@article{liu_luo_wang_yuan_2019, title={Optimization of antioxidant extraction from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum using response surface methodology}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1744-3571"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.003}, abstractNote={Brown algae are valuable sources of health-benefiting compounds, such as polyphenols, proteins, and polysaccharides. In the present study, a binary solvent system of ethanol and water was used to obtain crude extracts from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. The extraction process was optimized using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology to obtain crude extracts with strong antioxidant activity and high yield. Three variables including solvent-to-solid ratio (30–70 ml/g), ethanol concentration in the solvent system (40–80%), and extraction temperature (20–60 °C) were investigated to optimize the extraction process. The condition for maximum antioxidant activity of the crude extract was found at 70 ml/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, and 20 °C extraction temperature, while the condition for the highest crude extract yield was 40 ml/g solvent–solid-ratio, 44.83% ethanol concentration and 60 °C extraction temperature. Under the model-predicted optimal conditions, the predicted antioxidant activity and yield of the crude extract were 74.01 ml/g (1/IC50) and 55.60 mg extract/g-algae, which were in close agreement with the experimental results of 74.05 ml/g and 53.80 mg extract/g-algae, respectively, suggesting that the models could accurately predict and improve the extraction of antioxidants from A. nodosum.}, journal={FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING}, author={Liu, Xin and Luo, Guanghong and Wang, Lijuan and Yuan, Wenqiao}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={205–215} }
 @article{liu_yuan_sharma-shivappa_zanten_2017, title={Antioxidant activity of phlorotannins from brown algae}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1934-6352"]}, DOI={10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2854}, abstractNote={The antioxidant activity of the phlorotannins extracted from five marine algae species (Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum) was studied. Three phlorotannin groups, including soluble, membrane-bound, and extracted membrane-bound phlorotannins obtained by two solvent extraction methods were investigated for their DPPH radical scavenging activity. F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum showed the highest phlorotannin yield (14.83 mg-extract/g-algae and 12.80 mg-extract/g-algae, respectively) among the five algae species. Their soluble phlorophannin (SP), membrane-bound phlorotannin (MP) and extracted membrane-bound phlorotannin (eMP) extracts all showed equal or greater DPPH radical scavenging activity than the commercial antioxidants of butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant potential that combines phlorotannin yield and antioxidant activity of the MP extracts of F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum (5890 mL/g and 5278 mL/g algae, respectively) were higher than those of SP and eMP, suggesting that the MPs of F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum had great potential to be used as antioxidants. Different extraction methods also showed significantly different effects on the antioxidant activity of the phlorotannin extracts. Keywords: brown algae, phlorotannin, antioxidant activity, antioxidant, bioseparation, polyphenol, solvent extraction methods DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2854 Citation: Liu X, Yuan W Q, Sharma-Shivappa R, van Zanten J. Antioxidant activity of phlorotannins from brown algae. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 184–191.}, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING}, author={Liu, Xin and Yuan, Wenqiao and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Zanten, John}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={184–191} }
 @article{liu_yuan_meng_2017, title={Extraction and quantification of phlorotannins from edible brown algae}, volume={60}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Liu, X. and Yuan, W. and Meng, X.}, year={2017}, pages={265–271} }
 @article{gao_yan_liu_wang_yu_2016, title={Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Antioxidant Exopolysaccharides from Xerocomus badius Grown in Shrimp Byproduct}, volume={2016}, ISSN={["2314-6141"]}, DOI={10.1155/2016/2043787}, abstractNote={To optimize the production conditions for exopolysaccharides with higher antioxidant activities fromXerocomus badiuscultured in shrimp byproduct medium, Plackett-Burman design, path of steepest ascent, and response surface methodology were explored. Based on the results of Plackett-Burman design and path of steepest ascent, a Box-Behnken design was applied to optimization and the regression models. The optimal cultural condition for high yield and antioxidant activity of the exopolysaccharides was determined to be 10.347% of solid-to-liquid ratio, a 4.322% content of bran powder, and a 1.217% concentration of glacial acetic acid. Culturing with the optimal cultural conditions resulted in an exopolysaccharides yield of4.588±0.346 g/L and a total antioxidant activity of2.956±0.105 U/mg. These values are consistent with the values predicted by the corresponding regression models (RSD < 5%).}, journal={BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL}, author={Gao, Xiujun and Yan, Peisheng and Liu, Xin and Wang, Jianbing and Yu, Jiajia}, year={2016} }