the use of QPIs in food processing and additives.}, journal={JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE}, author={Wang, Xinwei and Zhao, Renyong and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{khoobbakht_kheiralipour_yuan_seifi_karimi_2020, title={Desirability function approach for optimization of enzymatic transesterification catalyzed by lipase immobilized on mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles}, volume={158}, ISSN={["1879-0682"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.087}, abstractNote={Lipase-catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production is clean, effective and water tolerance compare with conventional chemical or physical biodiesel synthesis methods. Therefore, in the present research, Burkholderia cepacia lipase was immobilized onto mesoporous silica/iron oxide magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for canola waste cooking oil (WCO) conversion to biodiesel. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the transesterification parameters. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for biodiesel yield by multiple regression analysis. Desirability function approach gave the optimal transesterification condition as: immobilized lipase concentration of 36%, reaction time of 25 h, methanol to WCO molar ratio of 6.2 and reaction temperature of 34 °C. The predicted biodiesel yield was 92% at the optimal condition. Transesterification catalyzed by the immobilized lipase carried out three times repeatedly, by losing just 11% of lipase activity in the third cycle of the transesterification.}, journal={RENEWABLE ENERGY}, author={Khoobbakht, Golmohammad and Kheiralipour, Kamran and Yuan, Wenqiao and Seifi, Mohammad Reza and Karimi, Mahmoud}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={253–262} }
 @article{wang_zhu_bi_zhao_nie_yuan_2020, title={Dynamics of microbial community and changes of metabolites during production of type I sourdough steamed bread made by retarded sponge-dough method}, volume={330}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127316}, abstractNote={Dynamics of microbial community and changes of metabolites during production of type Ι sourdough steamed bread made by retarded sponge-dough method (SSB) were studied. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Lactobacillus pontis were the dominant bacterial species. Particularly, relative abundances of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis were significantly higher than that of other sub-dominant bacterial species. The dominant fungal species were Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kazachstania humilis, and the latter was the most predominant. A stable bacterial and fungal consortia was established in sponge dough retarded from 12 to 24 h and main dough proofed from 30 to 60 min. Metabolism preference for maltose of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis favoured a mutualistic association with maltose-negative Kazachstania humilis, and hence contributing to their competitiveness and dominance. Volatile compounds became more abundant with much more esters as sponge retarding time extended. Probably, the accumulation of organic acids and ethanol contributed mostly to formation of ethyl esters in sponge dough during retarding.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Wang, Xiangyu and Zhu, Xiaoge and Bi, Yanlan and Zhao, Renyong and Nie, Yuanyang and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{zhou_liu_yuan_2020, title={Kinetic modeling of butyric acid effects on butanol fermentation by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1876-4347"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.nbt.2019.10.004}, abstractNote={A kinetic model of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation taking into account butyric acid effects was developed and implemented in COPASI. The model was validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data in batch cultures of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum under various concentrations of initial glucose (97.1 to 152.6 mM) and butyric acid (90.7 to 153.2 mM). The modeling results suggested that increasing the conversion rates from butyryl-CoA (BCoA) to butanol, from butyrate to BCoA, or from pyruvate to lactate would increase butanol synthesis. Similarly, reducing glucose uptake rate or the reaction rates from pyruvate to acetyl CoA (ACoA), from acetoacetyl CoA (AACoA) to BCoA, or from BCoA to butyrate would improve butanol production. Overall, the kinetic model developed can accurately predict the dynamic behavior of metabolites in ABE fermentation with butyric acid addition, which may subsequently be used to identify genetic manipulation strategies for higher bio-butanol production.}, journal={NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Zhou, Quan and Liu, Ying and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={118–126} }
 @article{james_yuan_wang_wang_kumar_2020, title={The Effect of Gasification Conditions on the Surface Properties of Biochar Produced in a Top-Lit Updraft Gasifier}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2076-3417"]}, DOI={10.3390/app10020688}, abstractNote={The effect of airflow rate, biomass moisture content, particle size, and compactness on the surface properties of biochar produced in a top-lit updraft gasifier was investigated. Pine woodchips were studied as the feedstock. The carbonization airflow rates from 8 to 20 L/min were found to produce basic biochars (pH > 7.0) that contained basic functional groups. No acid functional groups were presented when the airflow increased. The surface charge of biochar at varying airflow rates showed that the cation exchange capacity increased with airflow. The increase in biomass moisture content from 10 to 14% caused decrease in the pH from 12 to 7.43, but the smallest or largest particle sizes resulted in low pH; therefore, the carboxylic functional groups increased. Similarly, the biomass compactness exhibited a negative correlation with the pH that reduced with increasing compactness level. Thus, the carboxylic acid functional groups of biochar increased from 0 to 0.016 mmol g−1, and the basic functional group decreased from 0.115 to 0.073 mmol g−1 when biomass compactness force increased from 0 to 3 kg. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of biochar was greater at higher airflow and smaller particle size, lower moisture content, and less compactness of the biomass.}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}, author={James, Arthur M. R. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wang, Duo and Wang, Donghai and Kumar, Ajay}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{wang_zhao_yuan_2020, title={Type I sourdough steamed bread made by retarded sponge-dough method}, volume={311}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126029}, abstractNote={A retarded sponge-dough method was adopted to make type I sourdough steamed bread (SSB). When matured from 9 to 21 h, sourdoughs attained a properly developed state with desirable acidifying and leavening capacity. Optimal parameters were obtained as follows: sourdough maturing time of 15 h, 40% of sourdough, 72% of flour in sponge dough and retarding time of 24 h. SSB under optimized parameters had large specific volume, fine crumb texture and a high sensory score. Flavor compounds in SSB (a total of 85) were more abundant than that in the control. Many aroma-active esters were identified of which ethyl hexanoate was the most abundant. Anti-staling effects were observed, including a great delay of crumb firmness and starch retrogradation. Retarding up to 24 h of sponge-dough allowed sufficient time for microbial metabolism and endogenous enzyme bioconversion, providing SSB with desirable balanced flavor and aromatic characteristics.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Wang, Xiangyu and Zhao, Renyong and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{li_wei_liu_ye_li_yuan_wang_wang_2019, title={Catalysts evaluation for production of hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes from the pyrolysis-catalysis of waste tyres}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1879-3487"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.204}, abstractNote={Six different types of catalysts (nickel, iron, and cobalt each supported by γ-Al2O3 and activated carbon) that were prepared via impregnation were used to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the pyrolytic product of waste tyres. A two-stage pyrolytic-catalytic reactor was constructed, in which the waste tyre was pyrolyzed in the first pyrolysis reactor, and the resultant pyrolysis vapors underwent the reforming and upgrading step in the downstream catalytic reactor. The results showed that the interaction between the active metal and its support had a remarkable effect on the production of H2 and CNTs. Compared with the series of γ-Al2O3 supported catalysts, all the activated carbon-supported catalysts showed higher H2 yields and better CNTs quality. For the same catalyst support (γ-Al2O3 or activated carbon), the higher yield of H2 and better quality of CNTs were obtained by the Ni catalysts, followed by the Fe catalysts and the Co catalysts. Among all the catalysts, Ni supported by activated carbon exhibited the best catalytic performance, producing the highest hydrogen yield (59.55 vol.%) and the best CNT quality. Further investigation about the influence of CH4 and naphthalene as the carbon source on generated CNTs revealed that CH4 led to longer CNT length and higher graphitization than naphthalene.}, number={36}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY}, author={Li, Wenping and Wei, Mimi and Liu, Yunquan and Ye, Yueyuan and Li, Shuirong and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wang, Meng and Wang, Duo}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={19563–19572} }
 @article{liu_geng_zhao_zheng_yuan_2019, title={EFFECTS OF FORMIC AND LEVULINIC ACIDS ON BUTYRIC ACID SYNTHESIS BY CLOSTRIDIUM TYROBUTYRICUM IN XYLOSE MEDIA}, volume={62}, ISSN={["2151-0040"]}, DOI={10.13031/trans.13669}, abstractNote={Abstract. Weak acids released during hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass are potential inhibitors of microorganism fermentation. In this study, the effects of formic and levulinic acids on butyric acid synthesis by were investigated. With the addition of 1.2 to 4.8 g L-1 of formic acid, increased lag time, decreased cell density, and lower butyric acid productivity were observed. Up to 15% and 56% reduction in peak cell density and butyric acid productivity, respectively, were caused by formic acid addition, whereas there was no significant difference in butyric acid yield between the control and formic acid treated groups (except for the 2.4 g formic acid L-1 treatment). Levulinic acid did not show any notable effects on within the investigated concentration range (0 to 4.8 g L-1). Overall, showed strong tolerance of both formic and levulinic acids, but neither of these acids could be metabolized by the microbe.HighlightsFormic acid had dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on C. tyrobutyricum.Levulinic acid had no effects on cell growth or butyrate synthesis.Neither formic acid nor levulinic acid was metabolized by C. tyrobutyricum.C. tyrobutyricum showed strong tolerance to formic acid and levulinic acid. Keywords: Butyric acid, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Formic acid, Levulinic acid, Lignocellulosic hydrolysate, Xylose.}, number={6}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE}, author={Liu, Y. and Geng, Y. and Zhao, R. and Zheng, H. and Yuan, W.}, year={2019}, pages={1803–1809} }
 @article{liu_luo_wang_yuan_2019, title={Optimization of antioxidant extraction from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum using response surface methodology}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1744-3571"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.003}, abstractNote={Brown algae are valuable sources of health-benefiting compounds, such as polyphenols, proteins, and polysaccharides. In the present study, a binary solvent system of ethanol and water was used to obtain crude extracts from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. The extraction process was optimized using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology to obtain crude extracts with strong antioxidant activity and high yield. Three variables including solvent-to-solid ratio (30–70 ml/g), ethanol concentration in the solvent system (40–80%), and extraction temperature (20–60 °C) were investigated to optimize the extraction process. The condition for maximum antioxidant activity of the crude extract was found at 70 ml/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, and 20 °C extraction temperature, while the condition for the highest crude extract yield was 40 ml/g solvent–solid-ratio, 44.83% ethanol concentration and 60 °C extraction temperature. Under the model-predicted optimal conditions, the predicted antioxidant activity and yield of the crude extract were 74.01 ml/g (1/IC50) and 55.60 mg extract/g-algae, which were in close agreement with the experimental results of 74.05 ml/g and 53.80 mg extract/g-algae, respectively, suggesting that the models could accurately predict and improve the extraction of antioxidants from A. nodosum.}, journal={FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING}, author={Liu, Xin and Luo, Guanghong and Wang, Lijuan and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={205–215} }
 @article{james_yuan_boyette_wang_2018, title={Airflow and insulation effects on simultaneous syngas and biochar production in a top-lit updraft biomass gasifier}, volume={117}, ISSN={["0960-1481"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.034}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to understand the effect of airflow and insulation on syngas and biochar generations of rice hulls and woodchips in a top-lit updraft gasifier. Biochar yield decreased with increasing airflow. The highest biochar yields of 39% and 27% were achieved at 8 L/min airflow for rice hulls and woodchips, respectively. The mass fraction of syngas in the products increased with increasing airflow, which ranged from 88–89% for rice hulls and 93–94% for woodchips. The H2 composition in syngas also increased at higher airflow rates; it peaked at 4.2–4.4% for rice hulls and 5.7–6.6% (v/v) for woodchips, which was not affected by insulation. The carbon monoxide content in syngas ranged from approximately 12 to 15% (v/v) and was not affected by airflow or insulation. Average tar content in syngas decreased for both biomasses when airflow increased, but adding insulation resulted in significantly higher tar content in syngas. The biomass type also had significant effects on gasifier performance. Biochar yields from rice hulls were greater than that from woodchips at all airflow rates. The lowest tar contents in syngas were approximately 1.16 and 11.88 g/m3 for rice hulls and woodchips, respectively.}, journal={RENEWABLE ENERGY}, author={James, Arthur M. R. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Boyette, Michael D. and Wang, Donghai}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={116–124} }
 @article{amini_wang_hashemisohi_shahbazi_bikdash_dukka_yuan_2018, title={An integrated growth kinetics and computational fluid dynamics model for the analysis of algal productivity in open raceway ponds}, volume={145}, ISSN={["1872-7107"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.010}, abstractNote={An integrated growth kinetic, light transfer and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the algal growth in open raceway ponds (ORP). C. vulgaris was used as a model algal strain. The coefficients of the growth kinetics were experimentally determined for the prediction of the growth of C. vulgaris as a function of environmental factors of light intensity, temperature and pH value. Experiments were conducted to grow C. vulgaris in lab-scale ORPs with medium depths of 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m to validate the mathematical model. The final measured biomass concentration after the 3-week growth were 0.48, 0.41, and 0.35 g/L for the ORPs with the medium depths of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m, respectively. The predicted algal productivities for a 3-week cultivation were 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5 g/m2/day for depths of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m, respectively, which well agreed with the measured values of 6.8, 7.2 and 7.4 g/m2/day, respectively. The biomass productivity decreased with the increase of growth time due to the increase of cell concentration. The model was further used to analyze the effects of different harvesting strategies on the algal productivity in ORPs. The algal productivity for the 3-week cultivation in the ORP with a 0.2 m depth by harvesting 50% algae at the target 0.2 g/L cell density was 10.5 g/m2/day, which was 43.8% higher than 7.3 g/m2/day for the 3-week cultivation under the same condition without harvesting at a final cell density of 0.48 g/L. The average algal productivity decreased with the increase of harvesting cell density.}, journal={COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE}, author={Amini, Hossein and Wang, Lijun and Hashemisohi, Abolhasan and Shahbazi, Abolghasem and Bikdash, Marwan and Dukka, K. C. and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={363–372} }
 @article{zhou_liu_yuan_2018, title={Kinetic modeling of lactic acid and acetic acid effects on butanol fermentation by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum}, volume={226}, ISSN={["1873-7153"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.019}, abstractNote={Kinetic models of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation with lactic acid or acetic acid addition were developed and implemented in COPASI for metabolic analysis of acid effects on butanol synthesis. The simulation results were compared with experimental data in batch cultures of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum under various initial lactic acid or acetic acid concentrations. High average correlation coefficients (r2) of over 0.92 between simulation and experimental results were obtained in both models. According to parameter scan in both models, reducing glucose uptake rate, increasing the conversion rate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to pyruvate or from butyryl-CoA (BCoA) to butanol would enhance butanol production. On the other hand, increasing consumption rate of supplemented lactic acid or acetic acid could also contribute to improved butanol synthesis. Overall, the developed kinetic models can accurately predict the dynamic behavior of metabolites in ABE fermentation with lactic acid or acetic acid addition and consequently identify genetic manipulation strategies for higher bio-butanol production in the future.}, journal={FUEL}, author={Zhou, Quan and Liu, Ying and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={181–189} }
 @article{zhou_zheng_yuan_2018, title={Modeling Butanol Synthesis in Xylose by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.13.4.7270-7280}, abstractNote={To examine the effect of xylose concentration on butanol synthesis by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, a kinetic model of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation in the media with various xylose concentrations (40 g/L to 60 g/L) was developed and implemented in COPASI. Batch fermentation experiments were conducted to feed and validate the model, and the highest butanol production was achieved in 45 g/L xylose medium. Strong correlations (R2 > 0.91) between model simulation and experimental results were obtained. The modeling results suggested that the reaction rates in R6 (from acetate to acetyl-CoA), R8 (from acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA), R9 (from acetoacetyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA), R10 (from butyryl-CoA to butanol), R14 (from butyrate to butyryl-CoA), and R20 (xylose consumption) were higher in groups with an initial xylose of 45 g/L, 50 g/L, or 55 g/L than those in groups with 40 g/L or 60 g/L xylose. In contrast, the reaction rates in R13 (from butyryl-CoA to butyrate) and R16 (from biomass to inactive cells) were lower in groups with initial xylose of 45 g/L, 50 g/L, or 55 g/L than those in groups with 40 g/L or 60 g/L xylose, which indicated that when initial xylose concentration changed, those reactions were affected, which resulted in different butanol syntheses.}, number={4}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Zhou, Quan and Zheng, Huabao and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, pages={7270–7280} }
 @article{ataie_riding_yuan_2018, title={The Impact of Hydrothermal and Dilute Acid Pretreatments and Inorganic Metals on Thermal Decomposition of Agricultural Residues and Agricultural Residue Ash Properties}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1939-1242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-018-9935-y}, number={4}, journal={BIOENERGY RESEARCH}, author={Ataie, Feraidon F. and Riding, Kyle A. and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={826–834} }
 @article{lu_yuan_2018, title={The effect of culture conditions on the accumulation and activity of F0F1 ATP synthase in thermophilic bacteria Bacillus PS3}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1097-4660"]}, DOI={10.1002/jctb.5695}, abstractNote={Abstract BACKGROUND The proton‐translocating protein F 0 F 1 ATP synthase is a transmembrane protein that catalyzes ATP synthesis and is important in artificial photosynthesis and other life science studies. The objective of this study was to understand the accumulation and ATPase activity of F 0 F 1 ATP synthase in the thermophilic bacteria Bacillus PS3 affected by culture conditions, including the type of nitrogen source and the concentrations of polypeptone and sodium chloride in the culture medium, as well as medium pH and aeration rate. RESULTS The highest yield and ATPase activity of purified enzymes were obtained when adding polypeptone as the nitrogen source at higher concentrations. Medium pH and aeration rate showed significant effects on the accumulation and activity of F 0 F 1 ATP synthase. Contrarily, sodium chloride concentration had little effect on the growth of PS3 or F 0 F 1 ATP synthase accumulation. The highest yield and specific activity of purified F 0 F 1 ATP synthase achieved were 1.631 g L −1 and 7.99 µmol min −1 mg −1 , under the culture conditions of pH 7, aeration of 3 L min −1 and 0.3% NaCl and 1.2% (w/w) polypeptone concentrations. The F 0 F 1 ATP synthase purified was characterized by SDS‐PAGE and contained all expected subunits. CONCLUSION All of the studied culture conditions except for NaCl concentration significantly affected Bacillus PS3 cell growth and ATP synthase accumulation and reactivity. Polypeptone at higher concentrations in the culture medium along with neutral pH and greater aeration rates were desirable. Cell growth and ATPase activity of F 0 F 1 ATP synthase were highly positively associated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Lu, Hao and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={3386–3393} }
 @article{liu_geng_zhou_yuan_2018, title={The effect of furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural on butyric acid fermentation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum}, volume={93}, DOI={10.1002/jctb.5439}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND 
Potential inhibitory effects of byproducts from lignocellulosic hydrolysis process, including furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) on butyric acid fermentation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum were studied by adding furfural (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 g L−1) and HMF (0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 g L−1) separately into the xylose medium. 
 
RESULTS 
Increases in furfural or HMF concentration led to reduced butyric acid productivity. Delays on cell growth and xylose consumption were also noticed with increasing concentrations of furfural and HMF. Complete inhibition on C. tyrobutyricum fermentation was observed at 1.2 g L−1 of furfural, while HMF showed less severe effects that C. tyrobutyricum could tolerate up to 2.4 g L−1 of HMF. Both furfural and HMF could be metabolized by C. tyrobutyricum. 
 
CONCLUSION 
Furfural with concentrations higher than 0.3 g L−1 and HMF with concentrations higher than 0.6 g L−1 can significantly inhibit the butyric acid fermentation of C. tyrobutyricum and furfural had more severe effects in terms of cell growth and metabolisms.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology}, author={Liu, Y. and Geng, Y. X. and Zhou, Q. and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2018}, pages={849–854} }
 @article{liu_yuan_sharma-shivappa_zanten_2017, title={Antioxidant activity of phlorotannins from brown algae}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1934-6352"]}, DOI={10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2854}, abstractNote={The antioxidant activity of the phlorotannins extracted from five marine algae species (Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum) was studied. Three phlorotannin groups, including soluble, membrane-bound, and extracted membrane-bound phlorotannins obtained by two solvent extraction methods were investigated for their DPPH radical scavenging activity. F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum showed the highest phlorotannin yield (14.83 mg-extract/g-algae and 12.80 mg-extract/g-algae, respectively) among the five algae species. Their soluble phlorophannin (SP), membrane-bound phlorotannin (MP) and extracted membrane-bound phlorotannin (eMP) extracts all showed equal or greater DPPH radical scavenging activity than the commercial antioxidants of butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant potential that combines phlorotannin yield and antioxidant activity of the MP extracts of F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum (5890 mL/g and 5278 mL/g algae, respectively) were higher than those of SP and eMP, suggesting that the MPs of F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum had great potential to be used as antioxidants. Different extraction methods also showed significantly different effects on the antioxidant activity of the phlorotannin extracts. Keywords: brown algae, phlorotannin, antioxidant activity, antioxidant, bioseparation, polyphenol, solvent extraction methods DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2854 Citation: Liu X, Yuan W Q, Sharma-Shivappa R, van Zanten J. Antioxidant activity of phlorotannins from brown algae. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 184–191.}, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING}, author={Liu, Xin and Yuan, Wenqiao and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Zanten, John}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={184–191} }
 @article{luo_zhang_chen_yuan_geng_2017, title={Butyric Acid Fermentation in Xylose and Glucose by Clostridium tyrobutyricum}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.12.2.2930-2940}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to understand the effect of different concentrations of xylose and glucose on butyric acid production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. C. tyrobutyricum was cultured in a medium containing xylose, glucose, or mixtures of xylose and glucose as the main carbon source. The butyric acid concentration increased from 3.5 to 16.3 g/L in the xylose media, and from 2.6 to 27.0 g/L in the glucose media when the initial sugar concentration increased from 5 to 75 g/L. The yield from xylose to butyric acid started to decrease as the sugar concentration was above 35 g/L, while for glucose media higher glucose concentration resulted in higher yield. At low sugar concentrations (5 g/L or 15 g/L), xylose was more efficient than glucose for butyric acid generation, but at high concentrations (55 or 75 g/L), glucose was more efficient. In mixtures containing both sugars, glucose was the preferred sugar for bacteria growth and xylose was rapidly consumed only after the glucose was exhausted. The xylose to glucose ratio affected bacterial growth and butyric acid production. High xylose to glucose ratios (4:1 or 3:2) showed better butyric acid production than low ratios (1:1, 2:3, or 1:4) when the total initial sugar content in the media was kept at 30 g/L.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Luo, Guanghong and Zhang, Ling and Chen, Tianren and Yuan, Wenqiao and Geng, Yingxi}, year={2017}, pages={2930–2940} }
 @inproceedings{ren_ghassemi_yuan_zhou_chong_noh_2017, title={Cell-free artificial photosynthesis system}, DOI={10.1109/transducers.2017.7994433}, abstractNote={We developed a cell-free artificial photosynthesis platform conducting both light and dark reactions for harvesting light energy and transforming the energy to organic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, such a device had not been reported so far. This system was able to harvest light energy and transform the energy to organic compounds, mimicking a plant leaf. We integrated the "artificial leaves" on a PCB demonstration board to create a compact energy harvesting system with a promising efficiency.}, booktitle={2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS)}, author={Ren, X. and Ghassemi, P. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zhou, J. and Chong, P. and Noh, M.}, year={2017}, pages={1859–1862} }
 @article{zhang_xu_johnson_yuan_pei_wang_2017, title={Development of near-infrared spectroscopy models for quantitative determination of cellulose and hemicellulose contents of big bluestem}, volume={109}, ISSN={["0960-1481"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.020}, abstractNote={Big bluestem is a dominant warm-season perennial native grass that has underutilized potential as a bioenergy crop. The objective of this study was to leverage a high-throughput, cost-effective phenotype of cellulose and hemicellulose contents in big bluestem biomass using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to facilitate plant breeding and genetics studies. In order to develop NIR prediction models, a set of 56 big bluestem samples with seven genotypes from four planting locations in 2010 and 2011 were analyzed according to traditional wet chemical methods. Advanced multivariate analysis techniques and NIR spectroscopy improved the prediction models based on value of the coefficient of determination (R2). Partial least squares proved to be a better quantitative method than principal component regression based on larger R2, ratio of standard error of prediction set to sample standard deviation (RPD), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) when developing NIR prediction models. The spectral range from 4000 to 7500 cm−1 with the first derivative treatment yielded a better prediction model than full range, with R2 of 0.92, RMSEP of 0.67%, and RPD of 4.52 in the validation sample set for cellulose and R2 of 0.91, RMSEP of 0.72%, and RPD of 3.12 for hemicellulose. These models provide good insight into the relationship between chemical bonds and structure sugars of big bluestem, allowing a rapid and accurate determination of cellulose and hemicellulose contents at low cost.}, journal={RENEWABLE ENERGY}, author={Zhang, Ke and Xu, Youjie and Johnson, Loretta and Yuan, Wenqiao and Pei, Zhijian and Wang, Donghai}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={101–109} }
 @article{liu_yuan_meng_2017, title={Extraction and quantification of phlorotannins from edible brown algae}, volume={60}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Liu, X. and Yuan, W. and Meng, X.}, year={2017}, pages={265–271} }
 @article{yuan_chen_yuan_williams_walker_shi_2017, title={Is biochar-manure co-compost a better solution for soil health improvement and N2O emissions mitigation?}, volume={113}, ISSN={0038-0717}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2017.05.025}, DOI={10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2017.05.025}, abstractNote={Land application of compost has been a promising remediation strategy for soil health and environmental quality, but substantial emissions of greenhouse gases, especially N2O, need to be controlled during making and using compost of high N-load wastes, such as chicken manure. Biochar as a bulking agent for composting has been proposed as a novel approach to solve this issue, due to large surface area and porosity, and thus high ion exchange and adsorption capacity. Here, we compared the impacts of biochar-chicken manure co-compost (BM) and chicken manure compost (M) on soil biological properties and processes in a 120-d microcosm experiment at the soil moisture of 60% water-filled pore space. Our results showed that BM and M addition significantly enhanced soil total C and N, inorganic and KCl-extractable organic N, microbial biomass C and N, cellulase enzyme activity, abundance of N2O-producing bacteria and fungi, and gas emissions of N2O and CO2. However, compared to the M treatment, BM significantly reduced soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 35% and 27%, respectively, over the experimental period. The 15N-N2O site preference, i.e., difference between 15N-N2O in the center position (δ15Nα) and the end position (δ15Nβ), was ∼17‰ for M and ∼26‰ for BM during the first week of incubation, suggesting that BM suppressed N2O from bacterial denitrification and/or nitrifier denitrification. This inference was well aligned with the observation that soil glucosaminidase activity and nirK gene abundance were lower in BM than M treatment. Further, soil peroxidase activity was greater in BM than M treatment, implying soil organic C was more stable in BM treatment. Our data demonstrated that the biochar-chicken manure co-compost could substantially reduce soil N2O emissions compared to chicken manure compost, via controls on soil organic C stabilization and the activities of microbial functional groups, especially bacterial denitrifiers.}, journal={Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yuan, Yinghong and Chen, Huaihai and Yuan, Wenqiao and Williams, David and Walker, John T. and Shi, Wei}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={14–25} }
 @article{shen_li_zhu_ho_yuan_chen_xie_2017, title={Microalgal-biochar immobilized complex: A novel efficient biosorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution}, volume={244}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.085}, abstractNote={The feasibility of the bioremediation of cadmium (Cd) using microalgal-biochar immobilized complex (MBIC) was investigated. Major operating parameters (e.g., pH, biosorbent dosage, initial Cd(II) concentration and microalgal-biochar ratio) were varied to compare the treatability of viable algae (Chlorella sp.), biochar and MBIC. The biosorption isotherms obtained by using algae or biochar were found to have satisfactory Langmuir predictions, while the best fitting adsorption isotherm model for MBIC was the Sips model. The maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacity of MBIC with a Chlorella sp.: biochar ratio of 2:3 (217.41mgg-1) was higher than that of Chlorella sp. (169.92mgg-1) or biochar (95.82mgg-1) alone. The pseudo-second-order model fitted the biosorption process of MBIC well (R2>0.999). Moreover, zeta potential, SEM and FTIR studies revealed that electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and surface complexation were the main mechanisms responsible for Cd removal when using MBIC.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Shen, Ying and Li, Huan and Zhu, Wenzhe and Ho, Shih-Hsin and Yuan, Wenqiao and Chen, Jianfeng and Xie, Youping}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={1031–1038} }
 @article{ren_lu_zhou_chong_yuan_noh_2017, title={Porous Polydimethylsiloxane as a Gas-Liquid Interface for Microfluidic Applications}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1941-0158"]}, DOI={10.1109/jmems.2016.2618395}, abstractNote={A gas–liquid interface in microfluidic devices requires effective gas absorption and minimal leakage. Here, we present porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a gas–liquid interface for microfluidic applications. Two different porous PDMS structures, cube and film, have been prepared and tested for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption ability in microfluidic devices. Porous PDMS showed higher CO2 absorption rates compared with original PDMS thin films. We also demonstrated the utility of porous PDMS gas–liquid interface via artificial photosynthesis device. The experimental results indicated that the porous PDMS gas–liquid interface facilitates sufficient glucose synthesis by allowing effective CO2 penetration.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS}, author={Ren, Xiang and Lu, Hao and Zhou, Jack G. and Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau and Yuan, Wenqiao and Noh, Moses}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={120–126} }
 @article{liu_sanguanphun_yuan_cheng_meetam_2017, title={The biological responses and metal phytoaccumulation of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza to manganese and chromium}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1614-7499"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11356-017-9519-y}, number={23}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH}, author={Liu, Ying and Sanguanphun, Tanatcha and Yuan, Wenqiao and Cheng, Jay J. and Meetam, Metha}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={19104–19113} }
 @article{james_yuan_boyette_wang_kumar_2016, title={Characterization of biochar from rice hulls and wood chips produced in a top-lit updraft biomass gasifier}, volume={59}, number={3}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={James, R. A. M. and Yuan, W. Q. and Boyette, M. D. and Wang, D. H. and Kumar, A.}, year={2016}, pages={749–756} }
 @article{wang_yuan_2016, title={Modeling bubble dynamics and radical kinetics in ultrasound induced microalgal cell disruption}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1873-2828"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.025}, abstractNote={Microalgal cell disruption induced by acoustic cavitation was simulated through solving the bubble dynamics in an acoustical field and their radial kinetics (chemical kinetics of radical species) occurring in the bubble during its oscillation, as well as calculating the bubble wall pressure at the collapse point. Modeling results indicated that increasing ultrasonic intensity led to a substantial increase in the number of bubbles formed during acoustic cavitation, however, the pressure generated when the bubbles collapsed decreased. Therefore, cumulative collapse pressure (CCP) of bubbles was used to quantify acoustic disruption of a freshwater alga, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and a marine alga, Nannochloropsis oculata and compare with experimental results. The strong correlations between CCP and the intracellular lipid fluorescence density, chlorophyll-a fluorescence density, and cell particle/debris concentration were found, which suggests that the developed models could accurately predict acoustic cell disruption, and can be utilized in the scale up and optimization of the process.}, journal={ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY}, author={Wang, Meng and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={7–14} }
 @article{lu_yuan_cheng_rose_classen_simmons_2016, title={Modeling the Growth of Archaeon Halobacterium halobium Affected by Temperature and Light}, volume={181}, ISSN={0273-2289 1559-0291}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2270-x}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-016-2270-x}, number={3}, journal={Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Lu, Hao and Yuan, Wenqiao and Cheng, Jay and Rose, Robert B. and Classen, John J. and Simmons, Otto D.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={1080–1095} }
 @article{jia_wang_yuan_shah_shi_meng_ju_yang_2016, title={N2O EMISSION AND NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN CHICKEN MANURE AND BIOCHAR CO-COMPOSTING}, volume={59}, ISSN={["2151-0040"]}, DOI={10.13031/trans.59.11685}, abstractNote={This study examined the effect of biochar addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and nitrogen (N) transformation in co-composting of biochar and chicken manure. Compared with the control (no biochar), addition of 20% biochar resulted in a 59.8% decrease in the major peak of N2O emission. Ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N) contents in the final product with 20% biochar addition increased by 67.3% and 66.7%, respectively, compared to the control. Turning frequency (TF), the primary parameter of aeration and temperature control in the biochar-manure co-composting process, was also investigated. Results indicated that less frequent turning (e.g., turning every seven days) promoted NH4+-N and NO3-N retention but increased peak N2O emission by 58.1% compared with daily turning. Overall, biochar can be an ideal bulking agent for stabilizing N-rich materials to minimize N2O emission and, with proper aeration, can enhance nitrogen retention based on this laboratory study.}, number={5}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE}, author={Jia, X. and Wang, M. and Yuan, W. and Shah, S. and Shi, W. and Meng, X. and Ju, X. and Yang, B.}, year={2016}, pages={1277–1283} }
 @article{amini_hashemisohi_wang_shahbazi_bikdash_dukka_yuan_2016, title={Numerical and experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and light transfer in open raceway ponds at various algal cell concentrations and medium depths}, volume={156}, ISSN={["1873-4405"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2016.09.003}, abstractNote={A spectral radiation-transport model was integrated with a three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the hydrodynamics and light transfer in open raceway ponds (ORPs). The predicted three-dimensional velocity and light intensity agreed well with measured values collected on a lab-scale ORP. However, there was a slight difference in the predicted velocity profiles using two different types of boundaries for the paddlewheel, i.e., the moving zone boundary and inlet velocity boundary, with R2 values between the predicted and measured velocities of 0.9947 and 0.9838, respectively. The R2 value between the predicted and measured light intensity was 0.9939. Simulations were further conducted on a large-scale ORP with 100 m2 surface area operated at total medium depths of 0.2 and 0.3 m, average cell concentration of 0.4 g/L, and inlet velocities of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m/s from the paddlewheel. The increase of inlet flow velocity from 0.1 to 0.2 m/s resulted in a more uniform cell concentration profile. However, when the inlet velocity was further increased from 0.2 to 0.3 m/s, there was only a slight increase in the uniformity of the cell concentration. In addition, the simulation results showed that sedimentation of cells more likely occurred at the bottom of the ORP with a total medium depth of 0.2 m than at 0.3 m at the same inlet velocity. The increase of inlet velocity from the paddlewheel resulted in a uniformly distributed light intensity in the region near the medium surface (e.g., 0.05 m depth from the surface) owing to improved mixing. However, owing to a sudden drop in the light intensity after a few centimeters from the medium surface, the cell sedimentation that occurred at the bottom of the ORPs had negligible effects on the light penetration depth in the medium.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, author={Amini, Hossein and Hashemisohi, Abolhasan and Wang, Lijun and Shahbazi, Abolghasem and Bikdash, Marwan and Dukka, K. C. and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={11–23} }
 @article{wang_yuan_luo_liu_2016, title={Optimization of ultrasound-induced microalgal lipid recovery}, volume={59}, number={5}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Wang, M. and Yuan, W. and Luo, G. and Liu, Y.}, year={2016}, pages={1459–1465} }
 @article{yang_yuan_li_zhang_2016, title={Study on an improved bio-electrode made with glucose oxidase immobilized mesoporous carbon in biofuel cells}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924659/}, DOI={10.1039/c5ra27111h}, abstractNote={Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC). Results showed that the maximum GOx adsorption on OMC was 37.38 mg g−1 OMC with the activity of 8531.59 U g−1 GOx-immobilized OMC under the optimized conditions. The interaction effect between GOx, OMC concentration and NaCl and pH were observed. By immobilizing GOx on OMC, we can improve the retained catalyst activity at high temperature (37.3 °C) and shift the optimum reaction pH towards a high value (pH 7.2). The electrochemical characteristics of immobilized GOx can also be enhanced with higher current peak (85.12 μA cm−2) and lower reduction potential.}, number={29}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Yang, Xuewei and Yuan, Wenqiao and Li, Dawei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, pages={24451–24457} }
 @article{james r._yuan_boyette_2016, title={The Effect of Biomass Physical Properties on Top-Lit Updraft Gasification ofWoodchips}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1996-1073"]}, DOI={10.3390/en9040283}, abstractNote={The performance of a top-lit updraft gasifier affected by biomass (pine wood) particle size, moisture content and compactness was studied in terms of the biochar yield, biomass burning rate, syngas composition and tar content. The highest biochar yield increase (from 12.2% to 21.8%) was achieved by varying the particle size from 7 to 30 mm, however, larger particles triggered tar generation that reached its maximum of 93.5 g/m 3 syngas at 30-mm biomass particles; in contrast, the hydrogen content in syngas was at its minimum of 2.89% at this condition. The increase in moisture content from 10% to 22% reduced biochar yield from 12% to 9.9%. It also reduced the tar content from 12.9 to 6.2 g/m 3 which was found to be the lowest range of tar content in this work. Similarly, the carbon monoxide composition in syngas decreased to its minimum of 11.16% at moisture content of 22%. Finally, the biomass compactness increased biochar yield up to 17% when the packing mass was 3 kg. However, the addition of compactness also increased the tar content in syngas, but little effect was noticed in syngas composition.}, number={4}, journal={ENERGIES}, author={James R., Arthur M. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Boyette, Michael D.}, year={2016}, month={Apr} }
 @article{seepratoomrosh_pokethitiyook_meetam_yokthongwattana_yuan_pugkaew_kangvansaichol_2016, title={The Effect of Light Stress and Other Culture Conditions on Photoinhibition and Growth of Dunaliella tertiolecta}, volume={178}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-015-1882-x}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Seepratoomrosh, Jitpisut and Pokethitiyook, Prayad and Meetam, Metha and Yokthongwattana, Kittisak and Yuan, Wenqiao and Pugkaew, Wanvisa and Kangvansaichol, Kunn}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={396–407} }
 @article{jia_wang_yuan_ju_yang_2016, title={The influence of biochar addition on chicken manure composting and associated methane and carbon dioxide emissions}, volume={11}, DOI={10.15376/biores.11.2.5255-5264}, abstractNote={The effect of biochar addition and turning frequency was examined relative to biochar-chicken manure co-composting and its associated methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results demonstrated that biochar addition was more effective in accelerating the composting process, which was indicated by a 5.2% increase in peak pile temperature and a 148% increase in peak CO2 emission with 20% biochar amended-compost, compared with the control that had no biochar. The compost pH increased and moisture content decreased significantly over the whole course of composting with the biochar amendment. The addition of 20% biochar also resulted in a 54.9% decrease in peak CH4 emission compared with the control. More frequent turning (daily vs. every 3 or 7 days) accelerated the composting process and reduced the CH4 emission.}, number={2}, journal={BioResources}, author={Jia, X. Y. and Wang, M. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Ju, X. T. and Yang, B. Z.}, year={2016}, pages={5255–5264} }
 @article{wang_yuan_hale_2016, title={Three-Dimensional Simulation of Ultrasound-Induced Microalgal Cell Disruption}, volume={178}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-015-1937-z}, number={6}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, M. and Yuan, W. and Hale, Andy}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={1184–1195} }
 @article{chong_ren_noh_kumbur_yuan_zhou_2015, title={Archaeal Tetraether Free Standing Lipid Membranes in a PDMS and PCB based Fluidic Platform}, volume={108}, ISSN={0006-3495}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.BPJ.2014.11.2655}, DOI={10.1016/J.BPJ.2014.11.2655}, abstractNote={The polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains exclusively bipolar tetraether lipids, which are able to form extraordinarily stable vesicular membranes against a number of chemical, physical and mechanical stressors. In this study, we demonstrated that PLFE can also form free-standing “planar” membranes on micro-pores (∼100 micrometer) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films embedded in printed circuit board (PCB)-based fluidics. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we found that the dielectric properties of PLFE planar membranes suspended on the PDMS films are distinctly different from those obtained from diester lipid and triblock copolymer membranes. In addition to resistance (R) and capacitance (C) that were seen in all the membranes examined, PLFE planar membranes showed an inductance (L) component. Furthermore, PLFE planar membranes displayed a relatively large membrane resistance, suggesting that, among the membranes examined, PLFE planar membrane would be a better matrix for studying channel proteins and transmembrane events. PLFE planar membranes also exhibited a sharp decrease in phase angle with the frequency of the input AC signal at ∼1 MHz, which could be utilized to develop sensors for monitoring PLFE membrane integrity in fluidics. Since the stability of free-standing planar lipid membranes increases with increasing membrane packing tightness and PLFE lipid membranes are more tightly packed than those made of diester lipids, PLFE free-standing planar membranes are expected to be considerably stable. All these salient features make PLFE planar membranes particularly attractive for model studies of channel proteins and transmembrane events and for high-throughput drug screening.}, number={2}, journal={Biophysical Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chong, Parkson and Ren, Xiang and Noh, Hongseok and Kumbur, Caglan and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zhou, Jack}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={485a–486a} }
 @article{zhang_johnson_prasad_pei_yuan_wang_2015, title={Comparison of big bluestem with other native grasses: Chemical composition and biofuel yield}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1873-6785"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.033}, abstractNote={Multiple entry selections of big bluestems and three native C4 grass species, including switchgrass, miscanthus, and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) mixture grass, were evaluated for their chemical composition and ethanol yields via diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment following simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Big bluestem and switchgrass had a similar glucan content that was significantly higher than miscanthus and CRP grass. Big bluestem had the highest average mass recovery (55.56%) after acid pretreatment, and miscanthus had the lowest mass recovery (46.3%). A positive correlation was observed between glucan recovery and mass recovery. No significant difference in average efficiency of SSF was observed among four native grasses, but ethanol yields from big bluestem entries, which averaged 26.2%, were consistently greater than the other three grasses. The highest ethanol yield among the 10 entries was from big bluestem cultivar KAW (27.7%). Approximately 0.26 kg ethanol with 9.4 g/L concentration can be produced from 1 kg of big bluestem biomass under current processing conditions. A negative relationship exists between lignin content and the efficiency of SSF with R = −0.80, and a positive relationship exists between ethanol yield and glucan content with R = 0.71.}, journal={ENERGY}, author={Zhang, Ke and Johnson, Loretta and Prasad, P. V. Vara and Pei, Zhijian and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wang, Donghai}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={358–365} }
 @article{yan_yang_yuan_2015, title={Electricity and H-2 generation from hemicellulose by sequential fermentation and microbial fuel/electrolysis cell}, volume={289}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.164}, abstractNote={Electricity and hydrogen generation by bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens in a dual-chamber microbial fuel/electrolysis cell following the fermentation of hemicellulose by bacteria Moorella thermoacetica was investigated. Experimental results showed that 10 g l−1 xylose under 60 °C was appropriate for the fermentation of xylose by M. thermoacetica, yielding 0.87 g-acetic acid per gram of xylose consumed. Corncob hydrolysate could also be fermented to produce acetic acid, but with lower yield (0.74 g-acid per g-xylose). The broths of xylose and corncob hydrolysate fermented by M. thermoacetica containing acetic acid were fed to G. sulfurreducens in a dual-chamber microbial fuel/electrolysis cell for electricity and hydrogen generation. The highest open-circuit cell voltages generated were 802 and 745 mV, and hydrogen yields were 41.7 and 23.3 mmol per mol-acetate, in xylose and corncob hydrolysate fermentation broth media, respectively. The internal resistance of the microbial fuel/electrolysis cell fed with corncob hydrolysate fermentation broth (3472 Ω) was much higher than that with xylose fermentation broth (1993 Ω) or sodium acetate medium (467 Ω), which was believed to be the main cause of the variation in hydrogen yield of the three feeding media.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Yan, Di and Yang, Xuewei and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={26–33} }
 @article{lu_yuan_zhou_chong_2015, title={Glucose Synthesis in a Protein-Based Artificial Photosynthesis System}, volume={177}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-015-1731-y}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to understand glucose synthesis of a protein-based artificial photosynthesis system affected by operating conditions, including the concentrations of reactants, reaction temperature, and illumination. Results from non-vesicle-based glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and glucose synthesis showed that the initial concentrations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lighting source, and temperature significantly affected glucose synthesis. Higher initial concentrations of RuBP and ATP significantly enhanced GAP synthesis, which was linearly correlated to glucose synthesis, confirming the proper functions of all catalyzing enzymes in the system. White fluorescent light inhibited artificial photosynthesis and reduced glucose synthesis by 79.2 % compared to in the dark. The reaction temperature of 40 °C was optimum, whereas lower or higher temperature reduced glucose synthesis. Glucose synthesis in the vesicle-based artificial photosynthesis system reconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin, F 0 F 1 ATP synthase, and polydimethylsiloxane-methyloxazoline-polydimethylsiloxane triblock copolymer was successfully demonstrated. This system efficiently utilized light-induced ATP to drive glucose synthesis, and 5.2 μg ml(-1) glucose was synthesized in 0.78-ml reaction buffer in 7 h. Light-dependent reactions were found to be the bottleneck of the studied artificial photosynthesis system.}, number={1}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Lu, Hao and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zhou, Jack and Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={105–117} }
 @article{wang_yuan_2015, title={Microalgal Cell Disruption via Ultrasonic Nozzle Spraying}, volume={175}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-014-1350-z}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, M. and Yuan, W.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={1111–1122} }
 @article{wang_yuan_2015, title={Microalgal cell disruption in a high-power ultrasonic flow system}, volume={193}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.040}, abstractNote={A 2-kW continuous ultrasonic flow system (UFS) was found effective in the disruption of two microalgal strains: Scenedesmus dimorphus and Nannochloropsis oculata. Compared to the control, cell debris concentration of UFS treatments increased up to 202% for S. dimorphus and 112% for N. oculata. Similarly, Nile red stained lipid fluorescence density (NRSLD) increased up to 59.5% and 56.3% for S. dimorphus and N. oculata, respectively. It was also found that increasing ultrasound intensity improved cell disruption efficiency indicated by up to 54% increase in NRSLFD of the two strains. Increasing sonication-processing time to 3-min resulted in 33.0% increase for S. dimorphus and 45.7% increase for N. oculata in NRSLFD compared to the control. Cell recirculation was found beneficial to cell disruption, however, higher initial cell concentration significantly reduced cell disruption efficiency, indicated by 98.2% decrease in NRSLFD per cell when initial cell concentration increased from 4.25 × 106 to 1.7 × 107 cells ml−1.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, Meng and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={171–177} }
 @article{qian_kumar_bellmer_yuan_wang_eastman_2015, title={Physical properties and reactivity of char obtained from downdraft gasification of sorghum and eastern red cedar}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1873-7153"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.054}, abstractNote={Downdraft gasification of forage sorghum and red cedar wood was studied with the aim of determining the characteristics of produced char for its further application, such as soil amendment, sorbent and solid fuel. Ultimate, proximate, XRD and NMR were used to investigate physical and chemical properties of char and thermo-analytic methods were used to determine kinetics of char gasification. The NMR results showed that red cedar and sorghum chars both contain aromatic carbon, but aliphatic carbon and o-alkyl carbon are more evident in the red cedar char than in the sorghum char. Char derived from downdraft gasification had higher heating values and lower ash contents than char derived from fluidized bed gasification, indicating char derived from downdraft gasification is more suitable for applications, such as soil amendment, than char from fluidized bed gasification. Micropores and mesopores were found in both red cedar and sorghum chars. The gasification reactivity of red cedar char was higher than that of sorghum char. Activation energies were found to be 163 and 167 kJ/mol based on shrinking core model and 147 and143 kJ/mol based on random pore model for sorghum char and red cedar char, respectively.}, journal={FUEL}, author={Qian, Kezhen and Kumar, Ajay and Bellmer, Danielle and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wang, Donghai and Eastman, Margaret A.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={383–389} }
 @article{james_yuan_boyette_wang_2015, title={The Effect of Air Flow Rate and Biomass Type on the Performance of an Updraft Biomass Gasifier}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.10.2.3615-3624}, abstractNote={Airflow and the type of biomass are the two most important factors influencing the performance of a biomass gasifier. In this research, the effects of air flow rate (air-fuel equivalence ratios of 0.21, 0.25, and 0.29) and biomass type (woody biomass, agricultural residue, and perennial grass) on the performance of an updraft biomass gasifier were evaluated based on its tar and producer gas generation. It was found that increasing airflow increased the formation of tar species for all biomass types studied, but no significant differences in producer gas composition were found when the air-fuel equivalence ratio was changed. Thus, air-fuel equivalence ratios ranging from 0.21 to 0.25 were deemed appropriate for minimal tar generation. The results also showed that different biomass types generated producer gas with significantly different tar contents: woodchips yielded the most tar, followed by sorghum stover and prairie hay. The higher heating value of producer gas from various biomass types was also significantly different. Wood chip-derived producer gas had the greatest higher heating value, followed by prairie hay and sorghum stover. The carbon monoxide content in the produce gas of the three biomass types also exhibited significant differences with varying biomass type, similar to the higher heating value, but there were no significant differences in the H2 content with varying biomass type or airflow.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={James, Arthur M. and Yuan, Wenqiao and Boyette, Michael D. and Wang, Donghai}, year={2015}, pages={3615–3624} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cheng_wang_2015, title={The effects of solid carrier material and surface roughness on microalgal cell attachment}, volume={58}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. and Cheng, J. and Wang, B.}, year={2015}, pages={161–168} }
 @article{wang_yuan_wang_kumar_2014, title={A char-supported nano-nio catalyst for biomass syngas cleanup and conditioning}, volume={57}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Wang, D. and Yuan, W. and Wang, D. and Kumar, A.}, year={2014}, pages={93–101} }
 @article{ren_liu_zhan_noh_kumbur_yuan_zhou_chong_2014, title={Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Archaeal Tetraether Free-Standing Planar Membranes in a PDMS- and PCB-Based Fluidic Platform}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/am502613x}, abstractNote={The polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains exclusively bipolar tetraether lipids, which are able to form extraordinarily stable vesicular membranes against a number of chemical, physical, and mechanical stressors. PLFE liposomes have thus been considered appealing biomaterials holding great promise for biotechnology applications such as drug delivery and biosensing. Here we demonstrated that PLFE can also form free-standing "planar" membranes on micropores (∼100 μm) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films embedded in printed circuit board (PCB)-based fluidics. To build this device, two novel approaches were employed: (i) an S1813 sacrificial layer was used to facilitate the fabrication of the PDMS thin film, and (ii) oxygen plasma treatment was utilized to conveniently bond the PDMS thin film to the PCB board and the PDMS fluidic chamber. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we found that the dielectric properties of PLFE planar membranes suspended on the PDMS films are distinctly different from those obtained from diester lipid and triblock copolymer membranes. In addition to resistance (R) and capacitance (C) that were commonly seen in all the membranes examined, PLFE planar membranes showed an inductance (L) component. Furthermore, PLFE planar membranes displayed a relatively large membrane resistance, suggesting that, among the membranes examined, PLFE planar membrane would be a better matrix for studying channel proteins and transmembrane events. PLFE planar membranes also exhibited a sharp decrease in phase angle with the frequency of the input AC signal at ∼1 MHz, which could be utilized to develop sensors for monitoring PLFE membrane integrity in fluidics. Since the stability of free-standing planar lipid membranes increases with increasing membrane packing tightness and PLFE lipid membranes are more tightly packed than those made of diester lipids, PLFE free-standing planar membranes are expected to be considerably stable. All these salient features make PLFE planar membranes particularly attractive for model studies of channel proteins and transmembrane events and for high-throughput drug screening and artificial photosynthesis. This work can be extended to nanopores of PDMS thin films in microfluidics and eventually aid in membrane-based new lab-on-a-chip applications.}, number={15}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Ren, Xiang and Liu, Kewei and Zhan, Qingwei and Noh, Hongseok and Kumbur, E. Caglan and Yuan, Wenqiao Wayne and Zhou, Jack G. and Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={12618–12628} }
 @article{wang_yuan_jiang_jing_wang_2014, title={Disruption of microalgal cells using high-frequency focused ultrasound}, volume={153}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.054}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-frequency focused ultrasound (HFFU) in microalgal cell disruption. Two microalgal species including Scenedesmus dimorphus and Nannochloropsis oculata were treated by a 3.2-MHz, 40-W focused ultrasound and a 100-W, low-frequency (20kHz) non-focused ultrasound (LFNFU). The results demonstrated that HFFU was effective in the disruption of microalgal cells, indicated by significantly increased lipid fluorescence density, the decrease of cell sizes, and the increase of chlorophyll a fluorescence density after treatments. Compared with LFNFU, HFFU treatment was more energy efficient. The combination of high and low frequency treatments was found to be even more effective than single frequency treatment at the same processing time, indicating that frequency played a critical role in cell disruption. In both HFFU and LFNFU treatments, the effectiveness of cell disruption was found to be dependent on the cell treated.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, Meng and Yuan, Wenqiao and Jiang, Xiaoning and Jing, Yun and Wang, Zhuochen}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={315–321} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cao_2014, title={Effect of surface texturing on microalgal cell attachment to solid carriers}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. Q. and Cao, J.}, year={2014}, pages={82–91} }
 @article{zhang_johnson_yuan_pei_chang_wang_2014, title={Glucan Yield from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Big Bluestem as Affected by Ecotype and Planting Location Along the Precipitation Gradient of the Great Plains}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1939-1242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x}, number={3}, journal={BIOENERGY RESEARCH}, author={Zhang, Ke and Johnson, Loretta and Yuan, Wenqiao and Pei, Zhijian and Chang, Shing I. and Wang, Donghai}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={799–810} }
 @article{james_yuan_boyette_wang_kumar_2014, title={In-chamber thermocatalytic tar cracking and syngas reforming using char-supported NiO catalyst in an updraft biomass gasifier}, volume={7}, number={6}, journal={International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering}, author={James, A. M. and Yuan, W. Q. and Boyette, M. D. and Wang, D. H. and Kumar, A.}, year={2014}, pages={91–97} }
 @article{zhang_johnson_nelson_yuan_pei_sun_wang_2014, title={Thermal properties of big bluestem as affected by ecotype and planting location along the precipitation gradient of the Great Plains}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1873-6785"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.071}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to study the effect of ecotype and planting location on thermal properties of big bluestem. Three big bluestem ecotypes (CKS, EKS, ILL) and a cultivar (KAW) were harvested in 2010 from four locations (Colby, Hays, and Manhattan, KS; and Carbondale, IL) and were evaluated for their specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, HHV (high heating value), and proximate contents. All populations revealed a large variation in specific heat (2.35–2.62 kJ/kg/K), thermal conductivity (77.85–99.06 × 10−3 W/m/K), thermogravimetric analysis as weight loss during the heating process (71–73%), and HHV (17.64–18.67 MJ/kg). Specific heat of the big bluestem was significantly affected by planting location, ecotype, and interaction between location and ecotype. Planting location had stronger influence on specific heat than ecotype. Specific heat increased as temperature increased, and a linear correlation model for specific heat prediction was developed as a function of temperature. Ecotype, planting location, and the interaction of ecotype and planting location did not have a significant effect on thermal conductivity; however, density and particle size showed a completely opposite relationship on thermal conductivity. Both planting location and ecotype significantly affected HHV. Among all environmental factors, potential evapotranspiration had the most significant effect on thermal properties.}, journal={ENERGY}, author={Zhang, Ke and Johnson, Loretta and Nelson, Richard and Yuan, Wenqiao and Pei, Zhijian and Sun, Xiuzhi S. and Wang, Donghai}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={164–171} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cheng_2014, title={Understanding pH and Ionic Strength Effects on Aluminum Sulfate-Induced Microalgae Flocculation}, volume={173}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-014-0957-4}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. and Cheng, J.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={1692–1702} }
 @article{qian_kumar_patil_bellmer_wang_yuan_huhnke_2013, title={Effects of Biomass Feedstocks and Gasification Conditions on the Physiochemical Properties of Char}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1996-1073"]}, DOI={10.3390/en6083972}, abstractNote={Char is a low-value byproduct of biomass gasification and pyrolysis with many potential applications, such as soil amendment and the synthesis of activated carbon and carbon-based catalysts. Considering these high-value applications, char could provide economic benefits to a biorefinery utilizing gasification or pyrolysis technologies. However, the properties of char depend heavily on biomass feedstock, gasifier design and operating conditions. This paper reports the effects of biomass type (switchgrass, sorghum straw and red cedar) and equivalence ratio (0.20, 0.25 and 0.28), i.e. , the ratio of air supply relative to the air that is required for stoichiometric combustion of biomass, on the physiochemical properties of char derived from gasification. Results show that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of most of the char were 1–10 m 2 /g and increased as the equivalence ratio increased. Char moisture and fixed carbon contents decreased while ash content increased as equivalence ratio increased. The corresponding Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed that the surface functional groups of char differed between biomass types but remained similar with change in equivalence ratio.}, number={8}, journal={ENERGIES}, author={Qian, Kezhen and Kumar, Ajay and Patil, Krushna and Bellmer, Danielle and Wang, Donghai and Yuan, Wenqiao and Huhnke, Raymond L.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={3972–3986} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cao_2013, title={Effects of surface texturing on micro algal cell attachment to solid carriers}, volume={6}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. Q. and Cao, J.}, year={2013}, pages={44–54} }
 @article{shen_cui_yuan_2013, title={Flocculation Optimization of Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata}, volume={169}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-013-0123-4}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Shen, Y. and Cui, Y. and Yuan, W.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={2049–2063} }
 @article{gan_yuan_2013, title={Operating condition optimization of corncob hydrothermal conversion for bio-oil production}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1872-9118"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.053}, abstractNote={The effect of reaction temperature, retention time, biomass content, and catalyst loading on bio-oil yield, carbon content, and carbon recovery of corncob hydrothermal conversion was investigated and optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). The four variables ranged from 280 to 340 °C for temperature, 12–48 min for retention time, 9–21% for biomass solid content, and 0.76–2.25% for catalyst loading. It was found from RSM modeling that higher bio-oil yield and higher carbon recovery could be achieved at relatively low temperatures and short retention times with high biomass solid contents and moderate alkaline catalyst loadings in the test ranges. A maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3% and maximum carbon recovery of 47.1% were obtained at 280 °C, 12 min, and 21% biomass solid content with 1.03–1.56% catalyst loading. Bio-oil carbon content was found affected only by the reaction temperature and biomass solid content in the RSM model. Higher temperature and lower biomass solid content were favored. The highest bio-oil carbon content of 74.8% was achieved at 340 °C with 9% biomass solid content. The predicted bio-oil yield, carbon content and carbon recovery were in close agreement with validation experiment results, indicating that the RSM models were accurate in designing and optimizing the hydrothermal conversion of corncobs.}, journal={APPLIED ENERGY}, author={Gan, Jing and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={350–357} }
 @article{cui_yuan_2013, title={Thermodynamic modeling of algal cell-solid substrate interactions}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1872-9118"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.036}, abstractNote={The process of microalgal cell attachment to solid-carrier surfaces was simulated through a thermodynamic model. The modeling results showed that, for most microbes, when the polar surface energy of the cell is smaller than that of water, cellular attachment would be more favorable on materials with higher dispersive surface energy but lower polar surface energy. If the polar surface energy of the cell is greater than that of water, more cell attachment would be expected on materials that are higher in both dispersive and polar surface energies. Modeling results qualitatively matched experimental data in the attachment of a freshwater alga, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and a marine alga, Nannochloropsis oculata, on five materials (nylon, stainless steel, polycarbonate, polypropylene, and glass). The model was also validated by published literature data on a wider variety of microbes and materials, indicating that the model developed can be applicable in designing, selecting, and matching algal strains and solid carrier materials to enhance cell attachment.}, journal={APPLIED ENERGY}, author={Cui, Yan and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={485–492} }
 @article{zhang_johnson_nelson_yuan_pei_wang_2012, title={Chemical and elemental composition of big bluestem as affected by ecotype and planting location along the precipitation gradient of the Great Plains}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1872-633X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.016}, abstractNote={Three big bluestem ecotypes from central Kansas (Cedar Bluffs and Webster populations), eastern Kansas (Konza and Top of the World populations), and Illinois (12Mile and Fults populations), as well as the Kaw cultivar, were harvested from four reciprocal garden planting locations (Colby, Hays, and Manhattan, KS; and Carbondale, IL) and evaluated for their chemical (glucan, xylan, arabinan, lignin and ash) and elemental (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur) compositions. The objective of this research was to study the effects of ecotype and planting location on the chemical and elemental compositions of big bluestem along the Great Plains precipitation gradient (∼1200 to 400 mm mean annual precipitation). All the populations revealed a large variation in cellulose (31.8–36.5%), hemicellulose (24.96–29.74%), lignin (14.4–18.0%), carbon (47.3–51.3%), and nitrogen (4.91–6.44%). Planting location had significant effects on both chemical and elemental compositions of big bluestem. Ecotype had significant effects on glucan, xylan, lignin, and ash contents as well as on carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen elemental fractions. In addition, the interaction between ecotype and planting location had significant effects on glucan, lignin, and hydrogen. Planting location had a greater effect on chemical and elemental compositions than the ecotype and interaction between location and ecotype. The total sugar content of the big bluestem (regardless of ecotype) increased as the Great Plains precipitation gradient increased from west to east. Annual precipitation, growing degree days and potential evapotranspiration in 2010 explained up to 97%, 88% and 80% of the variation in compositions, respectively.}, journal={INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, author={Zhang, Ke and Johnson, Loretta and Nelson, Richard and Yuan, Wenqiao and Pei, Zhijian and Wang, Donghai}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={210–218} }
 @article{chaichalerm_pokethitiyook_yuan_meetam_sritong_pugkaew_kungvansaichol_kruatrachue_damrongphol_2012, title={Culture of microalgal strains isolated from natural habitats in Thailand in various enriched media}, volume={89}, ISSN={0306-2619}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.028}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.028}, abstractNote={Six freshwater microalgal strains in the class of Chlorophyceae, including Chlorococcum humicola, Didymocystis bicellularis, Monoraphidium contortum, Oocystis parva, Sphaerocystis sp., and Scenedesmus acutus were isolated from natural habitats in Thailand. The six strains were compared for their biomass yield, lipid content, and lipid productivity in four enriched culture media in batch mode. Significant differences were found across algal strains and culture media. The best strain was found to be C. humicola, which had the highest biomass yield of 0.113 g/l/d (in Kuhl medium), the highest lipid content of 45.94% (in BG-11 medium), and the highest lipid yield of 0.033 g/l/d (in 3NBBM medium). The 3NBBM medium, which has the lowest nitrogen concentration among the four culture media, was considered the optimal culture medium for C. humicola for lipid production. The fatty acid profile of C. humicola was also found to be affected by the culture medium. More oleic acid (C18:1) but less linolenic acid (C18:3) was accumulated in BG-11 and 3NBBM than in Kuhl and N-8 media. Lipid profiles of C. humicola were comparable to palm oil in the percentage of palmitic acid and the total amount of saturated fatty acids; however, C. humicola made more poly-unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids than oil palms. Lipids from C. humicola were believed to be acceptable for biodiesel production.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chaichalerm, Sudarat and Pokethitiyook, Prayad and Yuan, Wenqiao and Meetam, Metha and Sritong, Kamolwan and Pugkaew, Wanvisa and Kungvansaichol, Kunn and Kruatrachue, Maleeya and Damrongphol, Praneet}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={296–302} }
 @article{gan_yuan_johnson_wang_nelson_zhang_2012, title={Hydrothermal conversion of big bluestem for bio-oil production: The effect of ecotype and planting location}, volume={116}, ISSN={0960-8524}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.120}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.120}, abstractNote={Three ecotypes (CKS, EKS, IL) and one cultivar (KAW) of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) that were planted in three locations (Hays, KS; Manhattan, KS; and Carbondale, IL) were converted to bio-oil via hydrothermal conversion. Significant differences were found in the yield and elemental composition of bio-oils produced from big bluestem of different ecotypes and/or planting locations. Generally, the IL ecotype and the Carbondale, IL and Manhattan, KS planting locations gave higher bio-oil yield, which can be attributed to the higher total cellulose and hemicellulose content and/or the higher carbon but lower oxygen contents in these feedstocks. Bio-oil from the IL ecotype also had the highest carbon and lowest oxygen contents, which were not affected by the planting location. Bio-oils from big bluestem had yield, elemental composition, and chemical compounds similar to bio-oils from switchgrass and corncobs, although mass percentages of some of the compounds were slightly different.}, journal={Bioresource Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gan, Jing and Yuan, Wenqiao and Johnson, Loretta and Wang, Donghai and Nelson, Richard and Zhang, Ke}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={413–420} }
 @article{zhang_yuan_zhang_coronado_2012, title={Predicting the dynamic and kinematic viscosities of biodiesel-diesel blends using mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0306-2619"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.03.013}, abstractNote={This work reports the use of mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy (MIR and NIR) to predict the kinematic and dynamic viscosities of biodiesel–diesel blends. A partial least square regression (PLSR) modeling method was employed to develop the calibration models based on information from four commonly used biodiesel and three different commercial diesel fuels. For MIR spectroscopy, wavelengths in the fingerprint region of 550–1500 cm−1 were chosen for developing the model. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity were 0.114 and 0.119 mm2/s, respectively, based on the validation set that consisted of 26 biodiesel–diesel blend samples made of six different biodiesel and three different diesel fuels. For the NIR spectroscopy, the PLSR model established using the spectral regions of 1100–1500 nm, 1600–1700 nm, and 1800–2200 nm obtained better results. The RMSEP were 0.070 mm2/s for kinematic viscosity and 0.062 mm2/s for dynamic viscosity prediction. The results indicated that both MIR and NIR can be used to accurately predict the viscosities of biodiesel–diesel blends, but better results can be obtained using NIR spectroscopy.}, journal={APPLIED ENERGY}, author={Zhang, Weibo and Yuan, Wenqiao and Zhang, Xuemin and Coronado, Marcelo}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={122–127} }
 @article{wang_yuan_ji_2011, title={Char and char-supported nickel catalysts for secondary syngas cleanup and conditioning}, volume={88}, ISSN={0306-2619}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.041}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.041}, abstractNote={Tars in biomass gasification systems need to be removed to avoid damaging and clogging downstream pipes or equipment. In this study, Ni-based catalysts were made by mechanically mixing NiO and char particles at various ratios. Catalytic performance of the Ni/char catalysts was studied and compared with performance of wood char and coal char without Ni for syngas cleanup in a laboratory-scale updraft biomass gasifier. Reforming parameters investigated were reaction temperature (650–850 °C), NiO loading (5–20% of the weight of char support), and gas residence time (0.1–1.2 s). The Ni/coalchar and Ni/woodchar catalysts removed more than 97% of tars in syngas at 800 °C reforming temperature, 15% NiO loading, and 0.3 s gas residence time. Analysis of syngas composition indicated that concentrations of H2 and CO in syngas significantly. Furthermore, performance of the Ni/coalchar catalyst was continuously tested for 8 h. There was slight deactivation of the catalyst in the early stage of tar/syngas reforming; however, the catalyst was able to stabilize soon after. It was concluded that chars especially coal char can be an effective and inexpensive support of NiO for biomass gasification tar removal and syngas conditioning.}, number={5}, journal={Applied Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, Duo and Yuan, Wenqiao and Ji, Wei}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={1656–1663} }
 @article{shen_yuan_pei_mao_2009, title={Heterotrophic Culture of Chlorella protothecoides in Various Nitrogen Sources for Lipid Production}, volume={160}, ISSN={0273-2289 1559-0291}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12010-009-8659-Z}, DOI={10.1007/S12010-009-8659-Z}, number={6}, journal={Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Shen, Y. and Yuan, W. and Pei, Z. and Mao, E.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={1674–1684} }
 @article{ding_zhang_liu_yuan_liang_zhao_zhang_2009, title={Microbiological and biochemical changes during processing of the traditional chinese food douzhi}, volume={20}, ISSN={0956-7135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.02.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.02.005}, abstractNote={The microbiological and biochemical changes during douzhi processing were studied. The sedimentation process was shown to follow a lactic fermentation course. The main fermenting bacteria were identified to be Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc citreum; the former played the main role in producing acids, and the latter ensured a better flavor of douzhi. Yeasts thrived during the late part of fermentation were believe to account for the decrease in acidity. Tracing the change of chemical compounds suggested that active metabolic activity was induced when beans were steeped in water, in which significant reduction in crude protein and sugars were observed, but levels of soluble proteins, free amino acids increased. Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria caused a rapid reduction of soluble proteins, soluble sugars and reducing sugars, but significant accumulation of free amino acids and slight changes in crude protein. Mung bean endogenous protease and amylase activity dropped significantly during fermentation.}, number={12}, journal={Food Control}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ding, Yu-Zhen and Zhang, Shao-Ying and Liu, Peng and Yuan, Wenqiao and Liang, Jin-Yi and Zhao, Zhe and Zhang, Yu-Dong}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={1086–1091} }
 @article{yuan_hansen_zhang_2009, title={Predicting the temperature dependent viscosity of biodiesel fuels}, volume={88}, ISSN={0016-2361}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.11.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2008.11.011}, abstractNote={The purpose of this work was to develop a method for predicting temperature dependent viscosities of biodiesel based on fatty acid ester composition. The Grunberg–Nissan equation combined with a group contribution method was used as the mixing rule to calculate viscosities of mixtures of fatty acid esters. Prediction errors at 25 °C were less than 2.5% for 22 mixtures of fatty acid ethyl esters. Compared with experimentally measured viscosities at 20–100 °C, predicted viscosities of soybean oil and yellow grease methyl esters were within 3%. For coconut, palm and canola oil methyl esters, maximum errors were underestimations at approximately 7%.}, number={6}, journal={Fuel}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yuan, W. and Hansen, A.C. and Zhang, Q.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={1120–1126} }
 @article{gao_xiong_zhang_yuan_wu_2008, title={Rapid quantitation of lipid in microalgae by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance}, volume={75}, ISSN={0167-7012}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.019}, DOI={10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.019}, abstractNote={A specific strain of Chlorella protothecoides has been studied in heterotrophic fermentation for increasing cell growth rate and lipid content for biodiesel production. For optimizing the process of fermentation to reduce costs of alga-based biodiesel production, rapid determination of lipid content in microalgal cells is critical. Nile Red (NR) staining and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) have been investigated to quantitate the lipid content in C. protothecoides. Both methods were found feasible and simpler than gravimetric methods that are commonly employed. The TD-NMR method showed better agreement (R2 = 0.9973) with the measured values from lipid extraction experiments than the NR staining method (R2 = 0.9067). Additionally, the smaller standard deviations of the samples (≤ 0.36) analyzed by TD-NMR revealed that the method is accurate and reproducible. The application of TD-NMR for lipid quantitation in C. protothecoides opens up the possibility of determining lipid content in algal fermentation precisely and quickly.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Microbiological Methods}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gao, Chunfang and Xiong, Wei and Zhang, Yiliang and Yuan, Wenqiao and Wu, Qingyu}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={437–440} }
 @article{yuan_hansen_zhang_tan_2005, title={Temperature-dependent kinematic viscosity of selected biodiesel fuels and blends with diesel fuel}, volume={82}, ISSN={0003-021X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-005-5172-6}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-005-5172-6}, abstractNote={Abstract The kinematic viscosities of four biodiesel fuels—two natural soybean oil methyl esters, one genetically modified soybean oil methyl ester, and one yellow grease methyl ester—and their 75, 50, and 25% blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were measured in the temperature range from 20 to 100°C in steps of 20°C. The measurements indicated that all these fuels had viscosity‐temperature relationships similar to No. 2 diesel fuel, which followed the Vogel equation as expected. A weighted semilog blending equation was developed in which the mass‐based kinematic viscosity of the individual components was used to compute the mixture viscosity. A weight factor of 1.08 was applied to biodiesel fuel to account for its effect on the mixture viscosity. The average absolute deviation achieved with this method was 2.1%, which was better than the uncorrected mass average blending equation that had an average absolute deviation of 4.5%. The relationship between the viscosity and the specific gravity of biodiesel fuels was studied. A method that could estimate the viscosity from the specific gravity of biodiesel fuel was developed. The average absolute deviation for all the samples using this method was 2.7%. The accuracy of this method was comparable to the weighted mass‐based semilog blending equation.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Yuan, Wenqiao and Hansen, Alan C. and Zhang, Qin and Tan, Zhongchao}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={195–199} }
 @article{yuan_hansen_zhang_2005, title={Vapor pressure and normal boiling point predictions for pure methyl esters and biodiesel fuels}, volume={84}, ISSN={0016-2361}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.01.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2005.01.007}, abstractNote={Temperature dependent vapor pressures of the methyl esters of fourteen fatty acids that are commonly present in biodiesel fuels were predicted by the Antoine equation and a group contribution method. The predicted boiling points of these esters up to a pressure of 100 mmHg were within ±1.0% of reported data for these two methods. Normal boiling points were determined from both the predicted vapor pressure and a correlation equation and the prediction errors were less than 5 K comparing to available published data. The vapor pressure and normal boiling points of 19 real-world biodiesel fuels were predicted and compared with reported data where available. The prediction errors of normal boiling points were less than 1.0%, and the predicted vapor pressures were also observed to closely match the reported data among the methyl esters of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and tallow. The predicted results showed that, except for coconut and butterfat, most of the methyl esters of the vegetable oils and animal fats had a normal boiling point in the range of 620–630 K. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the variation of fatty acid composition and the uncertainty of the normal boiling point of C18:2 were the main factors that affected the predicted normal boiling points of the biodiesel fuels.}, number={7-8}, journal={Fuel}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yuan, W and Hansen, A and Zhang, Q}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={943–950} }