@article{orenstein_li_dirican_cheng_chang_yanilmaz_yan_zhang_2024, title={A Comparatively Low Cost, Easy-To-Fabricate, and Environmentally Friendly PVDF/Garnet Composite Solid Electrolyte for Use in Lithium Metal Cells Paired with Lithium Iron Phosphate and Silicon}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c04145}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.4c04145}, abstractNote={Solid electrolytes may be the answer to overcome many obstacles in developing the next generation of renewable batteries. A novel composite solid electrolyte (CSE) composed of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) base with an active nanofiber filler of aluminum-doped garnet Li ceramic, Li salt lithium}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Orenstein, Raphael and Li, Zezhao and Dirican, Mahmut and Cheng, Hui and Chang, Liang and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{liu_yuan_chen_yuan_yanilmaz_he_liu_zhang_2024, title={Advancements in flame-retardant strategies for lithium-sulfur batteries: from mechanisms to materials}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, DOI={10.1039/d4ta01780c}, abstractNote={Due to their extraordinary theoretical energy density, high specific capacity, and environment-friendly nature, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been considered the most promising candidates for energy storage.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, author={Liu, Jian and Yuan, Hairui and Chen, Lei and Yuan, Yehui and Yanilmaz, Meltem and He, Jin and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{cheng_yan_chang_dirican_orenstein_zhang_2024, title={Garnet-Type Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Room-Temperature All-Solid-State Li-S Battery}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2574-0962"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02920}, DOI={10.1021/acsaem.3c02920}, abstractNote={Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold significant promise as rechargeable energy storage systems due to their exceptionally high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, the widespread adoption of Li–S batteries has been impeded by challenges such as the diffusion of long-chain polysulfides and the formation of lithium dendrites when organic liquid electrolytes. To address these problems, a composite polymer electrolyte reinforced with Li6.28La3Al0.24Zr2O12 nanofiber (LLAZO NF) was developed. This electrolyte, featuring a garnet nanofiber filler within a PEO-based polymer system, exhibited superior ionic conductivity. The well-interconnected organic–inorganic network facilitated rapid and uninterrupted pathways for lithium-ion conduction, achieving a high Li-ion transference number. The incorporation of LLAZO NFs not only enhanced the electrochemical stability and mechanical properties of the composite polymer electrolyte, effectively mitigating lithium dendrite formation, but also contributed to the suppression of polysulfide diffusion during cycling. As a result, the all-solid-state Li–S battery utilizing this garnet-type composite polymer electrolyte demonstrated robust cycling stability and excellent rate performance at room temperature.}, journal={ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Cheng, Hui and Yan, Chaoyi and Chang, Liang and Dirican, Mahmut and Orenstein, Raphael and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{ma_song_li_wu_wang_wang_zhang_song_shi_2024, title={High-areal-capacitance electrode constructed by lignin-based microporous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors}, volume={88}, ISSN={["2352-1538"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.est.2024.111465}, abstractNote={Self-supporting three-dimensional fiber network derived from electrospinning technology is an ideal structure for constructing high-loading thick electrodes. In this work, microporous carbon nanofiber membranes (MCNMs) are prepared by electrospinning using lignin as precursor and TEOS as additive. The introduction of TEOS plays a crucial role in producing abundant micropores and improving the thermal stability of fibers. With the aid of TEOS, the obtained lignin-based MCNMs present a high specific surface area of 1197 m2 g−1, microporosity of 84.1 % and notably-enhanced diameter retention rate. With excellent flexibility and satisfactory strength, the lignin-based MCNMs exhibit an impressive specific capacitance of 282 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 when used as a self-supporting electrode for supercapacitors. By layer-by-layer stacking of the lignin-based MCNMs, thick electrode is constructed and presents an areal capacitance of 5.72 F cm−2 at mass-loading of 25.4 mg cm−2. Further, the supercapacitor assembled by thick electrodes exhibits an areal power density of 0.54 mW cm−2 and energy density of 0.08 mWh cm−2 at low rate, and 54 mW cm−2 and 0.03 mWh cm−2 at high rate. With merits of renewable raw materials, unsophisticated process, and prominent performance, the lignin-based MCNMs provide a promising alternative electrode material for supercapacitors.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE}, author={Ma, Chang and Song, Ge and Li, Zhengyi and Wu, Haotian and Wang, Chunju and Wang, Yue and Zhang, Xiangwu and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{cheng_yan_orenstein_chang_zhang_2024, title={Li<sub>6.28</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>0.24</sub>O<sub>12</sub>-reinforced Single-ion Conducting Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Room-Temperature Li-Metal Batteries}, volume={171}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad377d}, DOI={10.1149/1945-7111/ad377d}, abstractNote={Composite polymer electrolytes composed of inorganic fillers and organic polymers are promising electrolyte candidates for Li metal batteries, with benefits of improved safety and suppressed lithium dendrite growth. However, a severe concentration polarization effect often occurs when using conventional dual-ion electrolytes, and the increase in internal impedance during cycling results in decreased lifespan of the battery. To address this challenge, a plasticized single-ion conducting composite polymer electrolyte (SICE) was designed and fabricated by polymerizing the monomers of lithium (4-styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiSTFSI) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA), crosslinker poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), silane-modified Li6.28La3Al0.24Zr2O12 nanofibers (s@LLAZO NFs), along with a PEG-based plasticizer tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), by heat-initiation. The anions were restrained and delocalized so that only Li cation migration occurred during the charging/discharging process, leading to a superior lithium-ion transference number. The s@LLAZO NFs enabled direct monomer grafting with the polymer matrix, resulting in controlled formation of an organic-inorganic network with increased filler content and improved filler distribution in the SICE system. The SICE membrane exhibited high ionic conductivity at room temperature, reduced activation energy and excellent oxidation stability. Most importantly, the all-solid-state Li-metal batteries assembled with the fabricated SICE demonstrated stable long-term cycling performance and remarkable rate capability at room temperature.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Cheng, Hui and Yan, Chaoyi and Orenstein, Raphael and Chang, Liang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{wang_zhu_zhang_2024, title={Lifetime prediction and maintenance assessment of Lithium-ion batteries based on combined information of discharge voltage curves and capacity fade}, volume={81}, ISSN={["2352-1538"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.est.2023.110376}, abstractNote={Current two-stage Lithium-ion battery degradation models commonly treat the change point (CP) in two ways. First, it is a random variable, which increases model complexity and the computational cost for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL). Second, it is a deterministic value, which will simplify the degradation models. The value of CP needs to be well identified for an accurate description of the degradation process. However, the capacity data is generally non-monotonic due to energy regeneration, which makes it hard to use in determining the CP. In addition, our laboratory data on the discharge voltage profile shows a potential for CP detection. Thus, we developed a hybrid method that combines dynamic time warping and nonnegative matrix factorization to detect the CPs of battery cells by using voltage discharge profiles. Then, we proposed a two-stage Wiener process incorporating CP detection method to describe the battery capacity degradation pattern. The proposed model is applied to our lab data and NASA data to predict RUL. Finally, maintenance strategies are analyzed to enhance the management of Lithium-ion batteries by minimizing the long-term cost rate under different replacement policies.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE}, author={Wang, Rui and Zhu, Mengmeng and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhu_yan_li_cheng_li_liu_mao_cho_gao_gao_et al._2024, title={Recent developments of electrospun nanofibers for electrochemical energy storage and conversion}, volume={65}, ISSN={["2405-8289"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103111}, abstractNote={Electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems have received remarkable attention during the past decades because of the high demand of the world energy consumption. Various materials along with the structure designs have been utilized to enhance the overall performance. Among them, nanofibers have been widely explored due to their unique properties (i.e., high surface area, multi-functionality, high porosity, outstanding flexibility, etc.) during the past few decades. Meanwhile, electrospinning, considered a simple and low-cost approach, has attracted tremendous attention because those nanofibrous materials with functional properties prepared by this unique technique can address numerous issues, especially in energy fields. This paper aims to comprehensively review the latest advances in developing advanced electrospun nanofibers for electrochemical devices. It starts with a brief introduction to the advantages of the electrospinning technique. It highlights ongoing research activities, followed by the history of electrospinning, the principle of electrospinning, and the uniqueness of electrospun nanofibers. Afterward, state-of-the-art developments for their applications in electrochemical devices, including but not limited to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, hydrogen storage, etc., are discussed in detail. A future vision regarding challenges and solutions is proposed at the end. This review aims to provide an extensive and comprehensive reference to apply functional electrospun nanofibers in energy areas.}, journal={ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Yan, Chaoyi and Li, Guoqing and Cheng, Hui and Li, Ya and Liu, Tianyi and Mao, Qian and Cho, Hyunjin and Gao, Qiang and Gao, Chunxia and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{zhang_chen_orenstein_lu_wang_yanilmaz_peng_dong_liu_zhang_2024, title={Zincophilic and hydrophobic groups of surfactant-type electrolyte additive enabled stable anode/electrolyte interface toward long-lifespan aqueous zinc ion batteries}, volume={70}, ISSN={["2405-8289"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103500}, abstractNote={Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries, while promising in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, face challenges such as zinc dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface. Herein, a low-cost cationic surfactant, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) is deployed as a competitive additive in traditional ZnSO4 electrolyte to stabilize the zinc anode. Firstly, the DTAC additive disrupts the hydrogen bonding network and regulates the solvation structure. Secondly, the DTA+ cations preferentially adsorb onto the anode surface vertically, forming a dodecyl chain hydrophobic layer that suppresses the side reactions. Thirdly, the hydrophobic layer not only elevates the nucleation overpotential of Zn2+ ions but also limits their 2D diffusion at the anode surface, triggering oriented deposition of metal zinc and inhibiting dendrite growth. Leveraging these triple-regulation effects, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell with DTAC additives achieves an ultra-long cycle life of 2000 hours at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn//MnO2 full cell with DTAC additive demonstrates promising performance, delivering an initial capacity of 149.44 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and retaining 83.02% of its capacity after 2000 cycles. These results underscore the potential of DTAC additives in advancing the industrialization of AZIBs.}, journal={ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS}, author={Zhang, Xiaoliang and Chen, Lei and Orenstein, Raphael and Lu, Xiaojie and Wang, Chunxia and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Peng, Mao and Dong, Yongchun and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{chen_hu_yang_yanilmaz_han_liu_zhang_2023, title={A braided flexible Zn-MnO2 yarn battery based on cobweb-like carbonized polypyrrole modified carbon fiber electrodes}, volume={215}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118461}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118461}, abstractNote={Flexible zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for energy storage devices because of high safety and low cost. Carbon fibers (CFs) are ideal current collectors for ZIBs due to their good flexibility, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Herein, a novel CFs-based current collector is proposed. At first, the inertness and non-polarity of CFs were significantly modified by activating and etching to obtain a multi-layered porous structure. Thereafter, carbonized polypyrrole (CPPy) nanowire conductive networks were built up on etched carbon fibers (ECFs) by electrochemical in situ growth and carbonization. Based on the CPPy network, MnO2 nanoflowers were grown firmly by the hydrothermal method to construct multi-layer MnO2@CPPy@ECFs composite electrode. The multi-layered 3D CPPy conductive network is rooted in MnO2, providing a dedicated transmission path for both electrons and ions during electrochemical redox reactions. The MnO2@CPPy@ECFs electrode had an initial capacity of 346.1 mA h·g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 252.8 mA h·g−1 after 800 cycles. In addition, the integrated flexible Zn–MnO2 2D fabric battery with MnO2@CPPy@ECFs fabric cathode shows a specific capacity of 254.7 mA h·g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Finally, a flexible Zn–MnO2 yarn battery with high flexibility, shape adaptability, structural integrity and good mechanical stability was fabricated by the 2D braid method. The initial specific capacity of the flexible Zn–MnO2 yarn battery is 111.7 mA h·g−1 at 0.1C, which also presents a remarkable volumetric energy density of 30.5 mW h cm−3. This work opens up a new pathway for the rational design of flexible electrodes for wearable ZIBs.}, journal={CARBON}, author={Chen, Lei and Hu, Kairui and Yang, Ke and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Han, Xu and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{chen_yuan_orenstein_yanilmaz_he_liu_liu_zhang_2023, title={Carbon materials dedicate to bendable supports for flexible lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={60}, ISSN={["2405-8289"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2023.102817}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2023.102817}, abstractNote={As a new energy storage device, lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) has a sulfur cathode with a much higher theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) compared with current lithium-ion batteries, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of energy storage devices. In recent years, the emergence of wearable electronic devices and smart textiles has placed a new demand on energy storage batteries - flexibility. Carbon materials, namely carbon fibers and several carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, porous carbon skeletons, and their derivatives) possess remarkable structural and functional adjustability, and are thus well suited for building components of flexible LSBs. These components include current collectors, interlayers, solid electrolytes and anodes. This paper systematically reviews research progress in carbon materials used in different components of flexible LSBs, including the sulfur cathode, interlayer, lithium anode, and dual-functional host carbon materials that can be used as both cathode and anode. Additionally, the relationship between the processing and modification methods and the carbon materials’ structure, flexibility, and electrochemical properties is described. Finally, the problems of flexible LSBs based on carbon materials are analyzed, and the future development trend is delineated, in a part, respectively.}, journal={ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS}, author={Chen, Lei and Yuan, Yehui and Orenstein, Raphael and Yanilmaz, Meltem and He, Jin and Liu, Jian and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{gan_wang_zhang_song_shi_ma_2023, title={Edge atomic Fe sites decorated porous graphitic carbon as an efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst for Zinc-air batteries}, volume={83}, ISSN={["2095-4956"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.03.056}, DOI={10.1016/j.jechem.2023.03.056}, abstractNote={The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) is critical to the practical application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a silica-assisted method is reported to integrate numerous accessible edge Fe-Nx sites into porous graphitic carbon (named Fe-N-G) for achieving highly active and robust oxygen electrocatalysis. Silica facilitates the formation of edge Fe-Nx sites and dense graphitic domains in carbon by inhibiting iron aggregation. The purification process creates a well-developed mass transfer channel for Fe-N-G. Consequently, Fe-N-G delivers a half-wave potential of 0.859 V in ORR and an overpotential of 344 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in OER. During long-term operation, the graphitic layers protect edge Fe-Nx sites from demetallation in ORR and synergize with FeOOH species endowing Fe-N-G with enhanced OER activity. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the edge Fe-Nx site is superior to the in-plane Fe-Nx site in terms of OH* dissociation in ORR and OOH* formation in OER. The constructed ZAB based on Fe-N-G cathode shows a higher peak power density of 133 mW cm−2 and more stable cycling performance than Pt/C + RuO2 counterparts. This work provides a novel strategy to obtain high-efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts through space mediation.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY}, author={Gan, Ruihui and Wang, Yali and Zhang, Xiangwu and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli and Ma, Chang}, year={2023}, month={Aug}, pages={602–611} }
 @article{jin_ai_song_zhang_shi_ma_2023, title={Enhanced lithium storage performance of Si/C composite nanofiber membrane with carbon coating as binder-free and self-supporting anode for lithium-ion battery}, volume={167}, ISSN={["1873-4227"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2023.112429}, DOI={10.1016/j.materresbull.2023.112429}, abstractNote={Self-supporting Si/C composite membrane is an ideal anode for flexible lithium-ion battery. However, how to achieve a long lifespan for Si/C anode remains a challenge because of the large volume expansion and low conductivity of Si. In this work, hierarchical porous Si/C composite nanofibers with carbon coating and hollow Si/SiOx embedded (C-Si-CNF) were fabricated by hydrothermal deposition of polydopamine on electrospun Si/C nanofibers, followed by pyrolysis. A hydrothermal deposition/pyrolysis process achieved both carbon coating and conversing of the solid Si into hollow Si/SiOx, which improved the conductivity and alleviated the volume expansion of Si. The C-Si-CNF electrode exhibited a high capacity (694.7 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1), good rate performance (capacity retention of 36.9% with the current density increased from 0.1 to 5 A·g−1), and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 92.6% after 300 cycles). Overall, the C-Si-CNF membrane shows great potential as a binder-free and self-supporting anode for lithium-ion battery.}, journal={MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN}, author={Jin, Yanmei and Ai, Zhiquan and Song, Yan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Shi, Jingli and Ma, Chang}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{han_chen_yanilmaz_lu_yang_hu_liu_zhang_2023, title={From nature, requite to nature: Bio-based cellulose and its derivatives for construction of green zinc batteries}, volume={454}, ISSN={["1873-3212"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140311}, DOI={10.1016/j.cej.2022.140311}, abstractNote={With the increasing demand for energy storage and the quest to overcome the shortcomings of lithium-ion batteries, various zinc-based batteries are developing rapidly for their high safety, low cost and reliable ecological compatibility. Cellulosic materials made from abundant natural resources are becoming a widespread concern of scientists due to the rich, versatile, sustainable and inexpensive properties. They could be endowed with many new properties after modification or nano treatment, such as the better solubility in common solvents and improved mechanical properties, which would facilitate the reaction kinetics and longevity of the batteries. Herein, we divided natural cellulose into three categories, namely pristine cellulose, cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose, and reviewed in detail their inherent functions in the assembly of electrodes, electrolytes and separators in zinc batteries. These cellulose materials show great prospects in improving the electrochemical performance and durability of zinc batteries by inhibiting zinc corrosion, preventing dendrite growth, providing greater mechanical properties, improving ionic conductivity and catalyzing chemical conversions. At last, the current challenges and future development of cellulose in zinc batteries were presented.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, author={Han, Xu and Chen, Lei and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Xiaojie and Yang, Ke and Hu, Kairui and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{zhang_xia_ma_xia_wu_cheung_yu_zou_zhang_farha_et al._2023, title={Functional Textiles with Smart Properties: Their Fabrications and Sustainable Applications}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.202301607}, abstractNote={AbstractBenefiting from inherent lightweight, flexibility, and good adaptability to human body, functional textiles are attracting tremendous attention to cope with wearable issues in sustainable applications around human beings. In this feature article, a comprehensive and thoughtful review is proposed regarding research activities of functional textiles with smart properties. Specifically, a brief exposition of highlighting the significance and rising demands of novel textiles throughout the human society is begun. Next, a systematic review is provided about the fabrication of functional textiles from 1D spinning, 2D modification, and 3D construction, their diverse functionality as well as sustainable applications, showing a clear picture of evolved textiles to the readers. How to engineer the compositions, structures, and properties of functional textiles is elaborated to achieve different smart properties. All these tunable, upgraded, and versatile properties make the developed textiles well suited for extensive applications ranging from environmental monitoring or freshwater access to personal protection and wearable power supply. Finally, a simple summary and critical analysis is drawn, with emphasis on the insight into remaining challenges and future directions. With worldwide efforts, advance and breakthrough in textile functionalization expounded in this review will promote the revolution of smart textiles for intelligence era.}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, author={Zhang, Yabin and Xia, Xiaohu and Ma, Kaikai and Xia, Gang and Wu, Maoqi and Cheung, Yuk Ha and Yu, Hui and Zou, Bingsuo and Zhang, Xiangwu and Farha, Omar K. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{liu_li_li_liang_hu_liu_zhang_cui_chen_wan_et al._2023, title={Highly Thermally Stable, Highly Electrolyte-Wettable Hydroxyapatite/Cellulose Nanofiber Hybrid Separators for Lithium- Ion Batteries}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2574-0962"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsaem.2c04170}, abstractNote={Separators have an important influence on the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, traditional polyolefin-based separators suffer from poor thermal stability and weak electrolyte wettability. Here, by using hydroxyapatite (HAP) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as raw materials, we fabricated a unique HAP/CNF hybrid separator. The separators exhibit excellent thermal properties, with high thermal stability (up to 250 °C) and outstanding flame retardancy. The separators also demonstrate excellent electrolyte wettability. Compared to polypropylene (PP) separators, the HAP/CNF separators show a smaller contact angle with electrolytes, 17.2° for HAP/CNF and 45.5° for PP. Meanwhile, the HAP/CNF separators illustrate an excellent smoothness of 68.0 nm. In addition, the batteries assembled with the hybrid separators display a better performance compared with the batteries assembled with commercial PP separators. The raw materials are green, and the fabrication processes are free of organic solvents. We envision that the HAP/CNF hybrid separator could be a promising separator candidate for next-generation high-safety and high-performance LIBs.}, journal={ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Liu, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Li, Chao and Liang, Zhenye and Hu, Xueshan and Liu, Hao and Zhang, Ze and Cui, Meng and Chen, Gang and Wan, Jiayu and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{wang_zhu_zhang_pham_2023, title={Lithium-ion battery remaining useful life prediction using a two-phase degradation model with a dynamic change point}, volume={59}, ISSN={["2352-1538"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.est.2022.106457}, abstractNote={An accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction plays a crucial role in the prognostics and health management of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Current studies on the RUL prediction of Li-ion batteries commonly use single-phase degradation models, which result in inaccurate RUL predictions due to their insufficient capabilities in capturing various degradation patterns. The existing two-phase degradation models can divide battery degradation into two phases using a change point, a slowly decreasing phase, and a rapidly decreasing phase. The change point in the current two-phase degradation models is usually modeled in two ways. First, the change point is treated as a random variable and that however greatly increases the computational complexity. Second, a fixed change point is assigned for all battery cells for model simplification, which may not be realistic in practice. For example, battery cells' degradation data collected from our laboratory tests show a two-phase degradation pattern with different change points. By considering such differences in change points, this study first utilizes binary segmentation to identify the change point of a battery cell and then proposes a two-phase capacity degradation model with a dynamic change point. Further, variations have been observed in the degradation behaviors of tested battery cells. Therefore, by using the proposed two-phase degradation model, we develop a particle filtering-based framework considering uncertainties to predict the RULs of battery cells. Finally, the proposed framework shows superior prediction performance compared with the existing degradation models by providing the RUL prediction with an average absolute estimation error percentage of 27 % for laboratory data and an average absolute estimation error percentage of 24 % for NASA battery data.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE}, author={Wang, Rui and Zhu, Mengmeng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Pham, Hoang}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{cao_ma_luo_chen_cheng_orenstein_zhang_2023, title={Nanofiber Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2524-793X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-023-00278-4}, DOI={10.1007/s42765-023-00278-4}, journal={ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS}, author={Cao, Xinwang and Ma, Chang and Luo, Lei and Chen, Lei and Cheng, Hui and Orenstein, Raphael Simha and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{subjalearndee_he_cheng_tesatchabut_eiamlamai_phothiphiphit_saensuk_limthongkul_intasanta_gao_et al._2023, title={Wet Spinning of Graphene Oxide Fibers with Different MnO2 Additives}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.3c02989}, abstractNote={We present the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) composite fibers via wet spinning processes, which entails the effects of MnO2 micromorphology and mass loading on the extrudability of GO/MnO2 spinning dope and on the properties of resulted composite fibers. Various sizes of rod and sea-urchin shaped MnO2 microparticles have been synthesized via hydrothermal reactions with different oxidants and hydrothermal conditions. Both the microparticle morphology and mass loading significantly affect the extrudability of the GO/MnO2 mixture. In addition, the orientation of MnO2 microparticles within the fibers is largely affected by their microscopic surface areas. The composite fibers have been made electrically conductive via chemical or thermal treatments and then applied as fiber cathodes in Zn-ion battery prototypes. Thermal annealing under an argon atmosphere turns out to be an appropriate method to avoid MnO2 dissolution and leaching, which have been observed in the chemical treatments. These rGO/MnO2 fiber cathodes have been assembled into prototype Zn-ion batteries with Zn wire as the anode and xanthan-gum gel containing ZnSO4 and MnSO4 salts as the electrolyte. The resulted electrochemical output depends on the annealing temperature and MnO2 distribution within the fiber cathodes, while the best performer shows stable cycling stability at a maximum capacity of ca. 80 mA h/g.}, number={15}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Subjalearndee, Nakarin and He, Nanfei and Cheng, Hui and Tesatchabut, Panpanat and Eiamlamai, Priew and Phothiphiphit, Somruthai and Saensuk, Orapan and Limthongkul, Pimpa and Intasanta, Varol and Gao, Wei and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Apr}, pages={19514–19526} }
 @article{jia_qiu_tang_liu_xu_tawiah_jiang_zhang_2022, title={Advanced Flexible Carbon-Based Current Collector for Zinc Storage}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2524-793X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-022-00182-3}, DOI={10.1007/s42765-022-00182-3}, journal={ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS}, author={Jia, Hao and Qiu, Minghui and Tang, Chunxia and Liu, Hongqi and Xu, Jinlin and Tawiah, Benjamin and Jiang, Shou-xiang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{wang_gan_zhao_ma_zhang_song_ma_shi_2022, title={B, N, F tri-doped lignin-derived carbon nanofibers as an efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR and OER in rechargeable liquid/ solid-state Zn-air batteries}, volume={598}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153891}, abstractNote={The exploitation of cost-effective and high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital for the development of rechargeable metal-air batteries. Herein, B, N and F tri-doped lignin-based carbon porous nanofibers (BNF-LCFs) were prepared by electrospinning and pyrolysis without extra post-treatment using biomass lignin as carbon precursor, PVP as spinning additive, zinc borate as boron source, ammonium fluoride as fluorine source and partial nitrogen source. This method is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of B, N and F heteroatoms, large specific surface area and abundant defect sites, the BNF-LCF catalyst exhibits impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance towards ORR and OER with a small potential gap (ΔE) of 0.728 V. It outperforms the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 and most recently-reported non-metal carbon-based electrocatalysts. The liquid Zn-air batteries (ZABs) assembled with BNF-LCFs present a high open circuit potential of 1.536 V, a large specific capacity of 791.5 mAh g−1 and satisfactory cycling stability, superior to Pt + RuO2-based ZABs. Furthermore, the solid-state ZABs assembled with BNF-LCFs not only deliver excellent electrochemical performance, but also exhibit admirable mechanical flexibility and cycling stability, indicating favorable application prospects in flexible and wearable electronic devices.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, author={Wang, Yali and Gan, Ruihui and Zhao, Sa and Ma, Wenjun and Zhang, Xiangwu and Song, Yan and Ma, Chang and Shi, Jingli}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{zhu_cheng_zhu_li_gao_zhang_2022, title={Electrospun Nanofibers Enabled Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2643-6728"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00198}, DOI={10.1021/accountsmr.1c00198}, abstractNote={ConspectusLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been extensively studied because both S and Li have high theoretical capacities, and S is abundant and environmentally friendly. However, their practical applications have been hindered by several challenges, including poor conductivity of S and its intermediates, shuttle effects of polysulfides, Li dendrite growth, etc. Tremendous efforts have been taken to tackle these issues by developing functional S host materials, separators and interlayers, solid-state electrolytes, etc., during the past decade. Compared to structurally complicated materials and intricate preparation approaches, electrospun nanofibers have obtained tremendous interests since they have played an extremely crucial role in improving the overall performance of Li–S cells due to their unique features such as easy-setup, substantial surface area, outstanding flexibility, high porosity, excellent mechanical properties, etc.In this Account, we highlight the advancements and progress of electrospun nanofibers applied for obtaining advanced Li–S batteries based on our research: from the traditional liquid system to a full solid-state cell. It starts with the fundamental electrochemistry and challenges of Li–S batteries and then focuses on the advantages of utilizing electrospun nanofibers in Li–S batteries and their working mechanisms, which are detailed from five perspectives: (i) cathode design; (ii) interlayers; (iii) separators; (iv) solid-state electrolytes; (v) Li anode protection. For example, we will discuss (1) how the appropriate nanofiber cathode designs improve the electrical conductivity and utilization of the cathode, (2) how nanofiber interlayers minimize the diffusion of polysulfides, (3) how nanofiber separators improve cells’ rate capability, (4) how nanofiber-based solid-state electrolytes boost the overall ionic conductivity, accelerating the use of Li–S cells, and (5) how the applications of nanofibers suppress the Li dendrite growth. In the end, the critical research directions needed and the remaining challenges to be addressed are summarized. It is expected that this Account would provide an understanding of the importance for achieving advanced Li–S cells via utilizing electrospun nanofibers, inspiring extensive research on their rational designs and promoting the development of this field.}, journal={ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Cheng, Hui and Zhu, Pei and Li, Ya and Gao, Qiang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{xu_fang_chen_zhang_zhang_2022, title={Enhanced Reactive Dye Inkjet Printing Performance of Antimicrobial Silk Fabrics Surface Modified with Plasma and Chitosan}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1875-0052"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-022-4470-z}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Xu, Yi and Fang, Kuanjun and Chen, Weichao and Zhang, Xiangwu and Zhang, Chunming}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{wei_han_liu_gan_ma_liu_song_zhang_shi_ma_2022, title={Enhancing conversion of polysulfides via porous carbon nanofiber interlayer with dual-active sites for lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={625}, ISSN={["1095-7103"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.047}, abstractNote={Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage. However, the notorious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect and torpid redox kinetics hinder their practical application. Enhancing phase conversion efficiency and limiting the dissolution of LiPSs are critical for stabilizing Li-S batteries. Herein, sulfiphilic defective TiO2 nanoparticles (D-TiO2) were integrated into the lithiophilic N-doped porous carbon nanofiber membrane (D-TiO2@NPCNF) to construct interlayer for catalyzing the conversion of LiPSs. The D-TiO2@NPCNF provides hierarchical porous structure and large specific surface area, and the formed 3D conductive network accelerates the transport of electrons and ions. The dual-active sites (N and D-TiO2) enhance the interface conversion and chemisorption ability of LiPSs via forming "Li-N and Ti-S" bonds. Due to the structural advantage of the D-TiO2@NPCNF, the Li-S batteries exhibit excellent cycling stability (only 0.049% decay per cycle in 800cycles at 1.0C) and impressive specific capacity (608 mAh g-1 at 3.0C). This work is expected to deepen the comprehension of complex interphase conversion processes of LiPSs and provide novel ideas for the design of new interlayer materials.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE}, author={Wei, Chengbiao and Han, Yulan and Liu, Hao and Gan, Ruihui and Ma, Wenjun and Liu, Haihui and Song, Yan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Shi, Jingli and Ma, Chang}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={946–955} }
 @article{gan_wang_ma_dirican_zhao_song_zhang_ma_shi_2022, title={Fe2O3-encapsulated and Fe-Nx-containing hierarchical porous carbon spheres as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1879-3487"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.157}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.157}, abstractNote={It is highly desirable to develop high-efficiency non-precious electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, Fe2O3-encapsulated and Fe-Nx-containing porous carbon spheres (Fe2O3/N-MCCS) with unique multi-cage structures and high specific surface area (1360 m2 g−1) are fabricated. The unique porous structure of Fe2O3/N-MCCS ensures fast transportation of oxygen during ORR. The combined effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Fe-Nx configurations endows Fe2O3/N-MCCS (E1/2 = 0.837 V vs. RHE) with superior ORR activity and methanol tolerance to Pt/C. And, Fe2O3/N-MCCS exhibits better stability than nitrogen-modified carbon. The characterization results of Fe2O3/N-MCCS after long-term test reveals its excellent structural stability. Impressively, zinc-air battery based on Fe2O3/N-MCCS showed a peak power density of 132.4 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 797 mAh g−1, respectively.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gan, Ruihui and Wang, Yali and Ma, Wenjun and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhao, Sa and Song, Yan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Ma, Chang and Shi, Jingli}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={2103–2113} }
 @article{subjalearndee_he_cheng_tesatchabut_eiamlamai_limthongkul_intasanta_gao_zhang_2022, title={Gamma((sic))-MnO2/rGO Fibered Cathode Fabrication from Wet Spinning and Dip Coating Techniques for Cable-Shaped Zn-Ion Batteries}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2524-793X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00118-3}, DOI={10.1007/s42765-021-00118-3}, journal={ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS}, author={Subjalearndee, Nakarin and He, Nanfei and Cheng, Hui and Tesatchabut, Panpanat and Eiamlamai, Priew and Limthongkul, Pimpa and Intasanta, Varol and Gao, Wei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{xie_jia_dirican_xia_li_liu_cui_yan_wan_liu_et al._2022, title={Highly Foldable, Super-Sensitive, and Transparent Nanocellulose/Ceramic/Polymer Cover Windows for Flexible OLED Displays}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.2c01353}, abstractNote={Polymer cover windows are important components of flexible OLED displays but they easily generate wrinkles because of their weak folding resistance. Increasing the polymer thickness can improve the folding resistance but it decreases the touch sensitivity. Thus, fabricating highly foldable and supersensitive polymer cover windows is still challenging. Here, by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and zirconia (ZrO2) into colorless polyimide (CPI), we developed a highly foldable and supersensitive hybrid cover window. Inspired by the theory of elasticity, we added rigid CNCs into CPI to improve the elastic modulus and hence the foldability. ZrO2 was introduced to improve dielectric properties, which leads to improved touch sensitivity. After these modifications, the elastic modulus of the cover windows was increased from 1432 to 2221 MPa, whereas its dielectric constant was increased from 2.95 to 3.46 (@1 × 106 Hz), resulting in significantly enhanced foldability and sensitivity. Meanwhile, because of the nano size of CNCs and ZrO2, the hybrid cover windows exhibit excellent optical properties with the transmittance of ∼88.1%@550 nm and haze of 2.39%. With improved and balanced mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties, these hybrid cover windows overcome current cover windows' defects and could be widely used in next-generation flexible displays.}, number={14}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Xie, Jingyi and Jia, Dongmei and Dirican, Mahmut and Xia, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Liu, Yi and Cui, Meng and Yan, Chaoyi and Wan, Jiayu and Liu, Hao and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={16658–16668} }
 @article{tian_jia_dirican_cui_fang_yan_xie_liu_li_fu_et al._2022, title={Highly Soluble and Stable, High Release Rate Nanocellulose Codrug Delivery System of Curcumin and AuNPs for Dual Chemo-Photothermal Therapy}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1526-4602"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01367}, abstractNote={As a natural antitumor drug, curcumin (CUR) has received increasing attention from researchers and patients due to its various medicinal properties. However, currently CUR is still restricted due to its low and stand-alone therapeutic effects that seriously limit its clinical application. Here, by using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a nanocarrier to load CUR and AuNPs simultaneously, we developed a hybrid nanoparticle as a codrug delivery system to enhance the low and stand-alone therapeutic effects of CUR. Aided with the encapsulation of β-cyclodextrin (βCD), both the solubility and the stability of CUR are greatly enhanced (solubility increased from 0.89 to 131.7 μg/mL). Owing to the unique rod-like morphology of CNCs, the system exhibits an outstanding loading capacity of 31.4 μg/mg. Under the heat effects of coloaded AuNPs, the system demonstrates a high release rate of 77.63%. Finally, with CNC as a bridge nanocarrier, all aforementioned functions were integrated into one hybrid nanoparticle. The all-in-one integration ensures CUR to have enhanced therapeutic effects and enables the delivery system to exhibit combined chemo-photothermal therapy outcomes. This work presents a significant step toward CUR's clinical application and provides a new strategy for effective and integrative treatment of tumor disease.}, journal={BIOMACROMOLECULES}, author={Tian, Yan and Jia, Dongmei and Dirican, Mahmut and Cui, Meng and Fang, Dongjun and Yan, Chaoyi and Xie, Jingyi and Liu, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Fu, Junjun and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{jia_xie_dirican_fang_yan_liu_li_cui_liu_chen_et al._2022, title={Highly smooth, robust, degradable and cost-effective modified lignin-nanocellulose green composite substrates for flexible and green electronics}, volume={236}, ISSN={["1879-1069"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109803}, abstractNote={Cellulose-based substrates have emerged as strong candidates for flexible and green electronics to impede e-waste generation and fulfill device functions. However, current cellulose-related substrates are incapable to ensure both high performance and low-cost requirements. Here, we developed high-performance, low-cost, and eco-friendly green composite substrates for flexible and green electronics. The green composite substrates were constructed by two natural components of lignin and nanocellulose derived from wood. Through pretreatments of dialysis fraction and epoxidation modification, lignin's heterogeneous structure and moderate surface activity were remarkably improved. The two components exhibit excellent compatibility, and the regenerated substrates demonstrate plastic-like high performance and paper-like degradability, showing low surface roughness (4.68 nm), high ultimate tensile stress (146 MPa) and elastic modulus (16.16 GPa), high transmittance (59.57%@750 nm), and prominent thermal, electrical stability and flame retardancy. After lignin pretreatments, the ultimate tensile stress was vastly increased by 554%. And modified lignin can be added with an ultra-high loading amount (up to 50 wt%), which significantly reduces substrate cost. Consequently, RFID antennas were fabricated on these substrates, which demonstrate distinctive degradability. This study provides a sustainable approach to utilize lignin and cellulose to produce value-added green composites. This work presents a promising route for traditional electronics to replace non-degradable plastics to head towards flexible and green electronics to reduce e-waste generation.}, journal={COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}, author={Jia, Dongmei and Xie, Jingyi and Dirican, Mahmut and Fang, Dongjun and Yan, Chaoyi and Liu, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Cui, Meng and Liu, Hao and Chen, Gang and et al.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{shanmugapriya_zhu_ganeshbabu_lee_zhang_selvan_2022, title={Improved electrocatalytic properties of bundled B/N co-doped electrospun carbon nanofibers with Pt nanostructures through dopant-induced metal-support interaction (DIMSI)}, volume={284}, ISSN={["1873-4944"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.mseb.2022.115880}, abstractNote={• B/N co-doped CNFs are prepared as carbon supports for Pt NPs. • The synergistic role of B/N towards the dopant-induced metal-support interaction is studied. • Pt/HCNF-III with an optimal ratio of B/N ensures the uniform distribution of Pt NPs with high utilization ratio. • Pt/HCNF-III exhibits significant electrocatalytic activity for ORR, MOR, and HER reactions. The dispersion of platinum nanoparticles over B/N functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is studied using a simple electrospinning technique. The ratio of boron and nitrogen for the uniform and agglomeration-free Pt loading is optimized. Among the prepared electrocatalysts, Pt-loaded CNFs with an equal amount of B and N (Pt/HCNF-III) exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, and hydrogen evolution reactions. Pt/HCNF-III provides a significant ECSA (62.57 m 2 /gm). The Pt/HCNF-III being an efficient ORR electrocatalyst follows a 4-electron pathway and renders high half-wave potential. Moreover, Pt/HCNF-III displays relatively high mass activities of 324.77 and 6.17 A g −1 during MOR and HER, respectively. Pt/HCNF-III also demands a minimal overpotential (54 mV) and Tafel slope (33 mV dec −1 ) during HER. Thus, a unique phenomenon of dopant-induced metal support interaction has enhanced the electrocatalytic activity, stability, and selectivity of the prepared electrocatalysts.}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS}, author={Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan and Zhu, Pei and Ganeshbabu, Mariappan and Lee, Yun Sung and Zhang, Xiangwu and Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{yan_zhou_cheng_orenstein_zhu_yildiz_bradford_jur_wu_dirican_et al._2022, title={Interconnected cathode-electrolyte double-layer enabling continuous Li-ion conduction throughout solid-state Li-S battery}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2405-8297"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.014}, abstractNote={All-solid-state lithium (Li) batteries with high energy density are a promising solution for the next-generation energy storage systems in large-scale devices. To simultaneously overcome the challenges of poor ionic conduction of solid electrolytes and shuttling of active materials, we introduce a functional electrolyte-cathode bilayer framework with interconnected LLAZO channels from the electrolyte into the cathode for advanced solid-state Li-S batteries. Differing from the traditional solid-state batteries with separated layer compositions, the introduced bilayer framework provides ultrafast and continuous ion/electron conduction. Instead of transferring Li+ across the polymer and garnet phases which involve huge interfacial resistance, Li+ is directly conducted through the LLAZO channels created continuously from the cathode layer to the solid electrolyte layer, significantly shortening the diffusion distance and facilitating the redox reaction of sulfur and sulfides. A stable cycle life is demonstrated in the prototype Li-S solid-state batteries assembled with the introduced [email protected] interconnected bilayer framework. High capacity is obtained at room temperature, indicating the superior electrochemical properties of the bilayer framework that result from the unique design of the interconnected LLAZO garnet phase.}, journal={ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS}, author={Yan, Chaoyi and Zhou, Ying and Cheng, Hui and Orenstein, Raphael and Zhu, Pei and Yildiz, Ozkan and Bradford, Philip and Jur, Jesse and Wu, Nianqiang and Dirican, Mahmut and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={136–144} }
 @article{jia_qiu_tang_liu_fu_zhang_2022, title={Nano-scale BN interface for ultra-stable and wide temperature range tolerable Zn anode}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2567-3173"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.12190}, DOI={10.1002/eom2.12190}, abstractNote={AbstractAqueous Zn‐based energy storage device (ZESD) is a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage applications due to its significant merits like low cost, inherent safety, and environmental benignity. However, one shortcoming of ZESDs is the performance deficiency of pristine Zn anode caused by detrimental dendrite formation and side reactions. In this work, a novel boron nitride nano‐scale interface was established for ultra‐stable and wide temperature range tolerable anode (BN@Zn) by a scalable magnetron sputtering technique. The as‐introduced BN layers afford enhanced Zn deposition kinetics for a wide temperature application range from −20 to 60°C and effectively mitigated dendritic growth, which were ascribed to the strong interlayer bonds and uniform active sites as demonstrated by both experimental and density functional theory research results. Thus, the ultra‐thin BN interface could significantly improve the reaction kinetics and electrochemical stability of Zn anode, providing a new perspective towards the advanced ZESDs.image}, journal={ECOMAT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jia, Hao and Qiu, Minghui and Tang, Chunxia and Liu, Hongqi and Fu, Shaohai and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{cheng_yan_orenstein_dirican_wei_subjalearndee_zhang_2022, title={Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber-Reinforced Flexible Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance, Room-Temperature All-Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2524-793X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00128-1}, DOI={10.1007/s42765-021-00128-1}, number={3}, journal={ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Cheng, Hui and Yan, Chaoyi and Orenstein, Raphael and Dirican, Mahmut and Wei, Shuzhen and Subjalearndee, Nakarin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{jia_wang_dirican_qiu_chan_fu_fei_zhang_2021, title={A liquid metal assisted dendrite-free anode for high-performance Zn-ion batteries}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA11828A}, DOI={10.1039/D0TA11828A}, abstractNote={A self-healing zinc anode is achieved by introducing a liquid Ga–In–Zn alloy as a protective layer on zinc foil. The high fluidity and deformability of the liquid alloy ensure an ultralong cycling life by enabling dendrite-free Zn deposition.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Jia, Hao and Wang, Ziqi and Dirican, Mahmut and Qiu, Sheng and Chan, Cheuk Ying and Fu, Shaohai and Fei, Bin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={5597–5605} }
 @article{jia_qiu_lan_liu_dirican_fu_zhang_2021, title={Advanced Zinc Anode with Nitrogen-Doping Interface Induced by Plasma Surface Treatment}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2198-3844"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202103952}, DOI={10.1002/advs.202103952}, abstractNote={AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most ideal candidates for grid‐scale energy storage applications due to their excellent price and safety advantages. However, formation of Zn dendrites and continuous side reactions during cycling result in serious instability problems for ZIBs. In this work, the authors develop a facile and versatile plasma‐induced nitrogen‐doped Zn (N‐Zn) foil for dendrite‐free Zn metal anode. Benefitting from the uniform nucleation sites and enhanced surface kinetics, the N‐Zn anode exhibits exceptionally low overpotential (around 23 mV) at 1 mA cm−2 and can be cycled for over 3000 h under 1 mA cm−2 because of the enhanced interface behavior. The potential application of N‐Zn anode is also confirmed by introducing a full Zn/MnO2 battery with outstanding capacity stability for 2000 cycles at 1 A g–1. Overall, this work offers new fundamental insights into homogenizing Zn electrodeposition processes by pre‐introduced active nucleation sites and provides a novel direction of interface design engineering for ultra‐stable Zn metal anode.}, number={3}, journal={ADVANCED SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jia, Hao and Qiu, Minghui and Lan, Chuntao and Liu, Hongqi and Dirican, Mahmut and Fu, Shaohai and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{ma_wu_dirican_cheng_li_song_shi_zhang_2021, title={Carbon black-based porous sub-micron carbon fibers for flexible supercapacitors}, volume={537}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147914}, abstractNote={Construction of functional materials using low-dimensional carbons has attracted tremendous attention in the field of energy storage devices. Herein, porous carbon black (CB) is used as the dominant building unit to construct porous sub-micron carbon fibers by electrospinning and pyrolysis with polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based pyrolytic carbon as the binder. Inheriting abundant pores and surface area from the porous CB, the resultant CB-based sub-micron fibers present considerable porosity and specific surface area. The PAN-based pyrolytic carbon endows the CB-based sub-micron carbon fibers with a considerable quantity of N/O-containing surface. CB content plays a crucial role in improving thermal stability, flexibility, and conductivity of the resultant sub-micron carbon fibers. The CB-based sub-micron carbon fibers present a considerable specific capacitance, excellent cycling stability and can be used electrodes for flexible supercapacitors.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, author={Ma, Chang and Wu, Liqiang and Dirican, Mahmut and Cheng, Hui and Li, Junjing and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{li_zhu_cheng_li_cho_jiang_gao_zhang_2021, title={Developments of Advanced Electrospinning Techniques: A Critical Review}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2365-709X"]}, DOI={10.1002/admt.202100410}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospinning, considered as a low‐cost and straightforward approach, attracts tremendous attention because nanofibrous materials with functional properties prepared by it can be widely applied in numerous fields, including rechargeable batteries, filtration, and distillation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advances in developing this unique technique, which starts with a brief introduction of the advantages of electrospinning and highlights ongoing research activities, followed by its principles and progress. Afterward, the corresponding properties of electrospun nanofibers are discussed. A future vision regarding challenges and perspectives in this area is proposed at the end. It is believed that this review would provide an extensive and comprehensive reference to utilize this advanced technique to generate novel nanofibers performing in high demanding areas.}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Li, Ya and Zhu, Jiadeng and Cheng, Hui and Li, Guoqing and Cho, Hyunjin and Jiang, Mengjin and Gao, Qiang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{fang_yu_dirican_tian_xie_jia_yan_liu_li_liu_et al._2021, title={Disintegrable, transparent and mechanically robust high-performance antimony tin oxide/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol thermal insulation films}, volume={266}, ISSN={["1879-1344"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118175}, abstractNote={Polymer-based thermal insulation films are widely utilized to reduce the influence of solar radiation. However, current thermal insulation films face several challenges from poor thermal insulation performance and severe environmental pollution, which are caused by the non-disintegratability of polymer substrates. Here, cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/antimony tin oxide (ATO) hybrid films with and without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are presented and they can be used as window thermal barrier films and personal thermal management textiles. The hybrid films exhibit prominent thermal insulation performance, blocking 91.07% ultraviolet(UV) light, reflecting 95.19% near-infrared(NIR) light, and transmitting 44.89% visible(VIS) light. Meanwhile, the hybrid films demonstrate high thermal stability, high anti-UV aging stability, and robust mechanical properties. Moreover, the used-up hybrid films based on natural cellulose are of high disintegratability and recyclability. Our present work is anticipated to open up a new avenue for the fabrication of next-generation high-performance thermal insulation films with sustainable and environmentally friendly processes.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}, author={Fang, Dongjun and Yu, Huang and Dirican, Mahmut and Tian, Yan and Xie, Jingyi and Jia, Dongmei and Yan, Chaoyi and Liu, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Liu, Hao and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{ma_cao_dirican_subjalearndee_cheng_li_song_shi_zhang_2021, title={Fabrication, structure and supercapacitance of flexible porous carbon nanobelt webs with enhanced inter-fiber connection}, volume={543}, ISBN={1873-5584}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148783}, abstractNote={Flexible carbon nanobelt webs (CNBWs) with a hierarchical porous structure, considerable N- and/or O-containing surface functionalities were fabricated by electrospinning of phenolic resin/PVP/magnesium nitrate (MNH) solution, followed by curing, thermal treatment and picking. The effect of spinning humidity on the morphology of cured fibers was investigated. The results showed that low humidity was required for successful spinning and collection of the nanobelts. The addition of MNH played a crucial role in inhibiting inter-nanobelt adhesions and warping of nanobelts during thermal treatment and producing hierarchical porous structure. The increase in MNH content resulted in an enhancement in the specific surface area (SSA), micropore volume, and mesoporosity of the CNBWs. The achieved CNBWs displayed the maximum SSA of 779 m2 g−1 and a mesoporosity of 82%. The reduction in the number of warping endowed the CNBWs with face-to-face inter-nanobelt connection, then brought about a significant enhancement in conductivity and packing density of the CNBWs, which ultimately improved the rate performance and volumetric capacitance. The work proposed a feasible route for improving the conductivity and volumetric capacity of electrospun carbon nanofiber webs as the electrode for supercapacitors or batteries.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, author={Ma, Chang and Cao, Erchuang and Dirican, Mahmut and Subjalearndee, Nakarin and Cheng, Hui and Li, Junjing and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021} }
 @article{wang_gan_liu_dirican_wei_ma_shi_zhang_2021, title={Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles anchored on N-doped hierarchically porous carbon nanospheres as a high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA10205A}, DOI={10.1039/D0TA10205A}, abstractNote={N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres loaded with Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles are prepared and show excellent ORR activity and durability, based on which the assembled Zn-air battery has outstanding peak power density and specific capacity.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Wang, Yali and Gan, Ruihui and Liu, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Wei, Chengbiao and Ma, Chang and Shi, Jingli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={2764–2774} }
 @article{yu_tian_dirican_fang_yan_xie_jia_liu_li_cui_et al._2021, title={Flexible, transparent and tough silver nanowire/nanocellulose electrodes for flexible touch screen panels}, volume={273}, ISSN={["1879-1344"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118539}, abstractNote={Flexible touch screen panel (f-TSP) has been emerging recently and metallic nanowire transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are its key components. However, most metallic nanowire (MNW) TCEs suffer from weak bonding strength between metal nanowire electrode layers and polymer substrates, which causes delamination of TCEs and produces serious declines in durability of f-TSPs. Here, we introduce AgS bonding and develop tough and strong electrode-substrate bonded MNW TCEs, which can enhance durability of f-TSPs significantly. We used silver nanowires (AgNWs) as metal conductive electrode and thiol-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC-HS) nanopaper as substrates. Because of the existence of Ag from AgNWs and S from NFC-HS, strong AgS bonding was generated and tough TCEs were obtained. The TCEs exhibit excellent electrical stability, outstanding optical and electrical properties. The f-TSP devices integrated with the TCEs illustrate striking durability. This technique may provide a promising strategy to produce flexible and tough TCEs for next-generation high-durability f-TSPs.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}, author={Yu, Huang and Tian, Yan and Dirican, Mahmut and Fang, Dongjun and Yan, Chaoyi and Xie, Jingyi and Jia, Dongmei and Liu, Yi and Li, Chunxing and Cui, Meng and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{wang_gan_ai_liu_wei_song_dirican_zhang_ma_shi_2021, title={Hollow Co3O4-x nanoparticles decorated N-doped porous carbon prepared by one-step pyrolysis as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries}, volume={181}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.016}, abstractNote={Composites of cobalt oxides and nitrogen-doped porous carbon, as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), offer considerable potential in new-style energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a straightforward method for production of N-doped porous carbon (Co3O4-‍x@N–C) decorated by hollow Co3O4-x nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies has been studied by one-step pyrolysis of Co-doped quinone-amine polymer in gas mixture of NH3 and Ar. The nanosized CoO/Co3O4 heterostructure can boost the electron transport, while the hollow structure can ensure the structural and chemical stability of the catalyst, and the oxygen vacancy can change the surface electron structure and lower the activation energy barrier for oxygen reduction. Consequently, the as-prepared catalyst Co3O4-x@N–C exhibits excellent ORR catalytic performance (E1/2 = 0.845 V vs. RHE), exceeding that of Pt/C and most recently reported ORR catalysts. The Zn-air batteries assembled with Co3O4-x@N–C present a high open circuit potential (1.524 V), a large peak power density (105.2 mW cm−‍2) and great discharge-charge cycling performance, superior to the Zn-air batteries assembled with Pt/C. The excellent electrocatalytic performances of Co3O4-x@N–C make it an ideal alternative for precious metal catalyst (Pt/C) in rechargeable Zn-air batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, author={Wang, Yali and Gan, Ruihui and Ai, Zhiquan and Liu, Hao and Wei, Chengbiao and Song, Yan and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu and Ma, Chang and Shi, Jingli}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={87–98} }
 @article{neto_matsubara_dirican_salussolia_zhang_rosolen_2021, title={Li intercalation in nonwoven carbon nanotube/carbon fiber felt electrode: Influence of carbon fiber type}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1879-0062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108353}, abstractNote={Binder-free electrodes resulting from nonwoven carbon fiber felt coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT/FELT) are a useful class of composites to explore the electrochemical properties of CNTs and derived nanostructures deposited on the CNT surface. Here, we show that, contrary to current literature knowledge, the nonwoven carbon fibers are not just a constituent of the CNT/FELT and do not have the exclusive function of holding the CNT network in the three-dimensional architecture. In fact, the nonwoven carbon fibers constituting the FELT and their electronic conductivity influence Li+ intercalation into the CNTs coating the FELT. By using FELT coated with cup-stacked-CNT (5% wt. CSCNT) and embedded with SWCNTs (CSCNT/FELTSWCNT) or MWCNTs (CSCNT/FELTMWCNT), we were able to tailor the Li specific capacity and Faradaic efficiency of the resulting electrode. From a technological standpoint, despite its huge specific surface area of around 1624 m2 g−1, CSCNT/FELTMWCNT presented excellent reversible Li specific capacity (415 mAh g−1) with respect to the total electrode mass as well as excellent faradaic efficiency at initial discharge/charge (~93%, C-rate ~ 1.6). Some kind of hybridization effect took place between the CNTs and the nonwoven carbon fibers in the FELT. Therefore, the CSCNT/FELT(SW or MW)CNT is a hybrid composite whose electrochemical behavior is governed by its constituents and their eventual electronic interaction.}, journal={DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS}, author={Neto, D. B. de Freitas and Matsubara, E. Y. and Dirican, M. and Salussolia, G. F. and Zhang, Xiangwu and Rosolen, J. M.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{chen_zhang_lu_cheng_liu_zhang_2021, title={Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Bicontinuous Heterofibrous Scaffold for Kinetically Accelerated Polysulfide Trapping and Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2574-0962"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsaem.1c03113}, abstractNote={Further development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is restricted by the insulation of sulfur and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPSs). Herein, we propose a multifunctional freestanding three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous heterofibrous carbon nanotube–carbon nanofiber (CNTs-CNFs) scaffold via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy as a polysulfide-engulfing system and a conductive network in the cathode. CNFs construct a continuous network that serves as a freestanding substrate with moderate conductivity for CNTs to grow. The as-grown CNTs with cross-twisted root and cross-winding tips reduce the interfacial impedance of sulfur, achieving up to 77.88% loading. They also act as inserted networks with excellent electrical conductivity in active substance, which facilitate the diffusion and transport of electrons and ions and accelerate redox kinetics, with the initial discharge capacity of 1412.5 mAh g–1 at a current density of 0.2 C. Moreover, the cross-winding of CNT tips in different spatial orientations plays a great role as well in immobilizing the shuttle of soluble LiPSs via the synergistic effect of physical blocking and chemical adsorption. Eventually, the cycle performance is significantly improved with the maintained capacity of 607.7 mAh g–1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 C.}, number={12}, journal={ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Chen, Lei and Zhang, Chao and Lu, Zhenqian and Cheng, Hui and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={14447–14457} }
 @article{zheng_zhou_zhao_ye_zhang_ge_2021, title={Oriented PAN/PVDF/PAN laminated nanofiber separator for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/00405175211005027}, abstractNote={ Electrospun nanofiber separators have excellent properties in terms of large surface area and high porosity, which benefits the rate capability, electrochemical stability, and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a 0°PAN/PVDF/90°PAN-oriented composite nanofiber separator is prepared, which is prepared layer by layer by electrospinning technology and drum orientation collector. The results show that when the rotating speed of the drum is 600 r min−1, the 0°PAN/PVDF/90°PAN-oriented composite nanofiber separator has high porosity (about 85%), improved transverse and longitudinal tensile properties (10.33 MPa and 11.03 MPa, respectively), good dimensional stability at 160°C, and good electrochemical performance (specific charge capacity of 165 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and 142.7 mAh g−1 at 1C, capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles). }, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Zheng, Yixiao and Zhou, Rongxin and Zhao, Huanhuan and Ye, Feng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Ge, Yeqian}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{yang_abdullah_bright_hu_kittilstved_xu_wang_zhang_wu_2021, title={Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries: Ionic conductivity and chemical interaction enhanced by oxygen vacancy in ceramic nanofibers}, volume={495}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229796}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229796}, abstractNote={Perovskite Li3x La2/3−x TiO3 (LLTO) nanofibers have been heat-treated in the hydrogen-containing atmosphere and then incorporated with the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) polymer to form a composite electrolyte. Hydrogen treatment has created oxygen vacancies in the LLTO nanofibers, which has reduced the activation energy of Li ion transport along intra-grains and inter-grains, leading to an improvement in the ion conductivity of LLTO nanofibers. Hydrogen treatment of the LLTO nanofibers has also enhanced the chemical interaction between the LLTO nanofibers and the polymer matrix in the composite electrolyte, and favored the Li ion transport at the nanofiber/polymer interface, improving the ion conductivity of the composite electrolyte to 3.4 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. As a result, the Li|composite-electrolyte|Li half-cell exhibits good stability during lithium plating/stripping cycling at room temperature, showing an overpotential of ~91 mV at a constant current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. The full-cell battery with the composite electrolyte, lithium metal anode and lithium iron phosphate cathode shows excellent rate capacity and cycling performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yang, Hui and Abdullah, Muhammad and Bright, Joeseph and Hu, Weiguo and Kittilstved, Kevin and Xu, Yaobin and Wang, Chongmin and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Nianqiang}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{ma_fan_dirican_subjalearndee_cheng_li_song_shi_zhang_2021, title={Rational design of meso-/micro-pores for enhancing ion transportation in highly-porous carbon nanofibers used as electrode for supercapacitors}, volume={545}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.148933}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber has been one of the promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. It is desirable but still challenging to optimize meso-/micro-pore ratio and configuration while achieving a high specific surface area in carbon nanofibers. Here, we present the design and preparation of carbon nanofiber mats with both high specific surface area and rational meso-/micropore configuration by electrospinning tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/phenolic resin (PR)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/F127 blend solution, followed by carbothermal reduction, removal of carbon and chlorination. Silicon carbide nanofibers constructed by regulatable secondary nanostructure were achieved by adjusting TEOS content in the spinning solution, derived from which microporous carbon nanofibers with considerable mesopores (60–70% in mesoporosity), diverse secondary nanostructure (24–44 nm), and high specific surface area (1765–1890 m2 g−1) were prepared. The formation mechanism of the diverse secondary nanostructure in carbon nanofiber was proposed. The carbide-derived carbon nanofibers showed an excellent specific capacitance (316 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and high-rate capability (186 F g−1 at 100 A g−1) due to the enhanced ion transportation, which was achieved by shortening micropore channels and offering convenient mesoporous channel towards microporous domains.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, author={Ma, Chang and Fan, Qingchao and Dirican, Mahmut and Subjalearndee, Nakarin and Cheng, Hui and Li, Junjing and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{yu_chen_li_dirican_liu_zhang_2021, title={Root-whisker structured 3D CNTs-CNFs network based on coaxial electrospinning: A free-standing anode in lithium-ion batteries}, volume={863}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158481}, abstractNote={A root-whisker structured 3D CNTs-CNFs network was designed to work as a free-standing anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nickel catalyst was uniformly dispersed on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on a coaxial electrospun technology followed with a regular carbonization process. After then, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown perpendicular to CNFs surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Just as plants rely on strong roots and whiskers to absorb and transport nutrients from the soil, this 3D CNTs-CNFs network enjoys excellent contact with the electrolyte and outstanding capability to capture lithium ions. Moreover, the interlaced nanostructure provides much shorter and faster transport channels for electrons and ions simultaneously. Consequently, our LIBs assembled with this CNTs-CNFs anode represent remarkable cycling stability (545.7 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles and 316.8 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) and excellent rate capacity (306.72 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1).}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, author={Yu, Hui and Chen, Lei and Li, Wenxiao and Dirican, Mahmut and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{ma_wu_dirican_cheng_li_song_shi_zhang_2021, title={ZnO-assisted synthesis of lignin-based ultra-fine microporous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors}, volume={586}, ISSN={["1095-7103"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.105}, abstractNote={Reducing the material size could be an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of porous carbons for supercapacitors. In this work, ultra-fine porous carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning using lignin/ polyvinylpyrrolidone as carbon precursor and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH) as an additive, followed by pre-oxidation, carbonization, and pickling processes. Assisted by the ZnO template, the pyrolytic product of ZNH, abundant micropores are yielded, leading to the formation of microporous carbon nanofibers with specific surface area (SSA) up to 1363 m2 g−1. The average diameter of the lignin-based ultra-fine porous carbon nanofibers (LUPCFs) is effectively controlled from 209 to 83 nm through adjusting the ZNH content. With good flexibility and self-standing nature, the LUPCFs could be directly cut into electrodes for use in supercapacitors. High accessible surface, enriched surface N/O groups, and reduced fiber diameters endow the LUPCFs-based electrodes with an excellent specific capacitance of 289 F g−1. The reduction of fiber diameters remarkably improves the rate performance of the LUPCFs and leads to a low relaxation time constant of 0.37 s. The high specific capacitance of 162 F g−1 is maintained when the current density is increased from 0.1 to 20 A g−1. Besides, the fabricated LUPCFs show exceptional cycling stability in symmetrical supercapacitors, manifesting a promising application prospect in the next generation of supercapacitors.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE}, author={Ma, Chang and Wu, Liqiang and Dirican, Mahmut and Cheng, Hui and Li, Junjing and Song, Yan and Shi, Jingli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={412–422} }
 @article{yang_liu_bright_kasani_yang_zhang_wu_2020, title={A Single-Ion Conducting UiO-66 Metal–Organic Framework Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries}, volume={3}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00410}, DOI={10.1021/acsaem.0c00410}, abstractNote={A metal–organic framework (MOF) single lithium-ion conductor has been synthesized by covalently immobilizing anions to the skeleton of MOF structures. The functionalized UiO-66 MOF exhibits an elec...}, number={4}, journal={ACS Applied Energy Materials}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Yang, Hui and Liu, Botong and Bright, Joeseph and Kasani, Sujan and Yang, Jianhui and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Nianqiang}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={4007–4013} }
 @misc{zhu_yan_zhang_yang_jiang_zhang_2020, title={A sustainable platform of lignin: From bioresources to materials and their applications in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1873-216X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.pecs.2019.100788}, abstractNote={Lignin, as a renewable bioresource, has been widely explored in cellulosic biofuel and several other industries. There are limited applications of lignin in the energy industry, especially in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, even though tremendous research work has been done regarding the use of lignin in these fields. It is vital to take lignin into consideration because its usage not only improves the performance of these devices but also reduces the cost, contributing to obtaining more sustainable and greener energy devices. This paper reviews recent developments of lignin-derived materials in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. It starts with a brief introduction of the benefits of lignin, followed by the fundamental nature and preparation of lignin-derived materials. Significant attention is paid to applications of lignin-derived materials in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors including their use as binders and electrodes for rechargeable batteries, and electrodes and electrolytes for supercapacitors with a focus on the mechanisms behind their operation. The goal is to provide a detailed review of the critical aspects related to lignin utilized as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with energy storage and conversion. Lastly, a future vision on challenges and their possible solutions are presented.}, journal={PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhang, Xin and Yang, Chen and Jiang, Mengjin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{yang_bright_chen_zheng_gao_liu_kasani_zhang_wu_2020, title={Chemical interaction and enhanced interfacial ion transport in a ceramic nanofiber–polymer composite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA12495K}, DOI={10.1039/C9TA12495K}, abstractNote={This article shows strong chemical interaction between a ceramic and polymer in a solid-state composite electrolyte and three Li-ion transport pathways.}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Yang, Hui and Bright, Joeseph and Chen, Banghao and Zheng, Peng and Gao, Xuefei and Liu, Botong and Kasani, Sujan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Nianqiang}, year={2020} }
 @article{kim_ramalingam_balakumar_zhang_gao_son_bradford_2020, title={Chemically interconnected ternary AgNP/polypyrrole/functionalized buckypaper composites as high-energy-density supercapacitor electrodes}, volume={739}, ISSN={["1873-4448"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136957}, abstractNote={In this study, a chemically interconnected composite, called EBP-PPY-AgNP, was fabricated to develop high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. The composite consists of epoxide-functionalized buckypaer (EBP), polypyrrole (PPY), and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The structure was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analyses were conducted to estimate the electrochemical performance. The results were more excellent than those of the other electrodes not chemically interconnected. Finally, the energy density was calculated, and the value was higher than in previous studies that examined electrodes with similar materials.}, journal={CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS}, author={Kim, Hyungjoo and Ramalingam, Manivannan and Balakumar, Vellaichamy and Zhang, Xiangwu and Gao, Wei and Son, Young-A and Bradford, Philip D.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{wu_hu_cheng_pan_zhang_jiang_mao_ni_zhang_wang_et al._2020, title={Fe3C composite carbon nanofiber interlayer for efficient trapping and conversion of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={847}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156443}, abstractNote={The poor electrical conductivity of the sulfur electrode and the severe shuttle effect limit the practical application of current lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Therefore, we demonstrate a methodology to design and develop a multifunctional interlayer based on carbon nanofiber (CNF) with Fe3C nanoparticles (Fe3C–CNF), which can simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity and reduce the shuttling effect by entrapping soluble polysulfides. The three-dimensional network-like structure of the Fe3C–CNF interlayer with uniformly distributed Fe3C nanoparticles not only enables the efficient deposition of active materials but also enhances the electron transfer of sulfur species. The Fe3C nanoparticles can effectively reduce the interfacial resistance and enhance the kinetics of the redox reaction of the sulfur material as a catalyst. A Li–S battery with a Fe3C–CNF interlayer and a conventional cathode (prepared by merely blending sulfur and conductive carbon) exhibits a capacity of 941 mAh g−1 and average Coulombic efficiency of 98.0% at 0.2 C. Even after 250 cycles at 1.0 C, the Li–S battery with the Fe3C–CNF interlayer exhibits a reversible discharge capacity of 804 mAh g−1, with an average capacity decay of 0.091% per cycle. The methodology proposed herein aids in the development of next-generation Li–S batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, author={Wu, Keshi and Hu, Yi and Cheng, Zhongling and Pan, Peng and Zhang, Mengmeng and Jiang, Liyuan and Mao, Jieting and Ni, Changke and Zhang, Yaru and Wang, Zixi and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{yan_zhu_jia_du_zhu_orenstein_cheng_wu_dirican_zhang_2020, title={Garnet-rich composite solid electrolytes for dendrite-free, high-rate, solid-state lithium-metal batteries}, volume={26}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.11.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2019.11.018}, abstractNote={Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), which are composed of inorganic fillers and organic polymers, show improved safety and suppressed lithium dendrite growth in Li-metal batteries, as compared to flammable liquid electrolytes. However, the performance of current CSEs is limited by the agglomeration effect, with low content of inorganic Li+-conducting fillers and ineffective Li+ transport between the inorganic fillers and the polymer matrix. To address these challenges, a new type of CSE composed of silane-modified Li6.28La3Al0.24Zr2O12 ([email protected]) nanofibers and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is developed. Employment of the silane coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, enables the incorporation of a high content of LLAZO nanofibers (up to 70 ​wt%) with the polymer matrix and results in a well-percolated, three-dimensional LLAZO network fully embedded in the PEGDA matrix. Consequently, the silane coupling agent successfully eliminates the agglomeration effect, which ensures higher ionic conductivity, larger lithium transference number, wider electrochemical stability window, and better cycling stability for [email protected] CSEs. Excellent cycling stability and extraordinarily high rate capability (up to 10C) are demonstrated in the all-solid-state Li-metal batteries with LiFePO4 and high-voltage Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 cathodes at ambient temperature. This novel design of CSEs with [email protected] nanofibers paves the way for a new generation of improved functioning all-solid-state Li-metal batteries.}, journal={Energy Storage Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yan, Chaoyi and Zhu, Pei and Jia, Hao and Du, Zhuang and Zhu, Jiadeng and Orenstein, Raphael and Cheng, Hui and Wu, Nianqiang and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={448–456} }
 @article{shanmugapriya_kasturi_zhu_zhu_yan_zhang_selvan_2020, title={Hexanedioic acid mediated in situ functionalization of interconnected graphitic 3D carbon nanofibers as Pt support for trifunctional electrocatalysts}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SE00136H}, DOI={10.1039/D0SE00136H}, abstractNote={A unique approach of in situ functionalization has resulted in the uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of hexanedioic acid modified electrospun 3D carbon nanofibers (ACNFs).}, journal={Sustainable Energy & Fuels}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan and Kasturi, Palanisamy Rupa and Zhu, Pei and Zhu, Jiadeng and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhang, Xiangwu and Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai}, year={2020} }
 @article{chen_yu_dirican_fang_tian_yan_xie_jia_liu_wang_et al._2020, title={Highly Thermally Stable, Green Solvent Disintegrable, and Recyclable Polymer Substrates for Flexible Electronics}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1521-3927"]}, DOI={10.1002/marc.202000292}, abstractNote={AbstractFlexible electronics require its substrate to have adequate thermal stability, but current thermally stable polymer substrates are difficult to be disintegrated and recycled; hence, generate enormous electronic solid waste. Here, a thermally stable and green solvent‐disintegrable polymer substrate is developed for flexible electronics to promote their recyclability and reduce solid waste generation. Thanks to the proper design of rigid backbones and rational adjustments of polar and bulky side groups, the polymer substrate exhibits excellent thermal and mechanical properties with thermal decomposition temperature (Td,5%) of 430 °C, upper operating temperature of over 300 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 48 ppm K−1, tensile strength of 103 MPa, and elastic modulus of 2.49 GPa. Furthermore, the substrate illustrates outstanding optical and dielectric properties with high transmittance of 91% and a low dielectric constant of 2.30. Additionally, it demonstrates remarkable chemical and flame resistance. A proof‐of‐concept flexible printed circuit device is fabricated with this substrate, which demonstrates outstanding mechanical–electrical stability. Most importantly, the substrate can be quickly disintegrated and recycled with alcohol. With outstanding thermally stable properties, accompanied by excellent recyclability, the substrate is particularly attractive for a wide range of electronics to reduce solid waste generation, and head toward flexible and “green” electronics.}, number={19}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Chen, Linlin and Yu, Huang and Dirican, Mahmut and Fang, Dongjun and Tian, Yan and Yan, Chaoyi and Xie, Jingyi and Jia, Dongmei and Liu, Hao and Wang, Jiasheng and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{wang_yu_dirican_chen_fang_tian_yan_xie_jia_liu_et al._2020, title={Highly Transparent, Thermally Stable, and Mechanically Robust Hybrid Cellulose-Nanofiber/Polymer Substrates for the Electrodes of Flexible Solar Cells}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2574-0962"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsaem.9b01943}, abstractNote={The polymer substrates of flexible solar cell (FSC) electrodes play a crucial role in determining the electrode performance as well as the device performance and reliability. However, most of the FSC electrode polymer substrates suffer from high coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal instability when exposed to thermal-cycling impact. Here, a nanocellulose/epoxy hybrid substrate employing chemically modified cellulose nanofibers, demonstrating significantly improved thermal properties as well as high optical transparency, is presented. Benefiting from nanoscale morphology and surface functional groups of the cellulose nanofibers, which enable excellent compatibility and interfacial interaction with the epoxy matrix, the hybrid substrate’s thermal properties are significantly improved with a decreased CTE of 19 ppm/K, increased glass -transition temperature (Tg) of 71.8 °C, and increased half-life thermal decomposition temperature (Td,50%) of 376 °C. Concurrently, mechanical properties are gre...}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Wang, Ruiping and Yu, Huang and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Linlin and Fang, Dongjun and Tian, Yan and Yan, Chaoyi and Xie, Jingyi and Jia, Dongmei and Liu, Hao and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={785–793} }
 @misc{chen_yu_li_dirican_liu_zhang_2020, title={Interlayer design based on carbon materials for lithium-sulfur batteries: a review}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, DOI={10.1039/d0ta03028g}, abstractNote={This review summarizes recently developed Li–S batteries with novel interlayers based on carbon materials.}, number={21}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, author={Chen, Lei and Yu, Hui and Li, Wenxiao and Dirican, Mahmut and Liu, Yong and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={10709–10735} }
 @article{xu_hao_xiao_zhang_feng_dirican_yan_2020, title={Iron/manganese oxide-decorated GO-regulated highly porous polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane and its excellent methylene blue-removing performance}, volume={607}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118180}, abstractNote={Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membrane wet-spun without any porogen usually has a wide pore size distribution, low porosity, and unstable porous structure. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was selected as a structural optimizer to tune the porous structure of the PAN membrane. The results show that pore size and porosity increase from 156.4 nm and 37.0% to 590.8 nm and 81.4% as GO amount increases from 0 to 0.15%, which also causes a narrower pore size distribution. A simple and viable route of gradient hydrolysis, coordination, and oxidation was then adopted to decorate the PAN membrane with well-grown and well-dispersed iron/manganese oxide to achieve a functional membrane that could remove methylene blue (MB) from water stably and efficiently in the presence of H2O2. Compared with the membrane without GO, the functional membrane has a higher oxide decoration ratio, lower water contact angle, larger pores, higher porosity, and better mechanical property, and its MB solution flux is roughly two times higher than that of the membrane without GO. Additionally, the functional membrane can remove MB from the water after 30 cycles without any obvious efficiency attenuation; by contrast, MB removal efficiency induced by the membrane without GO attenuates remarkably after 25 cycles.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, author={Xu, Naiku and Hao, Zhifen and Xiao, Changfa and Zhang, Xiangwu and Feng, Yan and Dirican, Mahmut and Yan, Chaoyi}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{xu_ning_chen_hao_xiao_zhang_feng_2020, title={Melt-spun modified poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) fiber as a carrier to support manganese oxide and its application in dye wastewater decolorization}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1614-7499"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11356-020-09105-4}, abstractNote={Polymer fiber, a kind of versatile material, has been widely used in many fields. However, emerging applications still urge us to develop some new kinds of fibers. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have created a promising prospect for organic wastewater decontamination; thus, it is of important significance to design a kind of special fiber that can be applied in AOPs. In this work, a viable route is proposed to fabricate manganese oxide-supporting melt-spun modified poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) fiber, and the prepared fiber has an excellent activity to catalyze H 2 O 2  and O 3  to decolorize dye-containing water. The results show that the decolorization of a cationic blue solution can be completely accomplished within 10 min with the prepared fiber as a catalyst, and its decolorization efficiency can reach up to 96.2% within 40 min. The concentration of total organic carbon can decrease from 20.3 to 12.3 mg/L. The prepared fiber can be reused five times without any loss in decolorization efficiency. Compared with other manganese oxide-based catalysts reported in the literature, the prepared fiber also shows many advantages in decolorizing methylene blue such as easy separation, mild reaction condition, and high decolorization efficiency. Therefore, we are confident that the fiber introduced in this study will exhibit a great application potential in the field of dye wastewater treatment.}, number={22}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH}, author={Xu, Naiku and Ning, Liqun and Chen, Shunqiang and Hao, Zhifen and Xiao, Changfa and Zhang, Xiangwu and Feng, Yan}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={28209–28221} }
 @article{huang_wang_zhang_xu_gu_2020, title={Optimized preparation of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 with single crystal morphology cathode material for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1862-0760"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11581-020-03445-4}, number={6}, journal={IONICS}, author={Huang, Bing and Wang, Meng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Xu, Guodong and Gu, Yijie}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={2689–2698} }
 @article{chen_xu_ren_xiao_zhang_2020, title={PEI/GO-codecorated poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) fiber as a carrier to support iron ions and its catalytic performance for methylene blue decolorization}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1520-5738"]}, DOI={10.1080/10601325.2020.1735940}, abstractNote={Abstract Dyes wastewater has caused some severe environmental problems; thus, it is necessary to develop new materials that can stably and efficiently purify dyes wastewater. In this work, polyethyleneimine and graphene oxide were selected as a salt-forming agent and an inorganic filler to tune the structure of poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) fiber to what a good carrier really needs, and the well-structured fiber was then transformed into a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst by immobilizing iron ions onto its rough surface and porous body through coordination. This special structure could considerably help raise iron ions loading ratio and ferrous ions content and reduce iron ions leaching-out. The obtained fibrous catalyst has excellent reusability in catalytically decolorizing methylene blue (MB) solution. More than 94% of MB was decolorized within 7 min after eight cycles, and the total organic carbon of MB solution decreased from the original 10.9 to 8.7 mg·L−1. The decomposition of MB into smaller organic substances happened and caused the decolorization. When compared with other catalysts, the fiber prepared here could be repeatedly used to decolorize more MB within a shorter time in the presence of less H2O2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY}, author={Chen, Shunqiang and Xu, Naiku and Ren, Mengru and Xiao, Changfa and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={531–543} }
 @article{hao_xu_feng_chen_xiao_zhang_2020, title={Polyacrylonitrile homogeneous blend hollow fiber membrane with stable structure as a substrate to support Fe/Mn oxide and its enhanced capability to purify dye wastewater}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2191-0340"]}, DOI={10.1515/polyeng-2019-0378}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Blending different molecular weight polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was adopted to solve the shrinkage problem of high molecular weight PAN hollow fiber membrane, to enhance the application performance of low molecular weight PAN membrane, and to adjust the porosity, pore size distribution, and hydrophilicity of the end product. The structurally-optimized membrane was chosen as a substrate to support Fe/Mn oxides and then used as a reactor to remove dyes from their solutions in the presence of H2O2. The results showed that the flux of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was 83.7 L/m2 h for the PAN homogeneous blend membrane, much higher than 29.1 L/m2 h of high molecular weight PAN membrane; MB removal efficiency was 97.3%, higher than 62.3% of low molecular weight PAN membrane, and it could be reused 25 times to remove dyes from their solutions without any loss in removal efficiency. The membrane was also found to have the application advantages of decreasing H2O2 dosage, reducing operation pressure, and raising MB removal efficiency compared with other membranes reported in the pieces of literature. Therefore, we were confident that the hollow fiber membrane fabricated by us would exhibit great application potential in the field of decontaminating dye wastewater.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING}, author={Hao, Zhifen and Xu, Naiku and Feng, Yan and Chen, Yu and Xiao, Changfa and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={469–479} }
 @article{dirican_yanilmaz_asiri_zhang_2020, title={Polyaniline/MnO2/porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for supercapacitors}, volume={861}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113995}, DOI={10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113995}, abstractNote={Free-standing [email protected]2@porous carbon nanofiber ([email protected]2@PCNF) supercapacitor electrodes were fabricated through the electrodeposition of MnO2 nanoparticles onto electrospun PCNFs and subsequent chemical polymerization of aniline on the MnO2@PCNF composite. The introduced [email protected]2@PCNF electrodes combined the high pseudo capacitance of both MnO2 nanoparticles and conducting PANI polymer with the good cycling stability of PCNFs, and hence they exhibited high capacitance retention (91%) after 1000 cycles with high capacitance of 289 F/g. In order to further improve the performance, asymmetric cell configuration was employed by using [email protected]2@PCNF and PCNF electrodes. Electrochemical test results showed that asymmetric cell configuration led to improved energy density (119 Wh/kg) as well as power density (322 W/kg). It is, therefore, demonstrated that binder-free [email protected]2@PCNF composites are promising electrode candidate for high-performance supercapacitor applications.}, journal={Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Asiri, Abdullah M. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={113995} }
 @article{ma_fan_dirican_song_zhang_shi_2020, title={Porous carbon nanosheets derived from expanded graphite for supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-020-05154-9}, number={34}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Ma, Chang and Fan, Qingchao and Dirican, Mahmut and Song, Yan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Shi, Jingli}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={16323–16333} }
 @article{cheng_hu_wu_xing_pan_jiang_mao_ni_wang_zhang_et al._2020, title={Si/TiO2/Ti2O3 composite carbon nanofiber by one-step heat treatment with highly enhanced ion/electron diffusion rates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries}, volume={337}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135789}, abstractNote={Silicon anodes are one of the most promising candidate materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Unfortunately, the poor conductivity of silicon and large volume expansion (>400%) during the cycle restrict its commercialization. Herein, we combine Si with stable TiO2 and electrically conductive Ti2O3 to significantly increase the capacity and cycle stability of the Si-based anodes. The preparation of a Si/TiO2/Ti2O3-Carbon Nanofiber (denoted as STTC) composite via mechanical blending, electrospinning and subsequent carbonization of Si, TiO2, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). This material exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 924 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles of 1 A g−1 current density. Moreover, it also exhibits excellent rate performance even at current densities of 6 A g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be ascribed to Ti2O3 generates in the carbonization process has high ion diffusivity and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the disordered frame of TiO2/Ti2O3 forms voids, which can alleviate the volume expansion of silicon, maintain the electrode integrity during charge and discharge, and form a thin and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Additionally, the conductive frame of carbon nanofibers also significantly improves the ion and electron conductivity of the complete electrode.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Cheng, Zhongling and Hu, Yi and Wu, Keshi and Xing, Yusheng and Pan, Peng and Jiang, Liyuan and Mao, Jieting and Ni, Changke and Wang, Zixi and Zhang, Mengmeng and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{huang_wang_zuo_zhao_zhang_gu_2020, title={The effects of reheating process on the electrochemical properties of single crystal LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2}, volume={345}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2019.115200}, abstractNote={Single crystal primary LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials were successfully synthesized via a developed ball milled route and followed by a proper reheating process. The influences of ball milling and reheating processes on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode material were investigated by X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemial tests. The results showed that the reheating process was the key to obtain fine single crystal particles with excellent electrochemical properties. The single crystal primary LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 exhibited a discharge capacity of 179.7 mAh g−1 at 1.0C, and sightly decreased to 173.4 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, with the excellent capacity retention of 96.5%. The low increases of resistance and high lithium ions diffusion coefficient all illustrated the single crystal particles had good lithium ion kinetic properties.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Huang, Bing and Wang, Meng and Zuo, Yuxiang and Zhao, Zhiyuan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Gu, Yijie}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{kim_ramalingam_balakumar_zhang_gao_son_bradford_2019, title={AgNP/crystalline PANI/EBP-composite-based supercapacitor electrode with internal chemical interactions}, volume={136}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924632/}, DOI={10.1002/app.48164}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTIn this article, polyaniline (PANI) was conformally coated on epoxide‐functionalized buckypaper (EBP). Because of the presence of epoxide functional groups, chemical interactions occurred between oxygen in the epoxide groups and NH in the PANI. These chemical interactions were identified by peak shifts and intensity changes in Raman spectra. Additionally, crystalline peaks were clearly observed through X‐ray diffraction. However, Raman peak changes or crystalline peaks were not observed in nonfunctionalized buckypaper (purified pristine buckypaper [PPBP])‐based composites. Both hydrogen bonding and crystalline nature of EBP‐PANI enhanced its electrical conductivity, producing a specific capacitance better than that of PPBP‐PANI. Finally, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were applied to EBP‐PANI to further enhance its electrical conductivity. Owing to the presence of AgNPs and their interactions with the N in PANI, the specific capacitance of EBP‐PANI‐AgNP reached 915.62 F/g. These results emphasize the positive effect of chemical interactions and crystalline nature of EBP‐based composites on their electrochemical performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48164.}, number={44}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Kim, Hyungjoo and Ramalingam, Manivannan and Balakumar, Vellaichamy and Zhang, Xiangwu and Gao, Wei and Son, Young-A and Bradford, Philip D.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{stoll_scholle_zhu_zhang_ghiladi_2019, title={BODIPY-embedded electrospun materials in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation}, volume={18}, ISSN={1474-905X 1474-9092}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9PP00103D}, DOI={10.1039/c9pp00103d}, abstractNote={Drug-resistant pathogens, particularly those that result in hospital acquired infections (HAIs), have emerged as a critical priority for the World Health Organization. To address the need for self-disinfecting materials to counter the threat posed by the transmission of these pathogens from surfaces to new hosts, here we investigated if a cationic BODIPY photosensitizer, embedded via electrospinning into nylon and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, was capable of inactivating both bacteria and viruses via antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). Materials characterization, including fiber morphology and the degree of photosensitizer loading, was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and demonstrated that the materials were comprised of nanofibers (125–215 nm avg. diameter) that were thermostable to >300 °C. The antimicrobial potencies of the resultant Nylon-BODIPY ^(+) and PAN-BODIPY ^(+) nanofiber materials were evaluated against four strains of bacteria recognized by the World Health Organization as either critical or high priority pathogens: Gram-positive strains methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC BAA-44) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE; ATCC BAA-2320), and Gram-negative strains multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB; ATCC BAA-1605) and NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae (KP; ATCC BAA-2146). Our results demonstrated the detection limit (99.9999%; 6 log units reduction in CFU mL^−1) photodynamic inactivation of three strains upon illumination (30–60 min; 40–65 ± 5 mW cm^−2; 400–700 nm): MRSA, VRE, and MDRAB, but only minimal inactivation (47–75%) of KP. Antiviral studies employing PAN-BODIPY ^(+) against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a model enveloped virus, revealed complete inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrate the potential for electrospun BODIPY ^(+)-embedded nanofiber materials as the basis for pathogen-specific anti-infective materials, even at low photosensitizer loadings.}, number={8}, journal={Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Stoll, Kevin R. and Scholle, Frank and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Ghiladi, Reza A.}, year={2019}, pages={1923–1932} }
 @article{binding conductive ink initiatively and strongly: transparent and thermally stable cellulose nanopaper as a promising substrate for flexible electronics_2019, url={https://publons.com/publon/14480246/}, DOI={10.1021/ACSAMI.9B04596}, abstractNote={For flexible electronics, the substrates play key roles in ensuring their performance. However, most substrates suffer from weak bonding with the conductive ink and need additional aids. Here, inspired by the Ag-S bond theory, a novel cellulose nanopaper substrate is presented to improve the bond strength with the Ag nanoparticle ink through a facile printing method. The substrate is fabricated using thiol-modified nanofibrillated cellulose and exhibits excellent optical properties (∼85%@550 nm), ultra-small surface roughness (3.47 nm), and high thermal dimensional stability (up to at least 90 °C). Most importantly, it can attract Ag nanoparticles initiatively and bind them firmly, which enable the conductive ink to be printed without using the ink binder and form a strong substrate-ink bonding and maintain a stable conductivity of 2 × 10-4 Ω cm even after extensive peeling and bending. This work may lead to exploring new opportunities to fabricate high-performance flexible electronics using the newly developed nanopaper substrate.}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, year={2019} }
 @article{chen_dirican_zhang_2019, title={CENTRIFUGAL SPINNING-HIGH RATE PRODUCTION OF NANOFIBERS}, ISBN={["978-0-323-51270-1"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924630/}, DOI={10.1016/B978-0-323-51270-1.00010-8}, abstractNote={Nanofibers have attracted tremendous attention due to their flexibility, large surface area, and ease of modification, and they have been widely utilized in different applications such as filtration, tissue engineering, drug delivery, protective clothing, energy storage, etc. At this writing, the most commonly used method to produce nanofibers is electrospinning. However, the utilization of a high-voltage setup and the low production rate have become barriers to its use in large scale. Centrifugal spinning is an efficient approach to producing nanofibers from various materials. During centrifugal spinning, the polymer solution or polymer melt is ejected out of the rotating spinning head, and when the centrifugal force overcomes the surface tension of the polymer liquid material, the polymer jet undergoes a stretching process and is eventually deposited on the collector, forming solidified nanofibers. This chapter gives an overview of the history, working mechanism, influential parameters, and various applications of the centrifugal spinning method.}, journal={ELECTROSPINNING: NANOFABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS}, author={Chen, Chen and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2019}, pages={321–338} }
 @article{jia_dirican_aksu_sun_chen_zhu_zhu_yan_li_ge_et al._2019, title={Carbon-enhanced centrifugally-spun SnSb/carbon microfiber composite as advanced anode material for sodium-ion battery}, volume={536}, ISSN={["1095-7103"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924626/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.101}, abstractNote={Antimony tin (SnSb) based materials have become increasingly attractive as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their prominent merit of high capacity. However, cyclic stability and rate capability of SnSb anodes are currently hindered by their large volume change during repeated cycling, which results in severe capacity fading. Herein, we introduce carbon-coated centrifugally-spun [email protected] microfiber (CMF) composites as high-performance anodes for SIBs that can maintain their structural stability during repeated charge-discharge cycles. The centrifugal spinning method was performed to fabricate [email protected] due to its high speed, low cost, and large-scale fabrication features. More importantly, extra carbon coating by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been demonstrated as an effective method to improve the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of the [email protected] anode. Electrochemical test results indicated that the as-prepared [email protected]@C anode could deliver a large reversible capacity of 798 mA h∙g−1 at the 20th cycle as well as a high capacity retention of 86.8% and excellent Coulombic efficiency of 98.1% at the 100th cycle. It is, therefore, demonstrated that [email protected]@C composite is a promising anode material candidate for future high-performance SIBs.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Aksu, Cemile and Sun, Na and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Li, Ya and Ge, Yeqian and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={655–663} }
 @article{yanilmaz_asiri_zhang_2020, title={Centrifugally spun porous carbon microfibers as interlayer for Li-S batteries}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-019-04215-y}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Asiri, Abdullah M. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={3538–3548} }
 @article{dirican_yan_zhu_zhang_2019, title={Composite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries}, volume={136}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2018.10.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.mser.2018.10.004}, abstractNote={Compared to currently used liquid-electrolyte lithium batteries, all-solid-state lithium batteries are safer and possess longer cycle life and have less requirements on packaging and state-of-charge monitoring circuits. Among various types of solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes, which are composed of active or passive inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, have been considered as promising electrolyte candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Incorporation of inorganic fillers into the polymer matrices has been demonstrated as an effective method to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrodes. In this review article, we first summarize the historical development of composite solid electrolytes. Contribution of both inert inorganic fillers and active Li-ion conductors to the ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and mechanical properties of the composite solid electrolytes are elaborated. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by inorganic fillers are broadly discussed. Examples of different composite solid electrolyte design concepts, such as inorganic nanoparticle/polymer, inorganic nanofiber/polymer, and other inorganic/polymer composite solid electrolytes, are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Inorganic filler/polymer composite solid electrolytes studied for use in various Li battery systems including Li-ion, Li-sulfur, and Li-metal batteries are evaluated. Promising designs of composite solid electrolytes and cathode materials used in all-solid-state Li batteries are also introduced. Finally, future perspectives on current requirements of composite solid electrolyte technologies are highlighted.}, journal={Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhu, Pei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={27–46} }
 @article{zhu_yan_zhu_zang_jia_dong_du_zhang_wu_dirican_et al._2019, title={Flexible electrolyte-cathode bilayer framework with stabilized interface for room-temperature all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={17}, ISSN={["2405-8297"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/9539991/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2018.11.009}, abstractNote={Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising next-generation energy storage system beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and high energy density. However, liquid electrolyte-based LSBs suffer from “polysulfide shuttle”, and safety concerns originated from the use of flammable organic electrolytes and the formation of lithium dendrites. Herein, we report a novel bilayer framework through integrating a three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanofiber/sulfur (CNF/S) cathode with one-dimensional (1D) ceramic Li0.33La0.557TiO3 (LLTO) nanofiber-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid composite electrolyte to serve as both cathode and electrolyte for room-temperature ASSLSBs. The stabilized cycling performance of this novel bilayer structure design lies in the reduced interfacial resistance and enhanced electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability due to the addition of Li+ conducting 1D LLTO nanofibers, as well as the formed fast-continuous electron/ion transportation pathways within the 3D cathode architecture. Meanwhile, the mechanically robust bilayer framework with micro-/meso-pores could also accommodate the large volume change of sulfur during continuous charge-discharge process and help suppress the Li dendrite formation. As a result of the aforementioned benefits of the novel bilayer structure design, the introduced ASSLSBs could deliver a stable cycling performance at room temperature with high Coulombic efficiency of over 99%.}, journal={ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS}, author={Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zang, Jun and Jia, Hao and Dong, Xia and Du, Zhuang and Zhang, Chunming and Wu, Nianqiang and Dirican, Mahmut and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={220–225} }
 @article{yanilmaz_dirican_asiri_zhang_2019, title={Flexible polyaniline-carbon nanofiber supercapacitor electrodes}, volume={24}, ISSN={["2352-152X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/22573151/}, DOI={10.1016/j.est.2019.100766}, abstractNote={Flexible polyaniline-carbon nanofiber (PANI-CNF) composites were fabricated and evaluated for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Sol-gel and electrospinning techniques were employed to produce flexible carbon nanofibers and polyaniline coating was applied via in-situ chemical polymerization to further improve the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. The performance of flexible PANI-CNF electrodes was investigated in symmetric supercapacitor cells. Results showed that binder-free flexible PANI-CNF electrodes had high capacitance of 234 F/g and excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of about 90% after 1000 cycles. Ragone plots were also presented and a high energy density of 32 Wh/kg at the power density of 500 W/kg was achieved for the flexible PANI-CNF electrode prepared with 12 h polymerization. In addition, mechanical tests demonstrated that free-standing PANI-CNF electrodes were durable and highly flexible. Therefore, combining sol-gel and electrospinning techniques is a facile and effective way to achieve flexible carbon nanofiber electrodes and this work provides a new approach for designing flexible electrodes with exceptional electrochemical performance, which is very promising for practical application in the energy storage field.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Dirican, Mahmut and Asiri, Abdullah M. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
 @article{yildiz_dirican_fang_fu_jia_stano_zhang_bradford_2019, title={Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Fabrics with Sacrificial Nanofibers for Flexible High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes}, volume={166}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924627/}, DOI={10.1149/2.0821902jes}, abstractNote={Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of its highest known theoretical charge capacity (4,200 mAh g−1). However, it has found limited application in commercial batteries because of the significant volume change (up to 400%) of silicon during cycling, which results in pulverization and capacity fading. Here, we present a new method to develop a silicon - carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid anode architecture using CNT-polymer nanofiber hybridization method. The anode material is produced by electrospinning PMMA-Si nanofibers onto aligned CNT sheets, which are drawn on a grounded, rotating take-up roller, and then subsequently decomposing the PMMA electrospun fibers at elevated temperature to create a uniform distribution of Si particles within the CNT sheets. The whole structure is then coated with pyrolytic carbon via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The architecture provides sufficient space to accommodate the volume expansion of the Si nanoparticles. The CVD pyrolytic carbon coating helps to anchor the Si nanoparticles within CNT sheets and stabilize solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation. The novel freestanding, binder free CNT-Si-C sheet hybrid exhibited improved performance in terms of excellent cycling capacity (1470 mAh g−1), high coulombic efficiency (98%), and good capacity retention of 88% after 150 cycles.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Yildiz, Ozkan and Dirican, Mahmut and Fang, Xiaomeng and Fu, Kun and Jia, Hao and Stano, Kelly and Zhang, Xiangwu and Bradford, Philip D.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={A473–A479} }
 @article{surendran_shanmugapriya_zhu_yan_vignesh_lee_zhang_selvan_2019, title={Hydrothermally synthesised NiCoP nanostructures and electrospun N-doped carbon nanofiber as multifunctional potential electrode for hybrid water electrolyser and supercapatteries}, volume={296}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/21201014/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.078}, abstractNote={In this work, a facile single-step hydrothermal technique is used to prepare a spherically concomitant foamy NiCoP as positrode for supercapatteries. Similarly, the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers are prepared by simple electrospinning technique to use as negatrode. The prepared materials are raptly examined through primary studies for both energy conversion and storage applications. Fascinatingly, NiCoP electrode encourages oxygen evolution reaction, and the carbon nanofiber electrode emboldens hydrogen evolution reaction with the minimum overpotential of 257 mV and 160 mV, respectively. In addition, a supercapattery is designed and operated at a full voltage window of 1.6 V using the fusion of carbon nanofiber as the negatrode and the cutting-edge NiCoP as the positrode, which presents a superior energy (56 Wh kg−1) and an improved power density (5333 W kg−1) with a long cyclic stability (5000 cycles). Finally, the fabricated supercapattery device is used to power the constructed hybrid water electrolyser that requisites a low cell voltage of 1.71 V to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Overall, the prepared electrodes reveal its superiority of handling the multifunctional challenges for both water electrolyzer and supercapatteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Surendran, Subramani and Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Vignesh, Ramasamy Hari and Lee, Yun Sung and Zhang, Xiangwu and Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1083–1094} }
 @article{shanmugapriya_zhu_yan_asiri_zhang_selvan_2019, title={Multifunctional High-Performance Electrocatalytic Properties of Nb2O5 Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Pt Support Catalyst}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2196-7350"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/22082964/}, DOI={10.1002/admi.201900565}, abstractNote={AbstractDesigning an electrocatalyst by integrating multiple classes of materials is an effective strategy for reinforcing the electrode properties. This study demonstrates a facile electrospinning technique for functionalizing the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with Nb2O5 co‐catalyst as the support material for platinum nanoparticles. The resultant Nb CNF‐Pt electrode has a sensible Pt loading of 30 µg cm−2 and manifests high catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Nb CNF‐Pt outperforms the commercial 20 wt% Pt loaded carbon with high positive onset potential (0.99 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and half‐wave potential (0.87 V vs RHE) during ORR. It also provides large electrochemical active surface area (94.19 m2 g−1) and mass activity (783.34 mA mg−1) during MOR. Furthermore, the Nb CNF‐Pt electrode demands an extremely minimal overpotential of 37 and 325 mV and a Tafel slope of 38 and 81 mV dec−1 for HER and OER, respectively. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Nb CNF‐Pt is attributed to the strong metal–support interaction between Nb2O5 and Pt, resulting in a uniform loading of Pt NPs with reduced particle size and agglomeration‐free distribution.}, number={17}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES}, author={Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Asiri, Abdullah M. and Zhang, Xiangwu and Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @article{chen_xu_zeng_ma_wang_liu_wang_zhang_qiu_2019, title={Quantification on Growing Mass of Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Deposited Mn(II) on the Silicon Anode of LiMn2O4 Full Lithium-Ion Cells}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07400}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.9b07400}, abstractNote={Silicon is considered to be one of the most important materials for high-energy density anode materials of the next generation lithium-ion batteries. A large number of studies have greatly promoted the practical process of silicon anode, but all of them are experimental results in metal lithium half batteries. There is still an unavoidable problem in commercial application: What is the performance of the full cell composed of silicon anode and manganese-based material cathode? In this paper, the growing SEI and being deposited manganese ions of silicon anode's surface of the spinel lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4/silicon full cells are quantitatively studied during electrochemical cycling, and the SEI performances are tested by DSC to find out the reason for the rapid decline of reversible capacity in LiMn2O4/silicon system. The experimental results show that manganese ions can make SEI film rapidly grow on silicon anode, and make SEI film more brittle, which results in silicon anode lower Coulombic efficiency and rapid decline of capacity.}, number={31}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Chen, Haihui and Xu, Hanying and Zeng, Yingying and Ma, Tianyi and Wang, Wei and Liu, Limin and Wang, Fang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Qiu, Xinping}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={27839–27845} }
 @article{zhu_zhu_yan_dong_zhang_2019, title={Recent progress in polymer materials for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={90}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.002}, abstractNote={Polymers play essential roles in the research and development of rechargeable batteries, especially, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries which have been considered as a promising candidate of the next-generation power supply mainly because of their high theoretical energy density (up to five-fold compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries). However, practical applications of Li-S batteries are mainly hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and its intermediates, the polysulfide shuttle effect, and the formation and growth of lithium dendrites. Polymer materials play an important role in addressing these issues of Li-S batteries and their structures and functionalities can be manipulated to control the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries (e.g., cylability, rate capability, lifespan, etc.). In this review, we concentrate on the recent development of various polymer materials for Li-S batteries. It starts with a brief introduction of the Li-S battery followed by its fundamental electrochemistry and challenges. Significant attention is then paid to the applications of various polymers in each component of Li-S batteries with a focus on the mechanisms behind their operation which are presented and further discussed from five perspectives: i) polymers in cathodes, ii) polymer electrolytes, iii) polymer interlayers, iv) polymer separators, and v) polymers for the lithium metal anode protection. The aim is to present a detailed review of the critical aspects related to the functional polymers that can be used as important resources for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with Li-S batteries. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are presented.}, journal={Progress in Polymer Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Dong, Xia and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={118–163} }
 @article{jia_dirican_sun_chen_zhu_yan_dong_du_guo_karaduman_et al._2019, title={SnS hollow nanofibers as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with high capacity and ultra-long cycling stability}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1364-548X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/2973443/}, DOI={10.1039/c8cc07332e}, abstractNote={In this study, a novel anode material of SnS hollow nanofibers (SnS HNFs) was rationally synthesized by a facile process and demonstrated to be a promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries.}, number={4}, journal={CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Sun, Na and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Dong, Xia and Du, Zhuang and Guo, Jiansheng and Karaduman, Yekta and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={505–508} }
 @article{zhao_wang_li_zhang_tian_zhang_liu_qu_zhu_2020, title={Washable, durable and flame retardant conductive textiles based on reduced graphene oxide modification}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-019-02884-1}, abstractNote={Graphene has been highlighted in a variety of wearable electronics and smart textiles applications due to its unique properties such as high conductivity, transparency, flexibility and other excellent mechanical performance. Although there have been extensive efforts for graphene based conductive fibers/yarns, there are remaining challenges in terms of the seamless integration between 2D flakes, and reduced charge transport in a lower carrier concentration. Unstable resistance probably arises from the creation of gaps in the conductive parts of the smart textile. Also, regional temperatures can get too high, constituting a fire-safety hazard and endangering the wearer's safety. In this work, the synergistic effect of graphene and flame-retardant materials was investigated, and a conductive fabric was developed which is highly conductive and flame retardancy. Graphene has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and acts synergistically with traditional flame-retardants on common fabrics. The electrical surface resistivity of hybrid material modified fabrics was as low as 0.54 kΩ/sq, so they could serve as safe and highly conductive conductor in a simple circuit and show excellent wash-ability. The limiting oxygen index of the fabric increased from 19 to 32 after modification in conjunction with the residue at 800 °C increased from 17.9 to 31%, which could be used as safe and highly conductive materials for smart textiles and wearable devices.}, number={3}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Zhao, Yintao and Wang, Jin and Li, Zengqing and Zhang, Xiangwu and Tian, Mingwei and Zhang, Xiansheng and Liu, Xuqing and Qu, Lijun and Zhu, Shifeng}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={1763–1771} }
 @inproceedings{a novel bi-functional double-layer rgo–pvdf/pvdf composite nanofiber membrane separator with enhanced thermal stability and effective polysulfide inhibition for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries_2018, booktitle={13th Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @article{jia_dirican_sun_chen_yan_zhu_dong_du_cheng_guo_et al._2019, title={Advanced ZnSnS3@rGO Anode Material for Superior Sodium-Ion and Lithium-Ion Storage with Ultralong Cycle Life}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2196-0216"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924629/}, DOI={10.1002/celc.201801333}, abstractNote={AbstractA novel and facile approach has been utilized to synthesize zinc tin sulfide@reduced graphene oxide (ZnSnS3@rGO) through aqueous reaction of Na2SnO3 and Zn(CH3COO)2, combined with a subsequent solvothermal reaction and an annealing process. The as‐prepared ZnSnS3@rGO nanocomposite exhibited an excellent sodium‐ and lithium‐ion‐storage performance with large specific capacity, high rate capability, and ultralong cycle life. When used in Na‐ion cells, the ZnSnS3@rGO nanocomposite delivered a capacity of 472.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and retained a specific capacity of 401.2 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. In Li‐ion cells, the ZnSnS3@rGO nanocomposite delivered a capacity of 959.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and maintained a specific capacity of 551.3 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 1 A g−1 upon 500 cycles. The electrochemical performance results reveal that the integration of uniformly dispersed metal elements and an interconnected carbon matrix could help release the stress of volumetric excursion and provide fast electron/ion transport, leading to a remarkable electrochemical performance.}, number={4}, journal={CHEMELECTROCHEM}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Sun, Na and Chen, Chen and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhu, Pei and Dong, Xia and Du, Zhuang and Cheng, Hui and Guo, Jiansheng and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1183–1191} }
 @article{selva_zhu_yan_zhu_dirican_shanmugavani_lee_zhang_2018, title={Biomass-derived porous carbon modified glass fiber separator as polysulfide reservoir for Li-S batteries}, volume={513}, ISSN={["1095-7103"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.016}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.016}, abstractNote={Biomass-derived porous carbon has been considered as a promising sulfur host material for lithium-sulfur batteries because of its high conductive nature and large porosity. The present study explored biomass-derived porous carbon as polysulfide reservoir to modify the surface of glass fiber (GF) separator. Two different carbons were prepared from Oak Tree fruit shells by carbonization with and without KOH activation. The KOH activated porous carbon (AC) provides a much higher surface area (796 m2 g-1) than pyrolized carbon (PC) (334 m2 g-1). The R factor value, calculated from the X-ray diffraction pattern, revealed that the activated porous carbon contains more single-layer sheets with a lower degree of graphitization. Raman spectra also confirmed the presence of sp3-hybridized carbon in the activated carbon structure. The COH functional group was identified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the polysulfide capture. Simple and straightforward coating of biomass-derived porous carbon onto the GF separator led to an improved electrochemical performance in Li-S cells. The Li-S cell assembled with porous carbon modified GF separator (ACGF) demonstrated an initial capacity of 1324 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, which was 875 mAh g-1 for uncoated GF separator (calculated based on the 2nd cycle). Charge transfer resistance (Rct) values further confirmed the high ionic conductivity nature of porous carbon modified separators. Overall, the biomass-derived activated porous carbon can be considered as a promising alternative material for the polysulfide inhibition in Li-S batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Selva, Ramakrishnan Kalai and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoi and Zhu, Jiadeng and Dirican, Mahmut and Shanmugavani, A. and Lee, Yun Sung and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={231–239} }
 @article{jia_dirican_chen_zhu_yan_dong_du_guo_wang_tang_et al._2018, title={Carbon-coated CoS@rGO anode material with enhanced cyclic stability for sodium storage}, volume={233}, ISSN={["1873-4979"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924642/}, DOI={10.1016/J.MATLET.2018.08.150}, abstractNote={Carbon-coated cobalt [email protected] graphene oxide ([email protected]@C) composite was innovatively synthesized by a simple solvothermal reaction and subsequent carbon coating process for use as the anode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this composite structure, the rGO network and extra outer carbon coating worked synergically to achieve excellent electrode architecture stability upon long-term cycling. Specifically, the [email protected]@C composite anode demonstrated superior reversible capacity (706 mAh·g−1 at 100 mA·g−1 at the 1st cycle), high rate capability (374 mAh·g−1 at 1.6 A·g−1), and remarkably stable cycling performance (80% capacity preservation for up to 100 cycles) based on the synergistic action of rGO and carbon coating on CoS. In addition to improving the electrochemical performance of CoS anodes, this composite material strategy can be conveniently adapted to other metal-based anode designs to improve their cycling stability and promote their application in energy storage.}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Dong, Xia and Du, Zhuang and Guo, Jiansheng and Wang, Jiasheng and Tang, Fangcheng and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={158–161} }
 @article{jia_chen_oladele_tang_li_zhang_yan_2018, title={Cobalt doping of tin disulfide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for enhanced pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2399-3669"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924643/}, DOI={10.1038/s42004-018-0086-z}, abstractNote={AbstractRechargeable sodium-ion batteries are receiving intense interest as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, however, the absence of high-performance anode materials limits their further commercialization. Here we prepare cobalt-doped tin disulfide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. These nanocomposites maintain a capacity of 636.2 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles under a current density of 50 mA g−1, and display a capacity of 328.3 mA h g−1 after 1500 cycles under a current density of 2 A g−1. The quantitative capacitive analysis demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite originates from the combined effects of cobalt and sulfur doping, resulting in the enhanced pseudocapacitive contribution (52.8 to 89.8% at 1 mV s−1) of tin disulfide. This work provides insight into tuning the structure of layered transition metal dichalcogenides via heteroatom doping to develop high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY}, author={Jia, Hao and Chen, Chen and Oladele, Olabode and Tang, Yongan and Li, Guoqing and Zhang, Xiangwu and Yan, Fei}, year={2018}, month={Nov} }
 @article{fu_padbury_toprakci_dirican_zhang_2018, title={Conductive textiles}, ISBN={["978-0-08-101273-4"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924634/}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-08-101273-4.00017-2}, abstractNote={With the rapid development of flexible electronics, conductive textiles are becoming important building blocks for wearables in broad applications. Different from conventional textiles, conductive textiles require fabrics to have a basic wearable function as well as electrical conductivity. Conductive textiles have been used in applications such as antistatic, electromagnetic (EM) shielding, and e-textiles. In this chapter, we introduce the fundamental principles of conductive textiles and review recent developments of advanced conductive coating technologies and their applications in antistatic, EM shielding, and e-textiles.}, journal={ENGINEERING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE TEXTILES}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Fu, K. and Padbury, R. and Toprakci, O. and Dirican, M. and Zhang, X.}, year={2018}, pages={305–334} }
 @article{zhu_zang_zhu_lu_chen_jiang_yan_dirican_selvan_kim_et al._2018, title={Effect of reduced graphene oxide reduction degree on the performance of polysulfide rejection in lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={126}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/1678921/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.063}, abstractNote={Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as a promising candidate for large-scale applications such as electrical vehicles (EVs) because of their high theoretical capacity, large energy density and low cost. However, due to the shuttling effect of polysulfides, the continuous capacity fading during cycling remains a substantial bumper for the practical use of Li-S batteries. Here, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) materials with different reduction degrees were used as the polysulfide inhibitor and were coated onto glass fiber separators to minimize the shutting of polysulfides. The influence of reduction degree on the effort of polysulfide rejection was investigated. The incorporation of rGO coating with higher reduction degree largely minimized the polysulfide shuttling, thus the Li-S cells with separators modified with high-reduction degree rGO was able to maintain a capacity of 733 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and delivered a high capacity of 519 mAh g−1 at 2C, which were 42% and 90% higher than those of cells with separators coated with low-reduction degree rGO. Therefore, it was found that rGO with higher reduction degree demonstrated better polysulfide rejection performance than rGO with lower reduction degree. This study provides a promising strategy in the rGO selection for high-performance Li-S batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Pei and Zang, Jun and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Jiang, Mengjin and Yan, Chaoyi and Dirican, Mahmut and Selvan, R. Kalai and Kim, David and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={594–600} }
 @article{jia_sun_dirican_li_chen_zhu_yan_zang_guo_tao_et al._2018, title={Electrospun Kraft Lignin/Cellulose Acetate-Derived Nanocarbon Network as an Anode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924644/}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.8b13033}, abstractNote={An innovative nanocarbon network material was synthesized from electrospun kraft lignin and cellulose acetate blend nanofibers after carbonization at 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and its electrochemical performance was evaluated as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Apart from its unique network architecture, introduced carbon material possesses high oxygen content of 13.26%, wide interplanar spacing of 0.384 nm, and large specific surface area of 540.95 m2·g-1. The electrochemical test results demonstrate that this new nanocarbon network structure delivers a reversible capacity of 340 mA h·g-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g-1 after 200 cycles and exhibits a high rate capacity by delivering a capacity of 103 mA h·g-1 at an increased current density of 400 mA·g-1. The present work rendered an innovative approach for preparing nanocarbon materials for energy-storage applications and could open up new avenues for novel nanocarbon fabrication from green and environmentally friendly raw materials.}, number={51}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Jia, Hao and Sun, Na and Dirican, Mahmut and Li, Ya and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Zang, Jun and Guo, Jiansheng and Tao, Jinsong and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={44368–44375} }
 @article{li_zhu_zhu_yan_jia_kiyak_zang_he_dirican_zhang_et al._2018, title={Glass fiber separator coated by porous carbon nanofiber derived from immiscible PAN/PMMA for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={552}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924636/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.062}, abstractNote={Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high energy density are promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable energy storage. However, the shuttle effect of intermediate polysulfides hinders the practical application of today's Li-S batteries. Here, immiscible polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were used to prepare porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) as coating layers on a glass fiber (GF) separator to block polysulfide diffusion in Li-S batteries. The resultant PCNF coated GF ([email protected]) separators exhibited multifunctional advantages: (1) thermally stable GF separator as the substrate helped avoid destructive effects of Li dendrites grown from the lithium anode; (2) the porous conductive PCNF coating functioned as an upper current collector to increase the electrical conductivity and provided an efficient reservoir for absorbing the migrating polysulfides; and (3) the rough GF surface improved the adhesion of additives on the separator and formed efficient electronic contact with S. An enhanced Li-S battery with [email protected]:3 separator delivered an initial capacity of 1499 mA h g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 808 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Additionally, the Li-S cell with [email protected] separator also presented outstanding anti-self-discharge capacity even after 24 h resting. Therefore, this study demonstrates that [email protected] is an excellent separator candidate for the construction of dynamically and statically stable high-performance Li-S batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Ya and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Jia, Hao and Kiyak, Yasar and Zang, Jun and He, Jihuan and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={31–42} }
 @article{li_zhu_zhu_yan_jia_kiyak_zang_he_dirican_zhang_2018, title={Glass fiber separator coated by porous carbon nanofiber derived from immiscible PAN/PMMA for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={552}, journal={Journal of Membrane Science}, author={Li, Y. and Zhu, J. D. and Zhu, P. and Yan, C. Y. and Jia, H. and Kiyak, Y. and Zang, J. and He, J. H. and Dirican, M. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{jia_dirican_zhu_chen_yan_zhu_li_guo_caydamli_zhang_et al._2018, title={High-performance SnSb@rGO@CMF composites as anode material for sodium-ion batteries through high-speed centrifugal spinning}, volume={752}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.141}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.141}, abstractNote={Antimony tin alloy (SnSb) has been regarded as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its high capacity. However, the rapid capacity decay of SnSb anodes caused by volume changes during repeated cycles must be solved before they can be used in practical batteries. Here, we introduce centrifugally-spun [email protected]@CMF composite anode for sodium-ion batteries, which not only has high sodium storage capability but also maintains its structural integrity after repetitive cycles. [email protected]@CMF composite was prepared by high-speed and cost-effective centrifugal spinning and subsequent heat treatment processes. Electrochemical performance results demonstrated that [email protected]@CMF composite anode had excellent initial reversible capacity (350.3 mAh g−1), outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency (68.2%), and superior capacity retention (91.1%) over 200 cycles at 50 mA g−1. Therefore, centrifugally-spun [email protected][email protected] composite has great application prospect as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Yan, Chaoyi and Zhu, Pei and Li, Ya and Guo, Jiansheng and Caydamli, Yavuz and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={296–302} }
 @article{jia_dirican_zhu_chen_yan_zhu_li_guo_caydamli_zhang_2018, title={High-performance SnSb@rGO@CMF composites as anode material for sodium-ion batteries through high-speed centrifugal spinning}, volume={752}, journal={Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, author={Jia, H. and Dirican, M. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Yan, C. Y. and Zhu, P. and Li, Y. and Guo, J. S. and Caydamli, Y. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{zang_ye_qian_lin_zhang_zheng_dong_2018, title={Hollow carbon sphere with open pore encapsulated MnO2 nanosheets as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/18842624/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.037}, abstractNote={A new structured hollow carbon spheres with an open pore (HCSO) were synthesized by introducing a pore-forming agent PEG. Unlike the conventional hollow particles, the void space is fully utilized due to the presence of the open pore. As a proof-of-concept, MnO2 nanosheets are in-situ grown on both the outer shell and the inner cavity of HCSO forming sandwich structure via a facile redox method, named MnO2@HCSO composite. Meanwhile, the distance for lithium ion diffusion greatly reduces. When tested as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, MnO2@HCSO composite exhibits increased performance compared to MnO2/HCS composites which use traditional closed HCS as carbon matrix. It can still deliver a specific capacity of 398 mAh g−1 based on the whole mass of composite even when the current density was increased to 5 A g−1. This special designed structure would be extended to different fields, such as sensors and catalyst.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zang, Jun and Ye, Jianchuan and Qian, Hang and Lin, Yu and Zhang, Xiangwu and Zheng, Mingsen and Dong, Quanfeng}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={783–788} }
 @article{zhu_zhu_yan_dirican_zang_jia_li_kiyak_tan_zhang_et al._2018, title={In Situ Polymerization of Nanostructured Conductive Polymer on 3D Sulfur/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Network as Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2196-7350"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201701598}, DOI={10.1002/admi.201701598}, abstractNote={AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have been considered as a promising next‐generation energy storage system. However, practical application of Li‐S batteries is hindered by the nonconductive nature of sulfur (S) and continuous capacity fading during cycling. Here, a simple but effective strategy is proposed to fabricate high‐performance Li‐S batteries by in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANi)/S/carbon nanofiber (CNF) cathode. Compared to traditional carbon black/S cathodes and other cathode materials with PANi polymer, this effective three‐dimensional (3D) cathode design has several advantages: (i) the interconnected and highly conductive CNF/PANi network structure facilitates the electron transfer between the insulating S and conductive CNF mat; (ii) the CNF/PANi network structure, with abundant oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms, offers strong adsorption for the polysulfides; (iii) the 3D architecture of CNF/S/PANi helps accommodate the volume change of S during cycling and maintain the structural integrity of the cathode; (iv) the easy and simple fabrication process minimizes the time and energy costs; and (v) the freestanding composite cathode without additional polymer binder contributes to higher energy density of Li‐S batteries. With all the advantages mentioned above, Li‐S cells present a high S utilization with stable cycling performance for over 300 cycles with a low capacity decay rate of 0.08% cycle−1.}, number={10}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhu, Pei and Zhu, Jiadeng and Yan, Chaoyi and Dirican, Mahmut and Zang, Jun and Jia, Hao and Li, Ya and Kiyak, Yasar and Tan, Hongsheng and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={May} }
 @article{zhu_zhu_yan_dirican_zang_jia_li_kiyak_tan_zhang_2018, title={In situ polymerization of nanostructured conductive polymer on 3d sulfur/carbon nanofiber composite network as cathode for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={5}, journal={Advanced Materials Interfaces}, author={Zhu, P. and Zhu, J. D. and Yan, C. Y. and Dirican, M. and Zang, J. and Jia, H. and Li, Y. and Kiyak, Y. and Tan, H. S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{zhu_yan_dirican_zhu_zang_selvan_chung_jia_li_kiyak_et al._2018, title={Li0.33La0.557TiO3 ceramic nanofiber-enhanced polyethylene oxide-based composite polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/1573984/}, DOI={10.1039/c7ta10517g}, abstractNote={A polyethylene oxide-based composite solid polymer electrolyte filled with one-dimensional ceramic Li0.33La0.557TiO3 nanofibers was designed and prepared.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zang, Jun and Selvan, R. Kalai and Chung, Ching-Chang and Jia, Hao and Li, Ya and Kiyak, Yasar and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={4279–4285} }
 @article{zhu_yan_dirican_zhu_zang_selvan_chung_jia_li_kiyak_et al._2018, title={Li0.33La0.557TiO3 ceramic nanofiber-enhanced polyethylene oxide-based composite polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries}, volume={6}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Zhu, P. and Yan, C. Y. and Dirican, M. and Zhu, J. D. and Zang, J. and Selvan, R. K. and Chung, C. C. and Jia, H. and Li, Y. and Kiyak, Y. and et al.}, year={2018} }
 @article{zhu_yan_dirican_zhu_zang_selvan_chung_jia_li_kiyak_et al._2018, title={Li0.33La0.557TiO3 ceramic nanofiber-enhanced polyethylene oxide-based composite polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries}, volume={6}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Zhu, P. and Yan, C. Y. and Dirican, M. and Zhu, J. D. and Zang, J. and Selvan, R. K. and Chung, C. C. and Jia, H. and Li, Y. and Kiyak, Y. and et al.}, year={2018} }
 @article{jia_dirican_chen_zhu_yan_li_zhu_li_guo_zhang_et al._2018, title={Rationally designed carbon coated ZnSnS3 nano cubes as high-performance anode for advanced sodium-ion batteries}, volume={292}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16881651/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.184}, abstractNote={Metal sulfides have gradually gained attention as preferable anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. In this work, we report for the first time the synthesis of carbon coated ZnSnS3 nanocubes (ZnSnS3@C NCs) as high-performance anode material for SIBs. The outer carbon coating surrounding the ZnSnS3 active material not only enhances the electronic conductivity of the anode but also increases the electrode reaction active sites. Thus, it can greatly improve the reversible capacity as well as homogenize the repeated volume changes of the active material and decrease the mechanical stress caused during the prolonged charge/discharge process, which could finally enable an enhanced electrode stability. Electrochemical test results demonstrated that the introduced ZnSnS3@C NC anode is capable of delivering a high reversible capacity of 661.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 250 cycles (with capacity retention of 97.1%) and demonstrating a stable Coulombic efficiency of over 99%. To the best of our knowledge, both the reversible capacity and cycling stability performance introduced in this work are so far the best among metallic sulfur-based anodes and are even superior to some recently reported SnS2-based anodes.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Li, Ya and Zhu, Jiadeng and Li, Zhaoling and Guo, Jiansheng and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={646–654} }
 @article{jia_dirican_chen_zhu_zhu_yan_li_dong_guo_zhang_et al._2018, title={Reduced Graphene Oxide-Incorporated SnSb@CNF Composites as Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b18921}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.7b18921}, abstractNote={Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and natural abundance of sodium resources. Nevertheless, low energy density and poor cycling stability of current SIBs unfavorably hinder their practical implementation for the smart power grid and stationary storage applications. Antimony tin (SnSb) is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation SIBs attributing to its high capacity, high abundance, and low toxicity. However, the practical application of SnSb anodes in SIBs is currently restricted because of their large volume changes during cycling, which result in serious pulverization and loss of electrical contact between the active material and the carbon conductor. Herein, we apply reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-incorporated SnSb@carbon nanofiber (SnSb@rGO@CNF) composite anodes in SIBs that can sustain their structural stability during prolonged charge-discharge cycles. Electrochemical performance results shed light on that the combination of rGO, CNF, and SnSb alloy led to a high-capacity anode (capacity of 490 mAh g-1  at the 10th cycle) with a high capacity retention of 87.2% and a large Coulombic efficiency of 97.9% at the 200th cycle. This work demonstrates that the SnSb@rGO@CNF composite is a potential and attractive anode material for next-generation, high-energy SIBs.}, number={11}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Jia, Hao and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Li, Ya and Dong, Xia and Guo, Jiansheng and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={9696–9703} }
 @article{jia_dirican_chen_zhu_zhu_yan_li_dong_guo_zhang_2018, title={Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated SnSb@CNF composites as anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries}, volume={10}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, author={Jia, H. and Dirican, M. and Chen, C. and Zhu, J. D. and Zhu, P. and Yan, C. Y. and Li, Y. and Dong, X. and Guo, J. S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{jia_dirican_chen_zhu_zhu_yan_li_dong_guo_zhang_2018, title={Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated SnSb@CNF composites as anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries}, volume={10}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, author={Jia, H. and Dirican, M. and Chen, C. and Zhu, J. D. and Zhu, P. and Yan, C. Y. and Li, Y. and Dong, X. and Guo, J. S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{sun_denhartog_zhang_mccord_2018, title={Study of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted cotton fabrics initiated by atmospheric pressure plasma}, volume={453}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924640/}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.056}, abstractNote={There is a significant interest in developing environmentally responsive or stimuli-responsive smart materials. In this paper, the thermo-responsiveness of cotton fabrics treated by helium atmospheric pressure plasma was investigated. Thermo-responsive cotton fabrics were prepared by grafting poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) on their surfaces using atmospheric plasma. The thermoregulation properties under different environmental temperatures have been evaluated via thermal imaging analysis, comfort test and SEM. The grafting of PNIPAM on cotton fabrics was verified via ATR-FTIR, XPS, and ToF-SIMS. The analysis results indicate that cotton fabrics with PNIPAM treatments possess thermo-responsiveness when wetted. It was found that fabrics with plasma-initiated PNIPAM treatments have higher heat transfer coefficient above 32 °C and lower heat transfer coefficient below 32 °C than untreated fabrics. The heat transfer coefficient of a PNIPAM grafted cotton has a 10% difference from that of an untreated cotton at temperatures above and below LCST.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and DenHartog, Emiel and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={182–191} }
 @article{zhang_wang_yu_qu_men_zhang_2018, title={Surface processing and ageing behavior of silk fabrics treated with atmospheric-pressure plasma for pigment-based ink-jet printing}, volume={434}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924635/}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.178}, abstractNote={Pigment inkjet printing has highlighted the advantages of cost-effective, short production cycle and environment-friendly. However, patterns directly printed with pigment inks usually have low color yields and blurry images which are caused by bleeding phenomenon. This work presents an atmospheric-pressure plasma method for improving the pigment-based ink-jet printing performance of silk fabrics. The effects of surface changes induced are discussed, with data derived from morphological study by atomic force microscopy (AFM), chemical analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. Ink-jet printing experiments were conducted to study the influence of measured changes on anti-bleeding property and color strength of treated and original samples. The ageing experiment indicates that the modified silk fabrics should be printed within 24 h after plasma processing for maximum color yields. This study explores an effective approach for the atmospheric-pressure plasma, which can provide its significant use in improving the surface properties and ink-jet printing performance of fabrics.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, Chunming and Wang, Libing and Yu, Miao and Qu, Lijun and Men, Yajing and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={198–203} }
 @article{zhang_wang_yu_qu_men_zhang_2018, title={Surface processing and ageing behavior of silk fabrics treated with atmospheric-pressure plasma for pigment-based ink-jet printing}, volume={434}, journal={Applied Surface Science}, author={Zhang, C. M. and Wang, L. B. and Yu, M. and Qu, L. J. and Men, Y. J. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{li_zhu_shi_dirican_zhu_yan_jia_zang_he_zhang_et al._2018, title={Ultrafine and polar ZrO2-inlaid porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber as efficient polysulfide absorbent for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries with long lifespan}, volume={349}, ISSN={["1873-3212"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.074}, DOI={10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.074}, abstractNote={The limitations of low active material utilization, severe capacity fading and short lifespan, mainly resulting from the intermediate polysulfides shuttling, have been hampering the development and practical applications of the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technology. To overcome these issues, a porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber membrane containing ultrafine and polar ZrO2 ([email protected]2) has been investigated as a promising polysulfide host in Li-S batteries. The [email protected]2 interlayer not only serves as a high efficiency lithium polysulfide barrier to suppress the side reactions which is further demonstrated by molecular modeling studies, but also functions as an upper current collector which can enhance the polysulfide redox reactions. Thereby, Li-S batteries with high capacity, prolonged cycle life and stable reversible cyclability can be achieved. A negligible capacity fading rate of 0.039% per cycle over 500 cycles at 0.2 C is obtained. This work offers a facile and effective method of promoting Li-S batteries for practical applications.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Ya and Zhu, Jiadeng and Shi, Rongwei and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhu, Pei and Yan, Chaoyi and Jia, Hao and Zang, Jun and He, Jihuan and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={376–387} }
 @article{zhu_zhu_zang_chen_lu_jiang_yan_dirican_selvan_zhang_et al._2017, title={A novel bi-functional double-layer rGO-PVDF/PVDF composite nanofiber membrane separator with enhanced thermal stability and effective polysulfide inhibition for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03301J}, DOI={10.1039/c7ta03301j}, abstractNote={A novel, bi-functional double-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/PVDF membrane was fabricated by a simple electrospinning technique and was used as a promising separator for lithium–sulfur batteries.}, number={29}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Zhu, Pei and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zang, Jun and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Jiang, Mengjin and Yan, Chaoyi and Dirican, Mahmut and Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={15096–15104} }
 @article{luo_li_zang_chen_zhu_qiao_cai_lu_zhang_wei_et al._2017, title={Carbon-Coated Magnesium Ferrite Nanofibers for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes with Enhanced Cycling Performance}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2194-4296"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924653/}, DOI={10.1002/ente.201600686}, abstractNote={AbstractCarbon‐coated magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4@C) nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technology and a subsequent carbonization process using polydopamine as carbon precursor. SEM and TEM observations revealed that N‐doped carbon layers with different thicknesses were coated uniformly on the surface of the MgFe2O4 nanofibers. If used as anode materials for lithium–ion batteries (LIBs), MgFe2O4@C nanofibers with a carbon thickness of 7 nm exhibited an excellent cycling performance and rate capability compared with pristine MgFe2O4 and MgFe2O4@C nanofibers with carbon thicknesses of 4 and 15 nm, respectively. These nanofibers delivered high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1383 and 1044 mAh g−1, respectively, with a Coulombic efficiency of 75.5 %. A reversible capacity of 926 mAh g−1 could be obtained after 200 cycles at 0.1 Ag−1. Even at a high rate of 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles, they still maintained a stable capacity of 610 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 81.9 %. Therefore, the MgFe2O4@C nanofibers are a potential anode candidate for LIBs.}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY TECHNOLOGY}, author={Luo, L. and Li, D. W. and Zang, J. and Chen, C. and Zhu, J. D. and Qiao, H. and Cai, Y. B. and Lu, K. Y. and Zhang, X. W. and Wei, Q. F. and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={1364–1372} }
 @article{he_hu_shen_chen_wu_cheng_zhang_pan_2017, title={Channelized carbon nanofiber with uniform-dispersed GeO2 as anode for long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries}, volume={729}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070130/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.038}, abstractNote={The direct use of low-cost GeO2 nanoparticles as a replacement for germanium salt as a source of germanium is more practical for the fabrication of GeO2/C composite electrodes for commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the tendency of nanoparticles to easily agglomerate complicates the task of obtaining a uniform distribution of GeO2 in a carbon matrix. In this study, we used polystyrene (PS) as a sacrificial template to fabricate a uniform dispersion of multichannel carbon fiber with amorphous GeO2 (GeO2/MCNF) via electrospinning with a single nozzle. With a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/PS ratio of 1:0.6, the GeO2/MCNF composite shows enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency (66.9%), high reversible specific capacity (832 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles under a current density of 250 mA g−1), and excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Especially, this anode material exhibits superior cycling stability (472 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles under a current density of 1250 mA g−1). The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the uniformly dispersed GeO2, unique carbon nanostructure, and the synergistic interaction between GeO2 and the CNFs. The proposed method provides a common strategy to develop other low conductivity anode materials with high current capacities and long-term cycle stabilities.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={He, Xia and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Renzhong and Wu, Keshi and Cheng, Zhongling and Zhang, Xiang Wu and Pan, Peng}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={313–322} }
 @article{zhu_jasper_zhang_2017, title={Chemical characterization of electrospun nanofibers}, volume={186}, ISBN={["9780-0-81-00907-9"]}, ISSN={["2042-0803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924650/}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-08-100907-9.00008-8}, abstractNote={A variety of electrospun nanofibers have been made for applications in biotechnology, energy storage, healthcare, environmental engineering, etc. It is noteworthy that the chemical characterization of electrospun nanofibers plays an extremely important role in understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of those materials. Therefore, it is necessary to familiarize oneself with the chemical characterization tools used to identify electrospun nanofibers. In this chapter, several chemical characterization methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, etc., are discussed in detail.}, journal={ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Zhu, J. and Jasper, S. and Zhang, X.}, year={2017}, pages={181–206} }
 @article{zhu_jasper_zhang_2017, title={Chemical characterization of electrospun nanofibers}, volume={186}, journal={Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles}, author={Zhu, J. and Jasper, S. and Zhang, X.}, year={2017} }
 @article{ge_zhu_dirican_jia_yanilmaz_lu_chen_qiu_zhang_2017, title={Fabrication and electrochemical behavior study of nano-fibrous sodium titanate composite}, volume={188}, ISSN={["1873-4979"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924645/}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2016.11.025}, abstractNote={Nanofiber structured Na2Ti3O7 was synthesized via electrospinning process which was further used as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries for the first time. One-dimensional construction of Na2Ti3O7 composite could contribute to better electrochemical activity. It was demonstrated that the capacity of Na2Ti3O7 nanofibers was significantly improved to 257.8 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1. Furthermore, the rate capability of Na2Ti3O7 nanofibers was significantly enhanced, showing charge capacities were 161.8, 116.5, and 72.4 mAh g−1 at 100, 200, and 400 mA g−1, respectively. Therefore, improved specific capacity and rate capability made Na2Ti3O7 nanofibers composite as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ge, Yeqian and Zhu, Jiadeng and Dirican, Mahmut and Jia, Hao and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={176–179} }
 @article{ge_zhu_dirican_jia_yanilmaz_lu_chen_qiu_zhang_2017, title={Fabrication and electrochemical behavior study of nano-fibrous sodium titanate composite}, volume={188}, journal={Materials Letters}, author={Ge, Y. Q. and Zhu, J. D. and Dirican, M. and Jia, H. and Yanilmaz, M. and Lu, Y. and Chen, C. and Qiu, Y. P. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2017} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_pan_he_wu_zhang_cheng_2017, title={Facile fabrication of foldable electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers for flexible lithium-ion batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070134/}, DOI={10.1039/c7ta02528a}, abstractNote={To enable electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based C nanofibers (CNFs) to be employed as anode materials in flexible Li-ion batteries, it is essential to overcome their frangibility and enhance their flexibility.}, number={25}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Chen, Renzhong and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Pan, Peng and He, Xia and Wu, Keshi and Zhang, Xiangwu and Cheng, Zhongling}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={12914–12921} }
 @article{he_hu_shen_chen_wu_cheng_zhang_pan_2017, title={GeOx ultra-dispersed in microporous carbon nanofibers: a binder-free anode for high performance lithium-ion battery}, volume={246}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070132/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.122}, abstractNote={Carbonaceous materials are usually used to improve the electrochemical performance of GeOx for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Preparing a material in which GeOx is ultra-dispersed in carbon nanofibers via a simple process has rarely been reported. Here we design and prepare a three-dimensional (3D) composite in which amorphous GeOx is ultra-uniformly distributed in one-dimensional (1D) microporous carbon nanofibers (GeOx-mCNFs) via high energy ball milling combined with carbonization-amorphization reactions. When directly used as a binder-free anode material for LIBs, the as-synthesized GeOx-mCNFs hybrid shows a highly reversible specific capacity, a good rate performance, and an excellent cycling stability (i.e., 621 mA h g−1 at 1.2 A g−1 after 300 cycles), which is attributed to the synergistic effects of the ultra-uniform amorphous GeOx, a 1D interconnected carbon nanostructure, and micropores. It is expected that the GeOx-mCNFs hybrid could be utilized as a binder-free anode material in high-current rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={He, Xia and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Renzhong and Wu, Keshi and Cheng, Zhonglin and Zhang, Xiangwu and Pan, Peng}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={981–989} }
 @article{yanilmaz_zhu_lu_ge_zhang_2017, title={High-strength, thermally stable nylon 6,6 composite nanofiber separators for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924646/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-017-0764-8}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={5232–5241} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_he_cheng_pan_wu_zhang_tang_2017, title={Highly mesoporous C nanofibers with graphitized pore walls fabricated via ZnCo2O4-induced activating-catalyzed-graphitization for long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070131/}, DOI={10.1039/c7ta05445a}, abstractNote={Transition metals (TMs), e.g. Fe, Co, and Ni, are normally unsuitable for the fabrication of highly porous C materials with graphitized C layers.}, number={41}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Chen, Renzhong and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and He, Xia and Cheng, Zhongling and Pan, Peng and Wu, Keshi and Zhang, Xiangwu and Tang, Zhongyang}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={21679–21687} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_li_wu_2017, title={Hollow core-shell structured silicon@carbon nanoparticles embed in carbon nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={342}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/652498/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.089}, abstractNote={Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for lithium-ion battery anodes owing to its large theoretical energy density (about 4200 mAh g−1) and low working potential (vs. Li/Li+). However, its practical application is limited by structure degradation and a comparatively poor capacity retention caused by large volume changes during cycling. In this study, we have prepared a novel nanofiber form of silicon/carbon with hollow core–shell structured [email protected] ([email protected]) nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers. Voids between the silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) core and carbon shell help to accommodate the volume expansion associated with the lithiation/delithiation process in a working electrode and allow formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. The obtained electrodes exhibited good cycle performance with a high reversible capacity of 1020.7 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g-1, and also delivered excellent cycling performance at a high current density of 3.2 A g-1. The design of this new structure provides a potential method for developing other functional composite anode materials with high reversible capacities and long-term cycle stabilities.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Yanli and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Zhang, Xiangwu and Li, Yongqiang and Wu, Keshi}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={467–475} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_li_wu_2017, title={Hollow core-shell structured silicon@carbon nanoparticles embed in carbon nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={342}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Chen, Y. L. and Hu, Y. and Shen, Z. and Chen, R. Z. and He, X. and Zhang, X. W. and Li, Y. Q. and Wu, K. S.}, year={2017} }
 @article{chen_li_zhu_lu_jiang_hu_shen_zhang_2017, title={In-situ formation of tin-antimony sulfide in nitrogen-sulfur Co-doped carbon nanofibers as high performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={120}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.05.072}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2017.05.072}, abstractNote={As potential alternatives to lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage application, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention. Absence of high-performance anode material remains a challenge to commercialize SIBs. Herein, a SnSbSx/porous carbon nanofiber (SnSbSx/PCNF) composite with superior performance is successfully prepared via electrospinning, followed by a sulfuration treatment. The as-prepared SnSbSx/PCNF composite exhibits a unique two-dimensional nano-sheet morphology. As a result, the SnSbSx/PCNFs can deliver a high reversible capacity of 566.7 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles and achieve good cycling stability and rate capability when used as anode materials for SIBs. The improved electrochemical performance of SnSbSx/PCNFs can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of SnSbSx nano-sheets and enhanced diffusion coefficient of Na+ in sulfurated PCNFs (SPCNFs), which can not only provide good electronic conductivity but also buffer the volume change of the SnSbSx nano-sheets during sodiation/desodiation process. Additionally, the sulfuration process generates a sulfur doping effect on the PCNFs, further enhancing their sodium storage ability. Therefore, the excellent Na-storage ability demonstrates SnSbSx/PCNFs a great potential as anode material for high-performance SIBs.}, journal={CARBON}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Chen and Li, Guoqing and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Jiang, Mengjin and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={380–391} }
 @article{zhu_ge_jasper_zhang_2017, title={Physical characterization of electrospun nanofibers}, volume={186}, ISBN={["9780-0-81-00907-9"]}, ISSN={["2042-0803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924651/}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-08-100907-9.00009-x}, abstractNote={One-dimensional nanostructures produced by electrospinning offer many advantages. To better understand these electrospun nanofibers, we classify them into four categories: electrospun polymer nanofibers, electrospun metal nanofibers, electrospun carbon nanofibers, and electrospun composite nanofibers. In this chapter, we introduce corresponding physical characterizations and illustrate them with specific examples.}, journal={ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Zhu, J. and Ge, Y. and Jasper, S. and Zhang, X.}, year={2017}, pages={207–238} }
 @article{zhu_ge_jasper_zhang_2017, title={Physical characterization of electrospun nanofibers}, volume={186}, journal={Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles}, author={Zhu, J. and Ge, Y. and Jasper, S. and Zhang, X.}, year={2017} }
 @article{li_zou_shao_zhang_li_2017, title={Preparation of SiO2/PS superhydrophobic fibers with bionic controllable micro-nano structure via centrifugal spinning}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924647/}, DOI={10.1039/c6ra25813a}, abstractNote={We present a novel and simple centrifugal spinning technology that extrudes fibers from polymer solutions by using a high-speed rotary, perforated spinneret. And large amount of superhydrophobic micro/nano fibers can be prepared by using it.}, number={18}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Li, Yongqiang and Zou, Chao and Shao, Jianzhong and Zhang, Xiangwu and Li, Ya'nan}, year={2017}, pages={11041–11048} }
 @article{he_yildiz_pan_zhu_zhang_bradford_gao_2017, title={Pyrolytic-carbon coating in carbon nanotube foams for better performance in supercapacitors}, volume={343}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/19584407/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.091}, abstractNote={Nowadays, the wide-spread adoption of supercapacitors has been hindered by their inferior energy density to that of batteries. Here we report the use of our pyrolytic-carbon-coated carbon nanotube foams as lightweight, compressible, porous, and highly conductive current collectors in supercapacitors, which are infiltrated with chemically-reduced graphene oxide and later compressed via mechanical and capillary forces to generate the active electrodes. The pyrolytic carbon coatings, introduced by chemical vapor infiltration, wrap around the CNT junctions and increase the surface roughness. When active materials are infiltrated, the pyrolytic-carbon coatings help prevent the π-stacking, enlarge the accessible surface area, and increase the electrical conductivity of the scaffold. Our best-performing device offers 48% and 57% higher gravimetric energy and power density, 14% and 23% higher volumetric energy and power density, respectively, and two times higher knee frequency, than the device with commercial current collectors, while the "true-performance metrics" are strictly followed in our measurements. We have further clarified the solution resistance, charge transfer resistance/capacitance, double-layer capacitance, and Warburg resistance in our system via comprehensive impedance analysis, which will shed light on the design and optimization of similar systems.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={He, Nanfei and Yildiz, Ozkan and Pan, Qin and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Bradford, Philip D. and Gao, Wei}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={492–501} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_he_chen_shao_zhang_wu_2017, title={Split Sn-Cu Alloys on Carbon Nanofibers by One-step Heat Treatment for Long-Lifespan Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={225}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070135/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.143}, abstractNote={To develop next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with novel designs, reconsidering traditional materials with enhanced cycle stability and excellent rate performance is crucial. We herein report the successful preparation of three-dimensional (3D) composites in which spilt Sn–Cu alloys are uniformly dispersed in an amorphous carbon nanofiber matrix (Sn–Cu–CNFs) via one-step carbonization-alloying reactions. The spilt Sn–Cu alloys consist of active Cu6Sn5 and inactive Cu3Sn, and are controllable by optimization of the carbonization-alloying reaction temperature. The 3D carbon nanofiber framework allowed the Sn–Cu–CNFs to be used directly as anodes in lithium-ion batteries without the requirement for polymer binders or electrical conductors. These composite electrodes exhibited a stable cyclability with a discharge capacity of 400 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 after 1200 cycles, as well as an excellent rate capability, which could be attributed to the improved electrochemical properties of the Sn–Cu–CNFs provided by the buffering effect of Cu3Sn and the 3D carbon nanofiber framework. This one-step synthesis is expected to be widely applicable in the targeted structural design of traditional tin-based anode materials.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Shen, Zhen and Hu, Yi and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Chen, Yanli and Shao, Hanfeng and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Keshi}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={350–357} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_he_chen_shao_zhang_wu_2017, title={Split Sn-Cu alloys on carbon nanofibers by one-step heat treatment for long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries}, volume={225}, journal={Electrochimica Acta}, author={Shen, Z. and Hu, Y. and Chen, R. Z. and He, X. and Chen, Y. L. and Shao, H. F. and Zhang, X. W. and Wu, K. S.}, year={2017} }
 @article{xia_li_xue_qiu_zhang_zhang_2017, title={The electrochemical performance of SnSb/C nanofibers with different morphologies and underlying mechanism}, volume={32}, ISSN={["2044-5326"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924648/}, DOI={10.1557/jmr.2016.508}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Xia, Xin and Li, Zhiyong and Xue, Leigang and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Chuyang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1184–1193} }
 @article{luo_qiao_xu_li_zhu_chen_lu_zhu_zhang_wei_et al._2017, title={Tin nanoparticles embedded in ordered mesoporous carbon as high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1433-0768"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924649/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-016-3501-3}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Luo, L. and Qiao, H. and Xu, W. Z. and Li, D. W. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Zhu, P. and Zhang, X. W. and Wei, Q. F. and et al.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={1385–1395} }
 @article{luo_qiao_xu_li_zhu_chen_lu_zhu_zhang_wei_2017, title={Tin nanoparticles embedded in ordered mesoporous carbon as high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={21}, journal={Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry}, author={Luo, L. and Qiao, H. and Xu, W. Z. and Li, D. W. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Zhu, P. and Zhang, X. W. and Wei, Q. F.}, year={2017} }
 @article{xia_li_xue_qiu_zhang_zhang_2017, title={electrochemical performance of SnSb/C nanofibers with different morphologies and underlying mechanism}, volume={32}, journal={Journal of Materials Research}, author={Xia, X. and Li, Z. Y. and Xue, L. G. and Qiu, Y. P. and Zhang, C. Y. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2017} }
 @article{zhu_zhu_zang_chen_lu_jiang_yan_dirican_selvan_zhang_2017, title={novel bi-functional double-layer rGO-PVDF/PVDF composite nanofiber membrane separator with enhanced thermal stability and effective polysulfide inhibition for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={5}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Zhu, P. and Zhu, J. D. and Zang, J. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Jiang, M. J. and Yan, C. Y. and Dirican, M. and Selvan, R. K. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{a superior carbon-coated separator for achieving exceptional high performance lithium-sulfur batteries_2016, booktitle={11th Annual Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2016}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhu_ge_kim_lu_chen_jiang_zhang_2016, title={A novel separator coated by carbon for achieving exceptional high performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={20}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.022}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.022}, abstractNote={Lithium-sulfur batteries have received intense attention because of their high theoretical capacity, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, low active material utilization and poor cycle life limit their practical applications. Here, we report a strategy to obtain high capacity with long cycle life and rapid charge rate by introducing a carbon coating on the separator. Excellent cycling performance with a high capacity 956 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and outstanding high-rate response up to 4 C are achieved, which are among the best reports so far. High electrochemical performance can be obtained even at a high sulfur loading of 3.37 mg cm−2. Such improved results could be ascribed to the conductive carbon coating, which not only reduces the cell resistance but blocks the diffusion of soluble polysulfides avoiding shuttle effect during cycling. This study demonstrates a feasible, low cost and scalable approach to address the long-term cycling challenge for lithium-sulfur batteries.}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Ge, Yeqian and Kim, David and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Jiang, Mengjin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={176–184} }
 @article{dirican_zhang_2016, title={Centrifugally-spun carbon microfibers and porous carbon microfibers as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={327}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.069}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.069}, abstractNote={Natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources bring forward the sodium-ion batteries as a promising alternative to widely-used lithium-ion batteries. However, insufficient energy density and low cycling stability of current sodium-ion batteries hinder their practical use for next-generation smart power grid and stationary storage applications. Electrospun carbon microfibers have recently been introduced as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, electrospinning is not feasible for mass production of carbon microfibers due to its complex processing condition, low production rate and high cost. Herein, we report centrifugal spinning, a high-rate and low-cost microfiber production method, as an alternative approach to electrospinning for carbon microfiber production and introduce centrifugally-spun carbon microfibers (CMFs) and porous carbon microfibers (PCMFs) as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochemical performance results indicated that the highly porous nature of centrifugally-spun PCMFs led to increased Na+ storage capacity and improved cycling stability. The reversible capacity of centrifugally-spun PCMF anodes at the 200th cycle was 242 mAh g−1, which was much higher than that of centrifugally-spun CMFs (143 mAh g−1). The capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of the centrifugally-spun PCMF anodes were 89.0% and 99.9%, respectively, even at the 200th cycle.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={333–339} }
 @article{chen_li_lu_zhu_jiang_hu_cao_zhang_2016, title={Chemical vapor deposited MoS2/electrospun carbon nanofiber composite as anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries}, volume={222}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924666/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.170}, abstractNote={Due to its high theoretical capacity and unique layered structure, MoS2 has attracted attention as a sodium-ion battery anode material. However, the electrochemical performance of MoS2 based anodes is hindered by their low intrinsic conductivity and large volume change during cycling. In this report, nano-sized MoS2 sheets are synthesized using a scalable chemical vapor deposition method on the surface of electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The morphology of the resultant MoS2@CNFs is investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while their electrochemical performance is studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The results demonstrate that a strong interconnection between MoS2 nanosheets and CNFs is formed and the conductive network of CNFs is beneficial for the sodium ion kinetics. When investigated as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, a high reversible capacity of 380 mA h g−1 is obtained after 50 cycles with good cycling stability. In particular, MoS2@CNFs can deliver a capacity of 198 mA h g−1 under a high current density of 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles, indicating their great potential as anode material for long-life sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Chen and Li, Guoqing and Lu, Yao and Zhu, Jiadeng and Jiang, Mengjin and Hu, Yi and Cao, Linyou and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={1751–1760} }
 @article{lu_fu_zhu_chen_yanilmaz_dirican_ge_jiang_zhang_2016, title={Comparing the structures and sodium storage properties of centrifugally spun SnO2 microfiber anodes with/without chemical vapor deposition}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924656/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-016-9768-z}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Lu, Yao and Fu, Kun and Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Dirican, Mahmut and Ge, Yeqian and Jiang, Han and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={4549–4558} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_chen_he_zhang_shao_zhang_2016, title={Controllable synthesis of carbon-coated Sn-SnO2-carbon-nanofiber membrane as advanced binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={188}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070139/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.062}, abstractNote={A carbon-coated composite consisting of Sn, SnO2, and porous carbon-nanofiber membrane (Sn⿿SnO2⿿CNF@C) was successfully prepared via electrospinning followed by carbonization and low-temperature hydrothermal treatment. The thickness of the carbon overlayer formed by using sucrose as the carbon source could be well controlled by adjusting the sucrose concentration. The three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber network structure allowed the Sn⿿SnO2⿿CNF@C membrane to be used directly as an anode in lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binders or electrical conductors. The composite electrodes of this material exhibited a high discharge capacity of 712.2 mA h g⿿1 at a high current density of 0.8 A g⿿1 after 200 cycles, as well as good cycling stability and excellent rate capability, which can be ascribed to the improved electrochemical properties of the Sn⿿SnO2 particles provided by the protective carbon coating and the 3D carbon nanofiber membrane. The composite can thus be widely used as an advanced binder-free anode material in high-current rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and extended to the fabrication of flexible electrodes.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Shen, Zhen and Hu, Yi and Chen, Yanli and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Zhang, Xiangwu and Shao, Hanfeng and Zhang, Yan}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={661–670} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_chen_he_zhang_shao_zhang_2016, title={Controllable synthesis of carbon-coated Sn-SnO2-carbon-nanofiber membrane as advanced binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={188}, journal={Electrochimica Acta}, author={Shen, Z. and Hu, Y. and Chen, Y. L. and Chen, R. Z. and He, X. and Zhang, X. W. and Shao, H. F. and Zhang, Y.}, year={2016} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_zhang_2016, title={Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers Anchored with ZnxCo3-xO4 Nanocubes as Binder-Free Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070138/}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.5b10340}, abstractNote={The direct growth of complex ternary metal oxides on three-dimensional conductive substrates is highly desirable for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We herein report a facile and scalable strategy for the preparation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) anchored with ZnxCo3-xO4 (ZCO) nanocubes, involving a hydrothermal process and thermal treatment. Moreover, the size of the ZCO nanocubes was adjusted by the quantity of urea used in the hydrothermal process. Serving as a binder-free anode material for LIBs, the ZnCo2O4/CNFs composite prepared using 1.0 mmol of urea (ZCO/CNFs-10) exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability, and good rate capability. More specifically, a high reversible capacity of ∼600 mAh g(-1) was obtained at a current density of 0.5 C following 300 charge-discharge cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance could be associated with the controllable size of the ZCO nanocubes and synergistic effects between ZCO and the CNFs.}, number={4}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Chen, Renzhong and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Yanli and He, Xia and Zhang, Xiangwu and Zhang, Yan}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={2591–2599} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_zhang_2016, title={Controlled synthesis of carbon nanofibers anchored with ZnxCo3-xO4 nanocubes as binder-free anode materials for lithium ion batteries}, volume={8}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, author={Chen, R. Z. and Hu, Y. and Shen, Z. and Chen, Y. L. and He, X. and Zhang, X. W. and Zhang, Y.}, year={2016} }
 @article{luo_xu_xia_fei_zhu_chen_lu_wei_qiao_zhang_et al._2016, title={Electrospun ZnO-SnO2 composite nanofibers with enhanced electrochemical performance as lithium-ion anodes}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1873-3956"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924662/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.211}, abstractNote={ZnO–SnO2 composite nanofibers with different structures were synthesized by a simple electrospinning approach with subsequent calcination at three different temperatures using polyacrylonitrile as the polymer precursor. The electrochemical performance of the composites for use as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries were investigated. It was found that the ZnO–SnO2 composite nanofibers calcined at 700 °C showed excellent lithium storage properties in terms of cycling stability and rate capability, compared to those calcined at 800 and 900 °C, respectively. ZnO–SnO2 composite nanofibers calcined at 700 °C not only delivered high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1450 and 1101 mAh g−1, respectively, with a 75.9% coulombic efficiency, but also maintained a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. Additionally, a high reversible capacity of 591 mAh g−1 was obtained when the current density returned to 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycling at a high current density of 2 A g−1. The superior electrochemical performance of ZnO–SnO2 composite nanofibers can be attributed to the unique nanofibrous structure, the smaller particle size and smaller fiber diameter as well as the porous structure and synergistic effect between ZnO and SnO2.}, number={9}, journal={CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL}, author={Luo, L. and Xu, W. Z. and Xia, Z. K. and Fei, Y. Q. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Wei, Q. F. and Qiao, H. and Zhang, X. W. and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={10826–10832} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_chen_he_geng_zhang_wu_2016, title={Excimer Ultraviolet-Irradiated Carbon Nanofibers as Advanced Anodes for Long Cycle Life Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1613-6829"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070136/}, DOI={10.1002/smll.201601158}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) bearing oxygen-containing functional groups and inhomogeneous nanopores are successfully prepared by excimer UV radiation. The CNFs demonstrate potential for use as an anodic material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Their improved electrochemical performances are attributed to the chemically bonded solid-electrolyte interface films on the CNF surface. This approach is also applicable to other carbonaceous electrode materials.}, number={38}, journal={SMALL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shen, Zhen and Hu, Yi and Chen, Yanli and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Geng, Lei and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Keshi}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={5269–5275} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_chen_he_geng_zhang_wu_2016, title={Excimer ultraviolet-irradiated carbon nanofibers as advanced anodes for long cycle life lithium-ion batteries}, volume={12}, journal={Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse, Germany)}, author={Shen, Z. and Hu, Y. and Chen, Y. and Chen, R. and He, X. and Geng, L. and Zhang, X. and Wu, K.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{graphene oxide enhanced polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane used as separator for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries_2016, booktitle={Materials Research Society Spring Meeting}, year={2016}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhu_yildirim_aly_shen_chen_lu_jiang_kim_tonelli_pasquinelli_et al._2016, title={Hierarchical multi-component nanofiber separators for lithium polysulfide capture in lithium-sulfur batteries: an experimental and molecular modeling study}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/14285928/}, DOI={10.1039/c6ta04577d}, abstractNote={A multi-functional nanofiber membrane significantly improves the overall performance of Li–S batteries.}, number={35}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Yildirim, Erol and Aly, Karim and Shen, Jialong and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Jiang, Mengjin and Kim, David and Tonelli, Alan E. and Pasquinelli, Melissa A. and et al.}, year={2016}, pages={13572–13581} }
 @article{zhu_chen_lu_zang_jiang_kim_zhang_2016, title={Highly porous polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide membrane separator exhibiting excellent anti-self-discharge feature for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.007}, abstractNote={Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as a promising candidate for next-generation energy-storage devices due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the severe self-discharge behavior of Li–S batteries strongly limits their use in practical applications. Here, we report a sustainable and highly porous polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide (PAN/GO) nanofiber membrane separator that simultaneously enables large capacity and excellent anti-self-discharge capability for lithium–sulfur batteries. A low retention loss (5%) can be achieved even after a resting time of 24 h. Besides benefitting from the highly porous structure and excellent electrolyte wettability of the nanofiber separator, the improved performance can also be ascribed to the excellent barrier effects caused by the relatively high energy binding between –C≡N and Li2S/polysulfides and the electrostatic interactions between GO and negatively charged species (Sn2−). It is, therefore, demonstrated that this GO incorporated PAN nanofiber separator with highly porous structure and excellent electrolyte wettability is a promising separator candidate for high-performance Li–S batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Zang, Jun and Jiang, Mengjin and Kim, David and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={272–280} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_chen_he_geng_zhang_wu_2016, title={Lithium-Ion Batteries: Excimer Ultraviolet-Irradiated Carbon Nanofibers as Advanced Anodes for Long Cycle Life Lithium-Ion Batteries (Small 38/2016)}, volume={12}, ISSN={1613-6810}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/SMLL.201670192}, DOI={10.1002/SMLL.201670192}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) bearing oxygen-containing functional groups and inhomogeneous nanopores are successfully prepared by excimer UV radiation, as presented by Y. Hu and co-workers on page 5269. The CNFs demonstrate potential for use as an anodic material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Their improved electrochemical performances are attributed to the chemically bonded solid-electrolyte interface films on the CNF surface. This approach is also applicable to other carbonaceous electrode materials.}, number={38}, journal={Small}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shen, Zhen and Hu, Yi and Chen, Yanli and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Geng, Lei and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wu, Keshi}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={5231–5231} }
 @article{alaboina_ge_uddin_liu_lee_park_zhang_cho_2016, title={Nanoscale Porous Lithium Titanate Anode for Superior High Temperature Performance}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/9482879/}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.6b00895}, abstractNote={In this work, nanoscale porous lithium titanate (LTO) anode material was synthesized by using aqueous spray drying method after ball milling. The size of the LTO nanoparticles was optimized to 200 nm because of its considerable moisture absorption levels for stable performance and its cooperation to make good quality electrodes found with testing. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized LTO nanoparticles was found to be very stable at high operating temperature (50 °C) and high current rate (5 C) which was worth noticing than its usual unfavorable behaviors (gas generation and surface phase transitions) at higher temperatures. In the postanalysis on the aged LTO cells, high-resolution-transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) measurements reveal that the LTO phase transitions are maintained to very thin surface level (3-5 nm) even after 500 cycles at 50 °C. Moreover, the synthesized LTO material showed stable cycling with a high capacity of 138.74 mA h g(-1) at 1 C rate and 111.53 mA h g(-1) at 5 C rate. Furthermore, high columbic efficiency and excellent capacity retention over 500 cycles at 50 °C was achieved. The enhanced electrochemical properties can be attributed to the increase in surface area and shortened Li(+) diffusion lengths because of the nanoscale primary particles and porous structure of the synthesized LTO particles.}, number={19}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Alaboina, Pankaj K. and Ge, Yeqian and Uddin, Md-Jamal and Liu, Yang and Lee, Dongsuek and Park, Seiung and Zhang, Xiangwu and Cho, Sung-Jin}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={12127–12133} }
 @article{stanley_scholle_zhu_lu_zhang_situ_ghiladi_2016, title={Photosensitizer-Embedded Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Antimicrobial Non-Woven Textile}, volume={6}, ISSN={2079-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6040077}, DOI={10.3390/nano6040077}, abstractNote={Toward the objective of developing platform technologies for anti-infective materials based upon photodynamic inactivation, we employed electrospinning to prepare a non-woven textile comprised of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers embedded with a porphyrin-based cationic photosensitizer; termed PAN-Por(+). Photosensitizer loading was determined to be 34.8 nmol/mg material; with thermostability to 300 °C. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against four bacteria belonging to the ESKAPE family of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium; Acinetobacter baumannii; and Klebsiella pneumonia), as well as Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated broad photodynamic inactivation of all bacterial strains studied upon illumination (30 min; 65 ± 5 mW/cm2; 400–700 nm) by a minimum of 99.9996+% (5.8 log units) regardless of taxonomic classification. PAN-Por(+) also inactivated human adenovirus-5 (~99.8% reduction in PFU/mL) and vesicular stomatitis virus (>7 log units reduction in PFU/mL). When compared to cellulose-based materials employing this same photosensitizer; the higher levels of photodynamic inactivation achieved here with PAN-Por(+) are likely due to the combined effects of higher photosensitizer loading and a greater surface area imparted by the use of nanofibers. These results demonstrate the potential of photosensitizer-embedded polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to serve as scalable scaffolds for anti-infective or self-sterilizing materials against both bacteria and viruses when employing a photodynamic inactivation mode of action.}, number={4}, journal={Nanomaterials}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Stanley, Sarah and Scholle, Frank and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Xiangwu and Situ, Xingci and Ghiladi, Reza}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={77} }
 @article{jiang_zhu_chen_lu_ge_zhang_2016, title={Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Borate Gel Polymer Electrolytes Prepared by Electrodeposition and Their Application in Electrochemical Supercapacitors}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924655/}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.5b11984}, abstractNote={Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been studied for preparing flexible and compact electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the preparation and use of GPEs are complex, and most GPEs prepared through traditional methods do not have good wettability with the electrodes, which retard them from achieving their performance potential. In this study, these problems are addressed by conceiving and implementing a simple, but effective, method of electrodepositing poly(vinyl alcohol) potassium borate (PVAPB) GPEs directly onto the surfaces of active carbon electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors. PVAPB GPEs serve as both the electrolyte and the separator in the assembled supercapacitors, and their scale and shape are determined solely by the geometry of the electrodes. PVAPB GPEs have good bonding to the active electrode materials, leading to excellent and stable electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of PVAPB GPEs and supercapacitors can be manipulated simply by adjusting the concentration of KCl salt used during the electrodeposition process. With a 0.9 M KCl concentration, the as-prepared supercapacitors deliver a specific capacitance of 65.9 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g(-1) and retain more than 95% capacitance after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g(-1). These supercapacitors also exhibit intelligent high voltage self-protection function due to the electrolysis-induced cross-linking effect of PVAPB GPEs.}, number={5}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Jiang, Mengjin and Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={3473–3481} }
 @article{zhu_lu_chen_ge_jasper_leary_li_jiang_zhang_2016, title={Porous one-dimensional carbon/iron oxide composite for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high and stable capacity}, volume={672}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.160}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.160}, abstractNote={Hematite iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) is considered to be a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity (1007 mAh g−1), nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the low electrical conductivity and large volume change during Li insertion/extraction of α-Fe2O3 hinder its use in practical batteries. In this study, carbon-coated α-Fe2O3 nanofibers, prepared via an electrospinning method followed by a thermal treatment process, are employed as the anode material for LIBs. The as-prepared porous nanofibers with a carbon content of 12.5 wt% show improved cycling performance and rate capability. They can still deliver a high and stable capacity of 715 mAh g−1 even at superior high current density of 1000 mA g−1 after 200 cycles with a large Coulombic efficiency of 99.2%. Such improved electrochemical performance can be assigned to their unique porous fabric structure as well as the conductive carbon coating which shorten the distance for Li ion transport, enhancing Li ion reversibility and kinetic properties. It is, therefore, demonstrated that carbon-coated α-Fe2O3 nanofiber prepared under optimized conditions is a promising anode material candidate for LIBs.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Ge, Yeqian and Jasper, Samuel and Leary, Jennifer D. and Li, Dawei and Jiang, Mengjin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={79–85} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_zhang_wu_2016, title={Sandwich structure of graphene-protected silicon/carbon nanofibers for lithium-ion battery anodes}, volume={210}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070137/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.086}, abstractNote={Novel sandwich-structured silicon-based anodes have been prepared to inhibit the fragmentation of silicon electrodes typically caused by the large volume changes that occur during charge/discharge processes. An electrostatic self-assembly method and hydrothermal dehydration are used to introduce a reduced graphene oxide layer (rGO) on the surface of silicon/carbon nanofibers (Si/CNFs), which prevent the exfoliation of nano-Si from the electrode bulk to the liquid electrolyte, reduce the electric contact loss, stabilize the electrode’s structural integrity, and improve electrochemical conductivity. The Si/[email protected] exhibit superior electrochemical performance as an anode, retaining a high specific capacity of 1055.1 mAh g−1 up to 130 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, with slight capacity loss. The Si/[email protected] electrode also demonstrates outstanding rate behavior with a reversible capacity of 358.2 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. Results indicate that the graphene layer significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the silicon/carbon nanofiber electrode.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Yanli and Hu, Yi and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Renzhong and He, Xia and Zhang, Xiangwu and Zhang, Yan and Wu, Keshi}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={53–60} }
 @article{chen_hu_shen_chen_he_zhang_zhang_wu_2016, title={Sandwich structure of graphene-protected silicon/carbon nanofibers for lithium-ion battery anodes}, volume={210}, journal={Electrochimica Acta}, author={Chen, Y. L. and Hu, Y. and Shen, Z. and Chen, R. Z. and He, X. and Zhang, X. W. and Zhang, Y. and Wu, K. S.}, year={2016} }
 @article{yanilmaz_lu_zhu_zhang_2016, title={Silica/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofiber membrane separators via sol-gel and electrospinning techniques for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={313}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924661/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.089}, abstractNote={Silica/polyacrylonitrile (SiO2/PAN) hybrid nanofiber membranes were fabricated by using sol-gel and electrospinning techniques and their electrochemical performance was evaluated for use as separators in lithium-ion batteries. The aim of this study was to design high-performance separator membranes with enhanced electrochemical performance and good thermal stability compared to microporous polyolefin membranes. In this study, SiO2 nanoparticle content up to 27 wt% was achieved in the membranes by using sol-gel technique. It was found that SiO2/PAN hybrid nanofiber membranes had superior electrochemical performance with good thermal stability due to their high SiO2 content and large porosity. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membranes, SiO2/PAN hybrid nanofiber membranes had larger liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/PAN hybrid nanofiber membranes with different SiO2 contents (0, 16, 19 and 27 wt%) were also assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells, and high cell capacities and good cycling performance were demonstrated at room temperature. In addition, cells using SiO2/PAN hybrid nanofiber membranes with high SiO2 contents showed superior C-rate performance compared to those with low SiO2 contents and commercial microporous polyolefin membrane.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Yao and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={205–212} }
 @article{yang_yuan_li_zhang_2016, title={Study on an improved bio-electrode made with glucose oxidase immobilized mesoporous carbon in biofuel cells}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924659/}, DOI={10.1039/c5ra27111h}, abstractNote={Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC).}, number={29}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Yang, Xuewei and Yuan, Wenqiao and Li, Dawei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, pages={24451–24457} }
 @article{jiang_zhu_chen_lu_pampal_luo_zhu_zhang_2016, title={Superior high-voltage aqueous carbon/ carbon supercapacitors operating with in situ electrodeposited polyvinyl alcohol borate gel polymer electrolytes}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924664/}, DOI={10.1039/c6ta07063a}, abstractNote={The special ionic conductive mechanism of aqueous polyvinyl alcohol borate gel polymer electrolytes leads to their high operating voltages.}, number={42}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Jiang, Mengjin and Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Pampal, Esra Serife and Luo, Lei and Zhu, Pei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, pages={16588–16596} }
 @article{jiang_zhu_chen_lu_pampal_luo_zhu_zhang_2016, title={Superior high-voltage aqueous carbon/ carbon supercapacitors operating with in situ electrodeposited polyvinyl alcohol borate gel polymer electrolytes}, volume={4}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Jiang, M. J. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Pampal, E. S. and Luo, L. and Zhu, P. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2016} }
 @article{chen_lu_ge_zhu_jiang_li_hu_zhang_2016, title={Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as Anode Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2194-4296"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600205}, DOI={10.1002/ente.201600205}, abstractNote={AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized using a facile electrospinning technique with the addition of urea as a nitrogen‐doping agent. The amount of urea was selectively adjusted to control the degree and effectiveness of N‐doping. The morphology of N‐doped CNFs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, whereas their electrochemical performance was studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments. The nitrogen content of N‐doped CNFs increased significantly from 11.31 % to 19.06 % when the doping amount of urea increased from 0 % to 30 %. N‐doping also played an important role in improving the electrochemical performance of the CNFs by introducing more defects in the carbon structure. Results showed that N‐doped CNFs with the highest nitrogen content (19.06 %) exhibited the largest reversible capacity of 354 mAh g−1 under a current density of 50 mA g−1; and when the current density was increased to 1 A g−1, a capacity of 193 mAh g−1 was still maintained. It is, therefore, demonstrated that N‐doped CNFs have great potential as suitable sodium‐ion battery anode material.}, number={11}, journal={ENERGY TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Zhu, Jiadeng and Jiang, Han and Li, Yongqiang and Hu, Yi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1440–1449} }
 @article{zhu_yanilmaz_fu_chen_lu_ge_kim_zhang_2016, title={Understanding glass fiber membrane used as a novel separator for lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={504}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924654/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2016.01.020}, abstractNote={Glass fiber (GF) membrane is evaluated as a potential separator for lithium–sulfur batteries. It is found that GF membrane has a highly porous structure with superior thermal stability, resulting in high liquid electrolyte uptake and enhanced electrochemical performance. Li–S cells using GF membrane as the separator can retain a capacity of 617 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C, which is 42% higher than that of cells using commercial microporous polypropylene separator. During rate capability tests, the capacity of Li–S cells using GF membrane decreases slowly from the reversible capacity of 616 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C to 505, 394 and 262 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C, respectively. It should be noted that these cells can still deliver a high capacity of 587 mA h g−1 with a high retention of 95% when the current density is lowered back to 0.2 C. The improved cycling and rate performance are ascribed to the fact that the highly porous GF membrane can increase the intake of soluble polysulfide intermediates and slow down their rapid diffusion to the Li anode side, which can not only improve the utilization of active material, but help protect the Li anode surface as well.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Fu, Kun and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Kim, David and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={89–96} }
 @inproceedings{a novel separator for lithium-sulfur batteries_2015, booktitle={Materials Research Society Fall Meeting}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @article{hsieh_kim_zhu_li_zhang_jiang_2015, title={A laser ultrasound transducer using carbon nanofibers-polydimethylsiloxane composite thin film}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1077-3118"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/2826301/}, DOI={10.1063/1.4905659}, abstractNote={The photoacoustic effect has been broadly applied to generate high frequency and broadband acoustic waves using lasers. However, the efficient conversion from laser energy to acoustic power is required to generate acoustic waves with high intensity acoustic pressure (>10 MPa). In this study, we demonstrated laser generated high intensity acoustic waves using carbon nanofibers–polydimethylsiloxane (CNFs-PDMS) thin films. The average diameter of the CNFs is 132.7 ± 11.2 nm. The thickness of the CNFs film and the CNFs-PDMS composite film is 24.4 ± 1.43 μm and 57.9 ± 2.80 μm, respectively. The maximum acoustic pressure is 12.15 ± 1.35 MPa using a 4.2 mJ, 532 nm Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The maximum acoustic pressure using the CNFs-PDMS composite was found to be 7.6-fold (17.62 dB) higher than using carbon black PDMS films. Furthermore, the calculated optoacoustic energy conversion efficiency K of the prepared CNFs-PDMS composite thin films is 15.6 × 10−3 Pa/(W/m2), which is significantly higher than carbon black-PDMS thin films and other reported carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanostructures, and metal thin films. The demonstrated laser generated high intensity ultrasound source can be useful in ultrasound imaging and therapy.}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Hsieh, Bao-Yu and Kim, Jinwook and Zhu, Jiadeng and Li, Sibo and Zhang, Xiangwu and Jiang, Xiaoning}, year={2015}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{advanced materials for high power and high energy density electrochemical capacitors_2015, booktitle={BASF North America Innovation Netwroking Event}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{carbon coated silicon/reduced graphene oxide hybrid structure as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries_2015, booktitle={2015 NC State University Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2015}, month={Aug} }
 @article{dirican_lu_ge_yildiz_zhang_2015, title={Carbon-Confined Sno(2)-Electrodeposited Porous Carbon Nanofiber Composite as High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924673/}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.5b04338}, abstractNote={Sodium resources are inexpensive and abundant, and hence, sodium-ion batteries are promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, lower energy density and poor cycling stability of current sodium-ion batteries prevent their practical implementation for future smart power grid and stationary storage applications. Tin oxides (SnO2) can be potentially used as a high-capacity anode material for future sodium-ion batteries, and they have the advantages of high sodium storage capacity, high abundance, and low toxicity. However, SnO2-based anodes still cannot be used in practical sodium-ion batteries because they experience large volume changes during repetitive charge and discharge cycles. Such large volume changes lead to severe pulverization of the active material and loss of electrical contact between the SnO2 and carbon conductor, which in turn result in rapid capacity loss during cycling. Here, we introduce a new amorphous carbon-coated SnO2-electrodeposited porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF@SnO2@C) composite that not only has high sodium storage capability, but also maintains its structural integrity while ongoing repetitive cycles. Electrochemical results revealed that this SnO2-containing nanofiber composite anode had excellent electrochemical performance including high-capacity (374 mAh g(-1)), good capacity retention (82.7%), and large Coulombic efficiency (98.9% after 100th cycle).}, number={33}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Yildiz, Ozkan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={18387–18396} }
 @article{lu_fu_zhang_li_chen_zhu_yanilmaz_dirican_zhang_2015, title={Centrifugal spinning: A novel approach to fabricate porous carbon fibers as binder-free electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors}, volume={273}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.130}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.130}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), among various carbonaceous candidates for electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes, draw extensive attention because their one-dimensional architecture offers both shortened electron pathways and high ion-accessible sites. Creating porous structures on CNFs yields larger surface area and enhanced capacitive performance. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) were synthesized via centrifugal spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solutions combined with thermal treatment and were used as binder-free EDLC electrodes. Three precursor fibers with PAN/PMMA weight ratios of 9/1, 7/3 and 5/5 were prepared and carbonized at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The highest specific capacitance obtained was 144 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with a rate capability of 74% from 0.1 to 2 A g−1 by PCNFs prepared with PAN/PMMA weight ratio of 7/3 at 900 °C. These PCNFs also showed stable cycling performance. The present work demonstrates that PCNFs are promising EDLC electrode candidate and centrifugal spinning offers a simple, cost-effective strategy to produce PCNFs.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lu, Yao and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Shu and Li, Ying and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Jiadeng and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={502–510} }
 @article{lu_yanilmaz_chen_dirican_ge_zhu_zhang_2015, title={Centrifugally Spun SnO2Microfibers Composed of Interconnected Nanoparticles as the Anode in Sodium-Ion Batteries}, volume={2}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924679/}, DOI={10.1002/celc.201500367}, abstractNote={AbstractSnO2 microfibers were synthesized by using centrifugal spinning technology and were evaluated as the anode in sodium‐ion batteries. The as‐prepared SnO2 microfibers are composed of interconnected nanoparticles with small interparticle openings. The 1‐demensional fibrous morphology, fine particle size, and open pore structure result in reduced electrochemical impedance and enhanced electrochemical performance. The highest capacity achieved is 567 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. At a much higher current density of 640 mA g−1, the microfiber electrode still retains a high capacity of 158 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The SnO2 microfibers also demonstrate good rate performance in a current range of 20–640 mA g−1. The results demonstrate that SnO2 microfibers are a potential anode material candidate for sodium‐ion batteries and that centrifugal spinning offers a feasible solution for the large‐scale production of fibrous electrode materials.}, number={12}, journal={ChemElectroChem}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lu, Yao and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Chen, Chen and Dirican, Mahmut and Ge, Yeqian and Zhu, Jiadeng and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={1947–1956} }
 @article{dirican_yildiz_lu_fang_jiang_kizil_zhang_2015, title={Flexible binder-free silicon/silica/carbon nanofiber composites as anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={169}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.035}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.035}, abstractNote={High-capacity flexible electrode materials for high-energy lithium–ion batteries become critically important with technological improvements on portable and bendable electronic equipment such as rollup displays, implantable medical devices, active radio-frequency identification tags, and wearable devices. Although different types of bendable electrode materials have been introduced, it is very important to fabricate highly-flexible electrode materials with reasonable fabrication technique and high electrochemical performance similar to those of conventional high-capacity electrode materials. Herein, we introduced high-capacity, flexible Si/SiO2/C nanofiber composite anode materials by simple electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment processes. To further improve the long-term cycling performance, additional nanoscale carbon coating of flexible Si/SiO2/C nanofibers was performed by CVD technique. Electrochemical performance results showed that CVD carbon-coated flexible Si/SiO2/C nanofiber composites exhibited high capacity retention of 86.7% and high coulombic efficiency of 96.7% at the 50th cycle. It is, therefore, demonstrated that CVD carbon-coated flexible Si/SiO2/C nanofiber composites are promising anode material candidate for next-generation flexible and high-energy lithium–ion batteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yildiz, Ozkan and Lu, Yao and Fang, Xiaomeng and Jiang, Han and Kizil, Huseyin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={52–60} }
 @article{ge_jiang_zhu_lu_chen_hu_qiu_zhang_2015, title={High cyclability of carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles as anode for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={157}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/10720328/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.086}, abstractNote={Owing to the merits of good chemical stability, elemental abundance and nontoxicity, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn increasing attraction for use as anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Nanostructured TiO2 was able to achieve high energy density. However, nanosized TiO2 is typically electrochemical instable, which leads to poor cycling performance. In order to improve the cycling stability, carbon from thermolysis of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was coated onto TiO2 nanoparticles. Electronic conductivity and electrochemical stability were enhanced by coating carbon onto TiO2 nanoparticles. The resultant carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited high reversible capacity (242.3 mAh g−1), high coulombic efficiency (97.8%), and good capacity retention (87.0%) at 30 mA g−1 over 100 cycles. By comparison, untreated TiO2 nanoparticles showed comparable reversible capacity (237.3 mAh g−1) and coulombic efficiency (96.2%), but poor capacity retention (53.2%) under the same condition. The rate performance of carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles was also displayed as high as 127.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 800 mA g−1. The improved cycling performance and rate capability were mostly attributed to protective carbon layer helping stablize solid electrolyte interface formation of TiO2 nanoparticles and improving the electronic conductivity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles are promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ge, Yeqian and Jiang, Han and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Hu, Yi and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={142–148} }
 @article{yildiz_stano_faraji_stone_willis_zhang_jur_bradford_2015, title={High performance carbon nanotube - polymer nanofiber hybrid fabrics}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2040-3372"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924675/}, DOI={10.1039/c5nr02732b}, abstractNote={A novel hybridization process combining carbon nanotube sheet drawing and electrospinning is a versatile way to produce multifunctional, binder free fabrics which contain ultra high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes intermingled with polymer nanofibers.}, number={40}, journal={NANOSCALE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Yildiz, Ozkan and Stano, Kelly and Faraji, Shaghayegh and Stone, Corinne and Willis, Colin and Zhang, Xiangwu and Jur, Jesse S. and Bradford, Philip D.}, year={2015}, pages={16744–16754} }
 @inproceedings{high-performance room-temperature sodium-ion batteries for low-cost stationary energy storage_2015, booktitle={BASF North America Innovation Netwroking Event}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @article{zang_ye_fang_zhang_zheng_dong_2015, title={Hollow-in-Hollow Carbon Spheres for Lithium-ion Batteries with Superior Capacity and Cyclic Performance}, volume={186}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924677/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.002}, abstractNote={Hollow spheres structured materials have been intensively pursued due to their unique properties for energy storage. In this paper, hollow-in-hollow carbon spheres (HIHCS) with a multi-shelled structure were successfully synthesized using a facile hard-templating procedure. When evaluated as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the resultant HIHCS anode exhibited superior capacity and cycling stability than HCS. It could deliver reversible capacities of 937, 481, 401, 304 and 236 mAh g−1 at current densities of 0.1 A g−1, 1 A g−1, 2 A g−1, 5 A g−1 and 10 A g−1, respectively. And capacity fading is not apparent in 500 cycles at 5 A g−1. The excellent performance of the HIHCS anode is ascribed to its unique hollow-in-hollow structure and high specific surface area.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zang, Jun and Ye, Jianchuan and Fang, Xiaoliang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Zheng, Mingsen and Dong, Quanfeng}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={436–441} }
 @article{lu_yanilmaz_chen_ge_dirican_zhu_li_zhang_2015, title={Lithium-substituted sodium layered transition metal oxide fibers as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries}, volume={1}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924680/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ensm.2015.09.005}, abstractNote={Na layered transition metal oxide fibers with/without partial Li substitution were prepared by the combination of a novel centrifugal spinning method and thermal treatment. Compared to the Li-free fibers, the Li-substituted Na layered transition metal oxide fiber cathodes exhibit higher capacities, better cycling stability and enhanced rate capability. Among the studied Li-substituted Na layered transition metal oxide fibers, Na0.8Li0.4Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 demonstrates the best overall electrochemical performance. The highest capacity of 138 mA h g−1 is achieved at 15 mA g−1. As the current density increased to 75 and 300 mA g−1, Na0.8Li0.4Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 fibers still deliver high capacities of 113 and 94 mA h g−1, respectively. This specific fiber composition also yields stable cycling performance and superior rate performance at various current densities between 15–600 mA g−1. The results suggest that partial Li substitution is an effective method to stabilize the structure of the Na layered transition metal oxide cathodes and hence enhance the electrochemical performance. It is also demonstrated that centrifugal spinning can be an attractive technology for mass production of micro-sized, fibrous electrodes.}, journal={Energy Storage Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lu, Yao and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Chen, Chen and Ge, Yeqian and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhu, Jiadeng and Li, Yongqiang and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={74–81} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_lee_zhang_2015, title={Nanofiber-Based Membrane Separators for Lithium-ion Batteries}, volume={1718}, ISBN={["978-1-60511-695-2"]}, ISSN={["0272-9172"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924678/}, DOI={10.1557/opl.2015.556}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTNanofiber-based membranes were prepared by two different methods for use as separators for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the first method, Electrospinning was used for the fabrication of Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF nanofiber coatings on polyolefin microporous membrane separators to improve their electrolyte uptake and electrochemical performance. The nanofiber-coated membrane separators show better electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity than that for the uncoated membranes. In the second method, Forcespinning® (FS) was used to fabricate fibrous cellulose membranes as separators for LIBs. The cellulose fibrous membranes were made by the Forcespinning® of a cellulose acetate solution precursor followed by a subsequent alkaline hydrolysis treatment. The results show that the fibrous cellulose membrane-based separator exhibits high electrolyte uptake and good electrolyte/electrode wettability and therefore can be a good candidate for high performance and high safety LIB separators.}, journal={MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLYMERIC AND HYBRID MATERIALS}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, pages={157–161} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_lee_zhang_2015, title={Nanofiber-based membrane separators for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={1718}, journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings}, author={Alcoutlabi, M. and Lee, H. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2015} }
 @article{li_lv_zhu_lu_chen_zhang_wei_2015, title={NiCu Alloy Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers for Phenolic Biosensor Applications}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1424-8220"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924676/}, DOI={10.3390/s151129419}, abstractNote={NiCu alloy nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers (NiCuCNFs) were fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods. A series of characterizations, including SEM, TEM and XRD, were employed to study the NiCuCNFs. The as-prepared NiCuCNFs were then mixed with laccase (Lac) and Nafion to form a novel biosensor. NiCuCNFs successfully achieved the direct electron transfer of Lac. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to study the electrochemical properties of the biosensor. The finally prepared biosensor showed favorable electrocatalytic effects toward hydroquinone. The detection limit was 90 nM (S/N = 3), the sensitivity was 1.5 µA µM−1, the detection linear range was 4 × 10−7–2.37 × 10−6 M. In addition, this biosensor exhibited satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference properties and stability. Besides, the sensor achieved the detection of hydroquinone in lake water.}, number={11}, journal={SENSORS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Li, Dawei and Lv, Pengfei and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wei, Qufu}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={29419–29433} }
 @article{zhu_chen_lu_ge_jiang_fu_zhang_2015, title={Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers derived from polyacrylonitrile for use as anode material in sodium-ion batteries}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924672/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2015.06.076}, abstractNote={Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) derived from polyacrylonitrile were successfully synthesized by a combination of electrospinning and thermal treatment processes. The as-prepared N-CNFs were used as anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to their unique fabric and weakly-ordered turbostratic structure as well as large spacing between graphene layers. Results show that N-CNFs carbonized at 800 °C delivered a high reversible capacity of 293 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 in the first cycle. Even though the first-cycle Coulombic efficiency was 64%, it increased to nearly 100% only after a few initial cycles. Additionally, these N-CNFs showed excellent cycling and high-rate performance, and maintained a capacity of up to 150 mAh g−1 even at an extremely high current density of 1000 mA g−1 for over 200 cycles. It is, therefore, demonstrated that N-CNFs prepared under appropriate conditions are promising anode material candidate for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Ge, Yeqian and Jiang, Han and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={189–195} }
 @inproceedings{photoactivated materials for antimicrobial applications_2015, booktitle={BASF North America Innovation Netwroking Event}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @article{nawalakhe_shi_vitchuli_bourham_zhang_mccord_2015, title={Plasma-Assisted Preparation of High-Performance Chitosan Nanofibers/Gauze Composite Bandages}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1563-535X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924670/}, DOI={10.1080/00914037.2014.1002098}, abstractNote={In this work, novel composite bandages were prepared by electrospinning chitosan nanofibers on 100% cotton substrate fabric. In the composite bandages, chitosan nanofiber web serves as a primary wound dressing whereas cotton substrate as a backing material. Cotton substrate was given plasma pretreatment and composite bandages were given plasma posttreatment to improve the durability of composite bandages and adhesion between nanofiber and cotton substrate layers. The adhesion of the nanofibers to the substrates was assessed by qualitative and quantitative techniques. Plasma pretreatment of the substrate with 100% helium and 99% helium/1% oxygen plasmas showed up to four times increase in force required to peel off the nanofiber layer. Even more increase in adhesion was obtained when composite bandages were given plasma pretreatment to substrate as well as posttreatment to composite bandages. Storage modulus, glass transition temperature, and crystallinity of untreated He and He/O2-plasma treated chitosan nanofiber web were studied to observe the effect of plasma treatment on the chitosan nanofibers using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle X-ray diffraction, respectively. To understand the mechanism of improved adhesion, surface elemental analysis of plasma treated chitosan nanofibers and cotton substrate was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT}, number={14}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nawalakhe, Rupesh and Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Bourham, Mohamed A. and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian G.}, year={2015}, pages={709–717} }
 @article{yanilmaz_zhang_2015, title={Polymethylmethacrylate/Polyacrylonitrile Membranes via Centrifugal Spinning as Separator in Li-Ion Batteries}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2073-4360"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924671/}, DOI={10.3390/polym7040629}, abstractNote={Electrospun nanofiber membranes have been extensively studied as separators in Li-ion batteries due to their large porosity, unique pore structure, and high electrolyte uptake. However, the electrospinning process has some serious drawbacks, such as low spinning rate and high production cost. The centrifugal spinning technique can be used as a fast, cost-effective and safe technique to fabricate high-performance fiber-based separators. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with different blend ratios were produced via centrifugal spinning and characterized by using different electrochemical techniques for use as separators in Li-ion batteries. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membrane, centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membranes had larger ionic conductivity, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. Centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membrane separators were assembled into Li/LiFePO4 cells and these cells delivered high capacities and exhibited good cycling performance at room temperature. In addition, cells using centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membrane separators showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes. It is, therefore, demonstrated that centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membranes are promising separator candidate for high-performance Li-ion batteries.}, number={4}, journal={POLYMERS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={629–643} }
 @article{li_li_lv_ullah_wang_wang_zhang_wei_2015, title={Preparation of a graphene-loaded carbon nanofiber composite with enhanced graphitization and conductivity for biosensing applications}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924668/}, DOI={10.1039/c5ra03310a}, abstractNote={G/CNF was prepared for the first time by a facile method and it was successfully applied in laccase based biosensor.}, number={39}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Li, Dawei and Li, Guohui and Lv, Pengfei and Ullah, Naseeb and Wang, Cheng and Wang, Qingqing and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wei, Qufu}, year={2015}, pages={30602–30609} }
 @article{li_li_lv_ullah_wang_wang_zhang_wei_2015, title={Preparation of a graphene-loaded carbon nanofiber composite with enhanced graphitization and conductivity for biosensing applications}, volume={5}, journal={RSC Advances}, author={Li, D. W. and Li, G. H. and Lv, P. F. and Ullah, N. and Wang, C. and Wang, Q. Q. and Zhang, X. W. and Wei, Q. F.}, year={2015} }
 @article{chen_hu_shao_shen_chen_zhang_he_song_xing_2015, title={Pyrolytic carbon-coated silicon/carbon nanofiber composite anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries}, volume={298}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070140/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.058}, abstractNote={Pyrolytic carbon-coated Si/C nanofibers (Si/C-CNFs) composites have been prepared through the sucrose coating and secondary thermal treatment of Si/CNFs composites produced via electrospinning and carbonization. This results in a structure in which Si nanoparticles are distributed along the fibers, with the fiber surface being coated with an amorphous carbon layer through pyrolysis of the sucrose. This carbon coating not only limits the volume expansion of the exposed Si nanoparticles, preventing their direct contact with the electrolyte, but also creates a connection between the fibers that is beneficial to Li+ ion transport, structural integrity, and electrochemical conductivity. Consequently, the Si/C-CNFs composite exhibits a more stable cycle performance, better rate performance, and higher conductivity than Si/CNFs alone. The optimal level of performance was attained with a 20:200 mass ratio of sucrose to deionized water, with a high retained capacity of 1215.2 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, thus indicating that it is a suitable anode material for Li-ion batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Yanli and Hu, Yi and Shao, Jianzhong and Shen, Zhen and Chen, Renzhong and Zhang, Xiangwu and He, Xia and Song, Yuanze and Xing, Xiuli}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={130–137} }
 @article{chen_hu_shao_shen_chen_zhang_he_song_xing_2015, title={Pyrolytic carbon-coated silicon/carbon nanofiber composite anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries}, volume={298}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Chen, Y. L. and Hu, Y. and Shao, J. Z. and Shen, Z. and Chen, R. Z. and Zhang, X. W. and He, X. and Song, Y. Z. and Xing, X. L.}, year={2015} }
 @article{dirican_lu_fu_kizil_zhang_2015, title={SiO2-confined silicon/carbon nanofiber composites as an anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/20548465/}, DOI={10.1039/c5ra03129j}, abstractNote={A nanoscale silica coating of silicon/carbon nanofibers enabled stable solid electrolyte interphase formation on an electrode surface and improved cycling performance.}, number={44}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Lu, Yao and Fu, Kun and Kizil, Huseyin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, pages={34744–34751} }
 @article{yanilmaz_lu_li_zhang_2015, title={SiO2/polyacrylonitrile membranes via centrifugal spinning as a separator for Li-ion batteries}, volume={273}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.015}, abstractNote={Centrifugal spinning is a fast, cost-effective and safe alternative to the electrospinning technique, which is commonly used for making fiber-based separator membranes. In this work, SiO2/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes were produced by using centrifugal spinning and they were characterized by using different electrochemical techniques for use as separators in Li-ion batteries. SiO2/PAN membranes exhibited good wettability and high ionic conductivity due to their highly porous fibrous structure. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membranes, SiO2/PAN membranes had larger liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/PAN membrane separators were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells and these cells delivered high capacities and exhibited good cycling performance at room temperature. In addition, cells using SiO2/PAN membranes showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using microporous PP membrane.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Yao and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={1114–1119} }
 @article{ge_zhu_lu_chen_qiu_zhang_2015, title={The study on structure and electrochemical sodiation of one-dimensional nanocrystalline TiO2@C nanofiber composites}, volume={176}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924674/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.105}, abstractNote={Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a prospective anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries, owing to the advantages of good chemical stability, elemental abundance and nontoxicity. In this work, TiO2 embedded in carbon nanofiber (TiO2@CNF) composites are prepared for high-performance sodium-ion batteries by electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment in N2 at different temperatures. With increase in heat-treatment temperature, the diameter of nanofibers decreases and the crystal phase partially transforms from anatase to rutile. Among all composites, the TiO2@CNF composite treated at 550 °C has anatase structure and exhibits the highest initial reversible capacity (237.3 mAh g−1), largest initial coulombic efficiency (68.2%), and superior capacity retention (100.3%) over 100 cycles at 30 mA g−1. Whereas, the TiO2@CNF composite treated at 650 °C is 28.23% rutile and 71.77% anatase, and shows the best rate capability of 159.1 mAh g−1 even at current density of 800 mA g−1. It is, therefore, demonstrated that TiO2@CNF composites prepared with appropriate conditions are superior anode material for sodium-ion batteries.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ge, Yeqian and Zhu, Jiadeng and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={989–996} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_zhang_wang_chen_2015, title={Tin nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofiber composite anodes for high current lithium-ion batteries}, volume={278}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/16070141/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.106}, abstractNote={Metallic Sn is a promising high-capacity anode material for use in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but its huge volume variation during lithium ion insertion/extraction typically results in poor cycling stability. To address this, we demonstrate the fabrication of Sn nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofiber (Sn-PCNF) composites via the electrospinning of Sn(II) acetate/mineral oil/polyacrylonitrile precursors in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and their subsequent carbonization at 700 °C under an argon atmosphere. This is shown to result in an even distribution of pores on the surface of the nanofibers, allowing the Sn-PCNF composite to be used directly as an anode in lithium-ion batteries without the need to add non-active materials such as polymer binders or electrical conductors. With a discharge capacity of around 774 mA h g−1 achieved at a high current of 0.8 A g−1 over 200 cycles, this material clearly has a high rate capability and excellent cyclic stability, and thanks to its unique structure and properties, is an excellent candidate for use as an anode material in high-current rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Shen, Zhen and Hu, Yi and Chen, Yanli and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wang, Kehao and Chen, Renzhong}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={660–667} }
 @article{shen_hu_chen_zhang_wang_chen_2015, title={Tin nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofiber composite anodes for high current lithium-ion batteries}, volume={278}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Shen, Z. and Hu, Y. and Chen, Y. L. and Zhang, X. W. and Wang, K. H. and Chen, R. Z.}, year={2015} }
 @article{chen_fu_lu_zhu_xue_hu_zhang_2015, title={Use of a tin antimony alloy-filled porous carbon nanofiber composite as an anode in sodium-ion batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924669/}, DOI={10.1039/c5ra01729g}, abstractNote={A tin antimony alloy-filled porous carbon nanofiber composite prepared by electrospinning exhibited high capacity and stable rate capability for use as an anode material in next-generation sodium-ion batteries.}, number={39}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Chen, Chen and Fu, Kun and Lu, Yao and Zhu, Jiadeng and Xue, Leigang and Hu, Yi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, pages={30793–30800} }
 @misc{lee_yanilmaz_toprakci_fu_zhang_2014, title={A review of recent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1754-5706"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674379/}, DOI={10.1039/c4ee01432d}, abstractNote={The separator of a lithium-ion battery prevents the direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes while serving as the electrolyte reservoir to enable the transportation of lithium ions between the two electrodes.}, number={12}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Lee, Hun and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Toprakci, Ozan and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={3857–3886} }
 @inproceedings{advanced lithium-sulfur batteries_2014, booktitle={Triangle Student Research Competition}, year={2014}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{advanced silicon-carbon composites and sulfur-carbon composites for lithium-ion- sulfur batteries_2014, booktitle={TECS Scientific Advisory Board Meeting}, year={2014}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{advanced silicon-carbon composites as anode for lithium-ion batteries_2014, booktitle={FREEDM Systems Center Industry Annual Review and Conference}, year={2014}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dirican_yanilmaz_fu_yildiz_kizil_hu_zhang_2014, title={Carbon-Confined PVA-Derived Silicon/Silica/Carbon Nanofiber Composites as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={161}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/20548471/}, DOI={10.1149/2.0811414jes}, abstractNote={component of the composite anodes provided sufficient buffer function toaccommodate the volume expansion of the Si nanoparticles and the CVD amorphous carbon coating helped maintain the Sinanoparticleswithinthecarbonnanofibermatrixduringrepetitivecharginganddischargingprocesses.Electrochemicalperformancetests showed that the capacity retention of CVD carbon-coated Si/SiO}, number={14}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, publisher={The Electrochemical Society}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Fu, Kun and Yildiz, Ozkan and Kizil, Huseyin and Hu, Yi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={A2197–A2203} }
 @article{dirican_yanilmaz_fu_lu_kizil_zhang_2014, title={Carbon-enhanced electrodeposited SnO2/carbon nanofiber composites as anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={264}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/20548470/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.102}, abstractNote={Tin oxides (SnO2) are promising anode material candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity, low cost, high abundance, and low toxicity. However, the practical use of SnO2 anodes is currently limited by their large volume changes during cycling. Severe volume changes of SnO2 anodes lead to intense pulverization and loss of electrical contact between the active material and carbon conductor. Herein, we introduce binder-free SnO2-electrodeposited carbon nanofibers (CNF@SnO2) and SnO2-electrodeposited porous carbon nanofibers (PCNF@SnO2) composites that can maintain their structural stability during repeated charge–discharge cycling. Results indicated that the amount of the electrodeposited SnO2 nanoparticles and the capacity of the resultant composites were successfully enhanced by using a porous nanofiber structure. Both CNF@SnO2 and PCNF@SnO2 composites were also coated with amorphous carbon layers by chemical vapor deposition to further improve the structural stability. Electrochemical performance results demonstrated that the combination of porous nanofiber structure and CVD amorphous coating led to a novel carbon-coated PCNF@SnO2 composite anode with high capacity retention of 78% and large coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at the 100th cycle.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Fu, Kun and Lu, Yao and Kizil, Huseyin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={240–247} }
 @inproceedings{centrifugal spinning-a novel approach to fabricate porous carbon nanofibers as electrodes for supercapacitors_2014, booktitle={TECS Scientific Advisory Board Meeting}, year={2014}, month={Apr} }
 @misc{zhang_lu_2014, title={Centrifugal Spinning: An Alternative Approach to Fabricate Nanofibers at High Speed and Low Cost}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1558-3716"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924688/}, DOI={10.1080/15583724.2014.935858}, abstractNote={Nanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, battery separators, energy storage, etc. So far, electrospinning is the most used method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited mainly due to its low production rate. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as melt-blowing, bicomponent fiber spinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of polymers. Centrifugal spinning is an alternative method for producing nanofibers from various materials at high speed and low cost. In centrifugal spinning, the spinning fluid is placed in a rotating spinning head. When the rotating speed reaches a critical value, the centrifugal force overcomes the surface tension of the spinning fluid to eject a liquid jet from the nozzle tip of the spinning head. The jet then undergoes a stretching process and is eventually deposited on the collector, forming solidified nanofibers. Centrifugal spinning is simple and enables the rapid fabrication of nanofibers for various applications. This article gives an overview on the centrifugal spinning process, and compares it with conventional nanofiber production methods.}, number={4}, journal={POLYMER REVIEWS}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Lu, Yao}, year={2014}, pages={677–701} }
 @article{zhang_lu_2014, title={Centrifugal spinning: An alternative approach to fabricate nanofibers at high speed and low cost}, volume={54}, journal={Polymer Reviews}, author={Zhang, X. W. and Lu, Y.}, year={2014} }
 @article{jiang_ge_fu_lu_chen_zhu_dirican_zhang_2015, title={Centrifugally-spun tin-containing carbon nanofibers as anode material for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924667/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-014-8666-5}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Jiang, Han and Ge, Yeqian and Fu, Kun and Lu, Yao and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Jiadeng and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={1094–1102} }
 @article{fu_lu_dirican_chen_yanilmaz_shi_bradford_zhang_2014, title={Chamber-confined silicon-carbon nanofiber composites for prolonged cycling life of Li-ion batteries}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2040-3372"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924684/}, DOI={10.1039/c4nr00518j}, abstractNote={Silicon is confined within the empty chambers of carbon nanofibers, in which the volume expansion of Si can be buffered and SEI formation is controlled. This self-supported composite is a promising electrode candidate for use in flexible batteries.}, number={13}, journal={NANOSCALE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Fu, Kun and Lu, Yao and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Chen and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Shi, Quan and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={7489–7495} }
 @article{li_xu_yao_xue_yanilmaz_lee_zhang_2014, title={Coaxial electrospun Si/C-C core-shell composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={258}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754002/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2014.02.003}, abstractNote={Si/C–C core–shell nanofiber structure was designed by dual nozzle coaxial electrospinning and subsequent carbonization. This core–shell nanofiber structure has Si/C composite as the core and carbon as the shell. Used as an anode in lithium-ion batteries, the carbon shell can help buffer the large volume expansion/contraction of the Si/C core during charge/discharge and restrain the capacity fading caused by the mechanical failure of the active material. Results showed that after 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of Si/C–C core–shell composite nanofibers was 63% higher than that of Si/C composite nanofibers and the capacity retention increased from 48.6 to 72.4%. It is, therefore, demonstrated that Si/C–C core–shell composite nanofibers are promising anode material with large reversible capacity and good cycling stability.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Xue, Leigang and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={67–73} }
 @article{li_chen_fu_xue_zhao_zhang_hu_zhou_zhang_2014, title={Comparison of Si/C, Ge/C and Sn/C composite nanofiber anodes used in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924681/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2013.10.063}, abstractNote={Alloy anodes (Si, Ge and Sn) electrospun into carbon nanofibers as binder-free electrodes were synthesized and studied for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Alloy anode materials suffer from serious volume changes and nanoparticle aggregations during lithium insertion and extraction, resulting in rapid pulverization and capacity loss. Carbon nanofibers could help preserve the alloy anode materials during repeated cycling, and consequently maintain the cycling stability. In this work, it was found that with the increase in the amount of Si, Ge and Sn, the cycling stability was decreased due to the formation of large clusters within the carbon nanofiber matrix. Compared with Si/carbon nanofibers, Ge/carbon and Sn/carbon exhibited better cycling performance due to their improved nanoparticle distribution and smaller volume changes. The failure mechanism of the Si/carbon structure was explained in this article. It is believed that this study on Si/carbon, Ge/carbon and Sn/carbon composite nanofiber electrodes could help in designing alloy-based carbon composites with various structures for advanced lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Fu, Kun and Xue, Leigang and Zhao, Chengxin and Zhang, Shu and Hu, Yi and Zhou, Lan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={17–26} }
 @article{li_chen_fu_xue_zhao_zhang_hu_zhou_zhang_2014, title={Comparison of Si/C, Ge/C and Sn/C composite nanofiber anodes used in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, journal={Solid State Ionics}, author={Li, S. L. and Chen, C. and Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Zhao, C. X. and Zhang, S. and Hu, Y. and Zhou, L. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2014} }
 @article{ge_jiang_fu_zhang_zhu_chen_lu_qiu_zhang_2014, title={Copper-doped Li4Ti5O12/carbon nanofiber composites as anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries}, volume={272}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.131}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.131}, abstractNote={Lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) is a promising anode material, owing to its superior safety and reliability. However, the main challenge of Li4Ti5O12 is the low material conductivity which restricts its electrochemical performance. In order to use Li4Ti5O12 in practical sodium-ion batteries, copper-doped Li4Ti5O12 (Li4−xCuxTi5O12, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) nanoparticles were prepared to enhance the electronic conductivity. Copper-doped Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles were then embedded in continuous carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which gave rise to fast electron transfer along the fiber direction. After copper-doping and CNF embedding, the resultant copper-doped Li4Ti5O12/CNFs achieved excellent reversible capacity (158.1 mAh g−1) at 30 mA g−1, high coulombic efficiency (99.87%), and good capacity retention (91%) after 150 cycles. In addition, copper-doped Li4Ti5O12/CNFs also exhibited good rate capability. It is, therefore, demonstrated that copper-doped Li4Ti5O12/CNFs are promising anode candidate.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ge, Yeqian and Jiang, Han and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Changhuan and Zhu, Jiadeng and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={860–865} }
 @article{ge_jiang_fu_zhang_zhu_chen_lu_qiu_zhang_2014, title={Copper-doped Li4Ti5O12/carbon nanofiber composites as anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries}, volume={272}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Ge, Y. Q. and Jiang, H. and Fu, K. and Zhang, C. H. and Zhu, J. D. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Qiu, Y. P. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2014} }
 @article{electrospun nanofibers for design and fabrication of electrocatalysts and electrolyte membranes for fuel cells_2014, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924685/}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-54160-5_2}, abstractNote={In the past decades, in response to the energy needs of modern society and emerging ecological concerns, the pursuit of novel, low-cost, and environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems has raised significant interest. Among these systems, fuel cells have gained much attention for their high efficiency and high power density, with low greenhouse gas emission. As one of the most promising and versatile fabrication methods for one-dimensional mesostructured nanomaterials composed of organic, inorganic, metallic, or hybrid components prepared as randomly or orientedly arranged continuous nanofibrous mats with possibilities of ordered internal morphologies such as core-sheath, hollow, or porous fibers, or even multichanneled microtubes, electrospinning has been widely investigated to fabricate electrocatalysts and electrolyte materials applied in fuel cells because of their dimensional, directional, and compositional flexibility. In this chapter, the application of electrospun nanofibers for the specific design and fabrication of different components is reviewed in detail. Particular progresses with the use of electrospun nanofibers on improved fuel cell performance, such as power density, ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance, and chemical stability, as well as mechanical strength are emphasized, which, as we hope, can trigger further development and evolution of fuel cells as one potential energy conversion device and system.}, journal={Electrospun Nanofibers for Energy and Environmental Applications}, year={2014} }
 @article{yanilmaz_dirican_zhang_2014, title={Evaluation of electrospun SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membranes as a thermally-stable separator for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={133}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924686/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.109}, abstractNote={Electrospun SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membranes were fabricated and their electrochemical performance was evaluated for use as separators in Li-ion batteries. The aim of this study was to design new high-performance separator membranes with enhanced mechanical properties and good thermal stability, as well as superior electrochemical performance compared to microporous polyolefin membranes. It was found that SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membranes had superior thermal stability and mechanical strength with highly porous structure. Enhanced electrochemical properties were also obtained for these nanofiber membranes due to their high porosity values. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membranes, SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membranes had larger liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membranes with different SiO2 contents (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) were assembled into lithium/lithium cobalt oxide and lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells. High cell capacities and good cycling performance were demonstrated at room temperature. In addition, cells using SiO2/nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane separators showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using commercial microporous polyolefin membrane.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={501–508} }
 @article{dirican_yanilmaz_zhang_2014, title={Free-standing polyaniline-porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924689/}, DOI={10.1039/c4ra09103e}, abstractNote={Polyaniline–porous carbon nanofiber composites were introduced for use as flexible, binder-less electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.}, number={103}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Dirican, Mahmut and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={59427–59435} }
 @book{zhang_2014, title={Fundamentals of fiber science}, publisher={Lancaster, Pa.: Destech Publications, Inc.}, author={Zhang, X.}, year={2014} }
 @article{zhang_2014, title={Fundamentals of fiber science}, author={Zhang, X.}, year={2014} }
 @article{yanilmaz_lu_dirican_fu_zhang_2014, title={Nanoparticle-on-nanofiber hybrid membrane separators for lithium-ion batteries via combining electrospraying and electrospinning techniques}, volume={456}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924682/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.022}, abstractNote={Nanoparticle-on-nanofiber hybrid membranes were prepared by electrospraying of SiO2 dispersions and electrospinning of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution simultaneously. The aim of this study was to design new high-performance separator membranes with superior electrochemical properties such as high C-rate performance and good thermal stability compared to polyolefin based membranes. Uniform, bead-free fibrous structure with high amount of SiO2 nanoparticles exposed on PVDF nanofiber surfaces was observed. It was found that wettability and ionic conductivity were improved by dispersing SiO2 nanoparticles onto PVDF nanofiber surfaces. Electrochemical properties were enhanced due to the increased surface area caused by the unique hybrid structure of SiO2 nanoparticles and PVDF nanofibers. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membranes, SiO2/PVDF hybrid membranes had larger liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/PVDF hybrid membrane separators were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells and demonstrated high cell capacities and good cycling performance at room temperature. In addition, cells using SiO2/PVDF hybrid membrane separators showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using commercial microporous PP membrane.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Yao and Dirican, Mahmut and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={57–65} }
 @article{li_chen_fu_white_zhao_bradford_zhang_2014, title={Nanosized Ge@CNF, Ge@C@CNF and Ge@CNF@C composites via chemical vapour deposition method for use in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={253}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11652066/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.017}, abstractNote={Three distinct Ge nanoparticle-filled carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites, [email protected], [email protected]@CNF and [email protected]@C, were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrospinning techniques. These different structures were prepared by: 1) dispersing Ge nanoparticles into CNF, 2) adding carbon-coated Ge nanoparticles ([email protected]) prepared by CVD into CNF, and 3) depositing CVD carbon onto [email protected], respectively. Compared with the [email protected] composite, both [email protected]@CNF and [email protected]@C had additional amorphous carbon coating fabricated by the CVD method. The three composites were studied as binder-free electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Raw Ge anode materials suffered from serious volume changes and nanoparticle aggregations during cycling, resulting in pulverization and capacity loss. However, carbon nanofiber and the supplemental CVD carbon layer in these nanofiber composites could help preserve the structural integrity of the alloy anode materials during repeated cycling, and consequently, lead to improved cycling stability. In this work, it was found that among the three composites, [email protected]@C exhibited the highest capacity retention of 89% at the 50th cycle due to the structurally-durable thorn-like Ge morphology and the additional CVD carbon confinement. [email protected] and [email protected]@CNF encountered rapid capacity loss because large Ge clusters were formed and jeopardized the integrity of the electrode structure during cycling.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Fu, Kun and White, Ryan and Zhao, Chengxin and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={366–372} }
 @inproceedings{new sodium-ion battery electrode materials_2014, booktitle={FREEDM Systems Center Annual Review Meeting}, year={2014}, month={May} }
 @article{li_hu_lu_zhang_xu_fu_li_chen_zhou_xia_et al._2014, title={One-dimensional SiOC/C composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754003/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.044}, abstractNote={One-dimensional silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/C composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment. Introducing carbon matrix to SiOC anode material is an efficient way to accommodate the large volume changes during cycling and also increase the amount of free carbon, which is beneficial for improving the reversible capacity. These SiOC/C composite nanofibers form free-standing conductive membranes that can be used directly as battery electrodes without adding carbon black or polymer binder. Results show that after 80 cycles, the discharge capacity of SiOC/C composite nanofiber anodes is 70% higher than that of Si/C nanofiber anodes and more than 1.5 times larger than those of commercial anodes made from graphite. It is, therefore, demonstrated that one-dimensional SiOC/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities and good cycling stability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Ying and Hu, Yi and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Xu, Guanjie and Fu, Kun and Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Zhou, Lan and Xia, Xin and et al.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={33–38} }
 @article{li_hu_lu_zhang_xu_fu_li_chen_zhou_xia_et al._2014, title={One-dimensional SiOC/C composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Li, Y. and Hu, Y. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, S. and Xu, G. J. and Fu, K. and Li, S. L. and Chen, C. and Zhou, L. and Xia, X. and et al.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{polyacrylonitrile-based carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries_2014, booktitle={NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2014}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lu_zhang_li_xue_xu_zhang_2014, title={Preparation and characterization of carbon-coated NaVPO4F as cathode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries}, volume={247}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178355/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.018}, abstractNote={Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NaVPO4F), a material candidate for sodium-ion battery cathodes, was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction approach. Different amounts of carbon coating were introduced in NaVPO4F to improve its electrochemical performance. The structure and morphology of the resultant cathode materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge curve, cycling performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest capacity achieved for this material was 97.8 mAh g−1 and the best capacity retention was 89% at the 20th cycle. Results demonstrated that appropriate amount of carbon coating could effectively improve the electrochemical performance of NaVPO4F, and carbon-coated NaVPO4F could offer promising future for sodium-ion battery cathode materials.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Li, Ying and Xue, Leigang and Xu, Guanjie and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={770–777} }
 @article{lee_alcoutlabi_toprakci_xu_watson_zhang_2014, title={Preparation and characterization of electrospun nanofiber-coated membrane separators for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1433-0768"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674382/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-014-2501-4}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Lee, Hun and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Toprakci, Ozan and Xu, Guanjie and Watson, Jill V. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={2451–2458} }
 @article{fu_li_dirican_chen_lu_zhu_li_cao_bradford_zhang_et al._2014, title={Sulfur gradient-distributed CNF composite: a self-inhibiting cathode for binder-free lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1364-548X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924687/}, DOI={10.1039/c4cc04970e}, abstractNote={A novel sulfur gradient cathode was developed with a high specific capacity and improved cycling stability for Li–S batteries.}, number={71}, journal={CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Fu, Kun and Li, Yanpeng and Dirican, Mahmut and Chen, Chen and Lu, Yao and Zhu, Jiadeng and Li, Yao and Cao, Linyou and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2014}, pages={10277–10280} }
 @article{fu_li_dirican_chen_lu_zhu_li_cao_bradford_zhang_2014, title={Sulfur gradient-distributed CNF composite: a self-inhibiting cathode for binder-free lithium-sulfur batteries}, volume={50}, journal={Chemical Communications}, author={Fu, K. and Li, Y. P. and Dirican, M. and Chen, C. and Lu, Y. and Zhu, J. D. and Li, Y. and Cao, L. Y. and Bradford, P. D. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2014} }
 @article{xia_wang_zhou_niu_xue_zhang_wei_2014, title={The effects of electrospinning parameters on coaxial Sn/C nanofibers: Morphology and lithium storage performance}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924683/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.004}, abstractNote={For tin-based anode materials that suffer from poor cycling stability due to severe volume changes upon lithiation/delithiation processes, the morphology control method might provide a solution. Today, coaxial core-shell structure has attracted wide attention due to its ability to accommodate the volume changes of tin (core), which is well encapsulated in the carbon matrix (shell). Coaxial electrospinning is a simple and effective method to prepare this kind of material. In this work, tin was dispersed in the carbon core and then coated a carbon shell to form Sn@C/C nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning. Flow ratio and tin content were investigated as two main critical factors for controlling the core/shell structure, so as to improve the cycling preference of tin anodes. When tested as a lithium-ion battery anode, the material not only showed higher reversible specific capacity (626 mAh g−1) than pure carbon nanofibers, but also exhibited better cycling performance (50 cycles with 73% capacity retention), indicating that the volume change problem of tin anodes has been well resolved by this morphology control.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xia, Xin and Wang, Xin and Zhou, Huiming and Niu, Xiao and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Wei, Qufu}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={345–351} }
 @article{li_sun_xu_lu_zhang_xue_jur_zhang_2014, title={Tuning electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing atomic layer deposition alumina coating}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754001/}, DOI={10.1039/c4ta01562b}, abstractNote={A free-standing, conductive and three-dimensional network of Al2O3-coated Si/C composite nanofibers is fabricated by a single-nozzle electrospinning and atomic layer deposition. The as-obtained Al2O3-coated Si/C composite nanofibers exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for applications as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.}, number={29}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Li, Ying and Sun, Yujie and Xu, Guanjie and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Xue, Leigang and Jur, Jesse S. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={11417–11425} }
 @article{li_sun_xu_lu_zhang_xue_jur_zhang_2014, title={Tuning electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing atomic layer deposition alumina coating}, volume={2}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Li, Y. and Sun, Y. J. and Xu, G. J. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, S. and Xue, L. G. and Jur, J. S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2014} }
 @article{lee_yanilmaz_toprakci_fu_zhang_2014, title={review of recent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={7}, journal={Energy & Environmental Science}, author={Lee, H. and Yanilmaz, M. and Toprakci, O. and Fu, K. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2014} }
 @article{xue_xia_tucker_fu_zhang_li_zhang_2013, title={A simple method to encapsulate SnSb nanoparticles into hollow carbon nanofibers with superior lithium-ion storage capability}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178344/}, DOI={10.1039/c3ta12921g}, abstractNote={The practical use of high-capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries generally suffers from significant volume changes upon lithium insertion and extraction. The volume changes induce cracks and loss of inter-particle electronic contact in the electrode, resulting in rapid capacity decay. The use of fiber-like materials to prevent cracks and accommodate volume changes is widely observed in many animal and human activities. Birds mix grass and feathers into mud to build nests, and humans in ancient times blended straw with mud to produce adobe bricks for housing construction. In view of this point, this research designed a porous nanofiber structure to resolve the unstable structure problem of anode materials. The three-dimensional network structure composed of nanofibers provides a highly elastic matrix to accommodate the volume changes of high-capacity Sn and Sb particles and pores around the active particles, induced by CO2 evolution, serve as an additional buffer zone for the volume changes. This unique structure prepared by using a new SnSb alloy precursor and a simple electrospinning technique leads to excellent lithium storage performance in terms of energy density, cycling stability, and rate capability.}, number={44}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, author={Xue, Leigang and Xia, Xin and Tucker, Telpriore and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Shu and Li, Shuli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={13807–13813} }
 @inproceedings{aligned carbon nanotube-silicon sheets: a novel nano-architecture for flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes_2013, booktitle={2013 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2013}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{aligned carbon nanotube-silicon sheets: a novel nano-architecture for flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes_2013, booktitle={MRS/ASM/AVS/AReMS Meeting}, year={2013}, month={Nov} }
 @article{fu_yildiz_bhanushali_wang_stano_xue_zhang_bradford_2013, title={Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Sheets: A Novel Nano-architecture for Flexible Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178364/}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201301920}, abstractNote={Aligned carbon nanotube sheets provide an engineered scaffold for the deposition of a silicon active material for lithium ion battery anodes. The sheets are low-density, allowing uniform deposition of silicon thin films while the alignment allows unconstrained volumetric expansion of the silicon, facilitating stable cycling performance. The flat sheet morphology is desirable for battery construction.}, number={36}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fu, Kun and Yildiz, Ozkan and Bhanushali, Hardik and Wang, Yongxin and Stano, Kelly and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Bradford, Philip D.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={5109–5114} }
 @inproceedings{aligned carbon nanotube-silicon f sheets: a novel nano-architecture for flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes_2013, booktitle={North Carolina American Chemical Society’s 127th Sectional Conference}, year={2013}, month={Nov} }
 @article{vitchuli_shi_nowak_nawalakhe_sieber_bourham_zhang_mccord_2013, title={Atmospheric plasma application to improve adhesion of electrospun nanofibers onto protective fabric}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0169-4243"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178346/}, DOI={10.1080/01694243.2012.727164}, abstractNote={Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers were deposited on plasma-pretreated woven fabric substrates with the objective of improving adhesion between them. The prepared samples were evaluated for adhesion strength and durability of nanofiber mats by carrying out peel strength, flex resistance, and abrasion resistance tests. The test results showed significant improvement in the adhesion of nanofiber mats on woven fabric substrates due to atmospheric plasma pretreatment. The samples also exhibited good flex and abrasion resistance characteristics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle analyses indicate that plasma pretreatment introduces radicals, increases the oxygen content on the substrate surface, and leads to formation of active chemical sites that may be responsible for enhanced cross-linking between the substrate fabric and the electrospun nanofibers, which in turn increases the adhesion properties. The work demonstrates that the plasma treatment of the substrate fabric prior to deposition of electrospun nanofiber mats is a promising method to prepare durable functional materials.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Vitchuli, Narendiran and Shi, Quan and Nowak, Joshua and Nawalakhe, Rupesh and Sieber, Michael and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={924–938} }
 @article{li_fu_xue_toprakci_li_zhang_xu_lu_zhang_hu_et al._2013, title={Co3O4/Carbon Composite Nanofibers for Use as Anode Material in Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={1140}, journal={Nanotechnology For Sustainable Energy}, author={Li, Shuli and Fu, Kun and Xue, Leigang and Toprakci, Ozan and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Xu, Guanjie and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Xiangwu and Hu, YH and et al.}, year={2013}, pages={55–66} }
 @inproceedings{li_fu_xue_toprakci_li_zhang_xu_lu_zhang_2013, title={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers for use as anode material in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={1140}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178343/}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2013-1140.ch003}, abstractNote={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods using 10 - 30 nm and 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles, respectively, and their potential use as the anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed large reversible capacities and good cycleability with charge capacities of 677 and 545 mAh g-1 at the second and twentieth cycles, respectively. In contrast, the composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 10 - 30 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed fast capacity fading during cycling due to severe nanoparticle aggregation. Results suggested that the good electrochemical performance of Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles was ascribed to the combination of the properties of both Co3O4 nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon nanofiber matrix (long cycle life), and therefore this electrode material could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, booktitle={Nanotechnology for sustainable energy}, author={Li, S. L. and Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Toprakci, O. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Xu, G. J. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={55–66} }
 @article{fu_xue_yildiz_li_lee_li_xu_zhou_bradford_zhang_et al._2013, title={Effect of CVD carbon coatings on Si@CNF composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178363/}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.019}, abstractNote={Lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes with high capacity and binder free structure were synthesized from carbon nanofibers that contained silicon nanoparticles (Si@CNF). The particle filled nonwoven structures were produced by an electrospinning and subsequent carbonization process. Pristine Si@CNF composites had Si nanoparticles exposed on the fiber surface. As produced, the Si nanoparticles could become detached from the nanofiber surface during cycling, causing severe structural damage and capacity loss. In order to prevent Si from detaching from the nanofiber surface, the Si@CNF composite was then treated with a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to make Si completely coated with a carbon matrix. The carbon coated Si@CNF (Si@CNF-C) composites were synthesized with different Si contents (10, 30, and 50 wt%) for different CVD treatment times (30, 60, and 90 min). It was found that the initial coulombic efficiency of Si@CNF-C could be increased via the amorphous carbon by stabilizing solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation on surface. The capacity and cyclic stability were improved by the CVD carbon coating, especially for the 30 wt% Si@CNF-C composite with 90 min CVD coating, a CVD amorphous carbon coating of less than 1% by weight on Si@CNF composites contributed to more than 200% improvement in cycling performance. Results indicate that the CVD carbon coating is an effective approach to improve the electrochemical properties of Si@CNF composites making this a potential route to obtain high-energy density anode materials for LIBs.}, number={5}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, author={Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Yildiz, O. and Li, S. L. and Lee, H. and Li, Y. and Xu, G. J. and Zhou, L. and Bradford, P. D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={976–986} }
 @article{lee_alcoutlabi_watson_zhang_2013, title={Electrospun nanofiber-coated separator membranes for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178362/}, DOI={10.1002/app.38894}, abstractNote={AbstractNanofiber‐coated composite membranes were prepared by electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF‐co‐CTFE) and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HFP) onto six different Celgard® microporous battery separator membranes. Application of a PVDF‐based copolymer nanofiber coating onto the surface of the battery separator membrane provides a method for improving the electrolyte absorption of the separator and the separator‐electrode adhesion. Peel tests showed that both PVDF‐co‐CTFE and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP nanofiber coatings have comparable adhesion to the membrane substrates. Electrolyte uptake capacity was investigated by soaking the nanofiber‐coated membranes in a liquid electrolyte solution. PVDF‐co‐CTFE and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP nanofiber‐coated membranes exhibited higher electrolyte uptake capacities than uncoated membranes. It was also found that PVDF‐co‐CTFE nanofiber‐coated membranes have higher electrolyte uptakes than PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP nanofiber‐coated membranes due to the smaller diameters of PVDF‐co‐CTFE nanofibers and higher polarity of PVDF‐co‐CTFE. The separator–electrode adhesion properties were also investigated. Results showed PVDF‐co‐CTFE and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP nanofiber coatings improved the adhesion of all six membrane substrates to the electrode. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Lee, Hun and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Watson, Jill V. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={1939–1951} }
 @article{li_xu_xue_zhang_yao_lu_toprakci_zhang_2013, title={Enhanced Rate Capability by Employing Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun Si/C Composite Nanofibers As Binder-Free Anodes}, volume={160}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674380/}, DOI={10.1149/2.031304jes}, abstractNote={Si/C and Si/carbon nanotube (CNT)/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization. The carbon nanofiber matrix can accommodate the volume change of Si nanoparticles and provide continuous pathways for efficient charge transport along the fiber axis. CNTs can improve the electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance of the composite nanofiber anodes. Results showed that many different types of connections between CNTs, Si nanoparticles and carbon matrix were formed. At a high current density of 300 mA g−1, after 30 cycles, the capacity of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was 44.3% higher than the anode without CNT and the C-rate performance of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was also superior to that of Si/C anode. It is, therefore, demonstrated that Si/CNT/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities, good cycling stability, and good rate capability.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Yao, Yingfang and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={A528–A534} }
 @article{yanilmaz_chen_zhang_2013, title={Fabrication and Characterization of SiO2/PVDF Composite Nanofiber-Coated PP Nonwoven Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1099-0488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178359/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.23387}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTSiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite nanofiber‐coated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven membranes were prepared by electrospinning of SiO2/PVDF dispersions onto both sides of PP nonwovens. The goal of this study was to combine the good mechanical strength of PP nonwoven with the excellent electrochemical properties of SiO2/PVDF composite nanofibers to obtain a new high‐performance separator. It was found that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles played an important role in improving the overall performance of these nanofiber‐coated nonwoven membranes. Among the membranes with various SiO2 contents, 15% SiO2/PVDF composite nanofiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes provided the highest ionic conductivity of 2.6 × 10−3 S cm−1 after being immersed in a liquid electrolyte, 1 mol L−1 lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. Compared with pure PVDF nanofiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes, SiO2/PVDF composite fiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes had greater liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/PVDF composite fiber‐coated PP nonwoven membrane separators were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells and demonstrated high cell capacities and good cycling performance at room temperature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1719–1726}, number={23}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Chen, Chen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1719–1726} }
 @inproceedings{fast and low-cost production of nanofibers by centrifugal spinning_2013, booktitle={College of Textiles’ Composites Symposium}, year={2013}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{flexible and binder-free design: nonwoven structure based si materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries_2013, booktitle={The 8th Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2013}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhang_gao_li_zhang_hardin_2013, title={Graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery}, volume={229}, ISSN={["1385-8947"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178361/}, DOI={10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.025}, abstractNote={Abstract In this work, cotton fibers and pyrene-dispersed graphene sheets were used to produce graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery. The graphene sheets were wrapped around the cotton fibers by simply dipping the fabric in a graphene/pyrene-derivative suspension. And then the cotton/graphene textile was annealed at 700 °C in a quartz tube furnace under Ar flow conditions. During the annealing process, the gaps between separated graphene sheets were “soldered” by “glue” molecules (aromatic molecular surfactant) to form graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon. Because of the unique electric properties of the graphene “skin” on the pyrogenic carbon, the flexible graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon showed relatively large storage capacity to lithium. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments also showed that the graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon electrode provided a reversible discharge capacity as high as 288 mA h g−1 even after 50 cycles and thus can be used an anode material in lithium battery.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, author={Zhang, Ming and Gao, Bin and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu and Hardin, Ian R.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={399–403} }
 @article{liang_cheng_zhao_zhang_sun_zhou_qiu_zhang_2013, title={Heat treatment of electrospun Polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={240}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178365/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.019}, abstractNote={Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membranes for use as lithium-ion battery separators were prepared by electrospinning technique. Heat treatment was introduced to improve the tensile strength and elongation-at-break as well as the tensile modulus of PVDF fibrous membranes, with the best mechanical properties achieved after treatment at 160 °C for 2 h. After heat treatment at 160 °C for 2 h, the ionic conductivity of the liquid electrolyte-soaked PVDF fibrous membranes was 1.35 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. Moreover, compared with commercial Celgard 2400 separator, heat-treated PVDF fibrous membranes exhibited higher electrochemical stability window and lower interfacial resistance with lithium electrode. In addition, at a 0.2C rate, Li/LiFePO4 cells using heat-treated PVDF fibrous membrane separator showed high charge/discharge capacities and stable cycle performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Cheng, Sichen and Zhao, Jianmeng and Zhang, Changhuan and Sun, Shiyuan and Zhou, Nanting and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={204–211} }
 @inproceedings{high-power and high-energy electrochemical electrodes and supercapacitors_2013, booktitle={Center for Dielectric Studies 2013 Fall Meeting}, year={2013}, month={Nov} }
 @article{li_xue_fu_xia_zhao_zhang_2013, title={High-performance Sn/Carbon Composite Anodes Derived from Sn(II) Acetate/Polyacrylonitrile Precursors by Electrospinning Technology}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1385-2728"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178342/}, DOI={10.2174/1385272811317130011}, abstractNote={Sn/carbon composite nanofibers with various compositions were prepared from Sn(II) acetate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods, and their potential use as anode materials for rechargeable lithiumion batteries was investigated. The composite electrode derived from 20 wt% Sn(II) acetate/PAN precursor showed excellent electrochemical properties, including a large reversible capacity of 699 mAh g-1 and a high capacity retention of 83% in 50 cycles. Sn/carbon composite nanofibers exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance ascribing to the combination of the properties of both Sn nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon matrices (long cycle life), and therefore could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={13}, journal={CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Li, Shuli and Xue, Leigang and Fu, Kun and Xia, Xin and Zhao, Chengxin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={1448–1454} }
 @inproceedings{hybrid pems incorporated with solid superacidic nanofibers_2013, booktitle={2013 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2013}, month={Apr} }
 @article{li_xu_yao_xue_zhang_lu_toprakci_zhang_2013, title={Improvement of cyclability of silicon-containing carbon nanofiber anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing succinic anhydride as an electrolyte additive}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1433-0768"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674383/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-013-2005-7}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={1393–1399} }
 @inproceedings{nano in lithium-ion battery_2013, booktitle={FREEDM Systems Center Student Research Workshop}, year={2013}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{novel nanofibers for biomedical textiles_2013, booktitle={Joint US EPA-NCSU Interactive Collaboration Forum and Poster Session}, year={2013}, month={Mar} }
 @article{nawalakhe_shi_vitchuli_noar_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2013, title={Novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings}, volume={129}, ISSN={0021-8995}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38804}, DOI={10.1002/app.38804}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospun chitosan nanofibers were deposited onto atmospheric plasma treated cotton gauze to create a novel composite bandage with higher adhesion, better handling properties, enhanced bioactivity, and moisture management. Plasma treatment of the gauze substrate was performed to improve the durability of the nanofiber/gauze interface. The chitosan nanofibers were electrospun at 3–7% concentration in trifluoroacetic acid. The composite bandages were analyzed using peel, gelbo flex, antimicrobial assay, moisture vapor transmission rate, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), absorbency, and air permeability tests. The peel test showed that plasma treatment of the substrate increased the adhesion between nanofiber layers and gauze substrate by up to four times. Atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the gauze fabric prior to electrospinning significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer due to repetitive flexing. The chitosan nanofiber layer contributes significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the bandage. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. XPS of the plasma treated cotton substrate showed formation of active sites on the surface, decrease in carbon content, and increase in oxygen content as compared to the untreated gauze. Deposition of chitosan nanofibers also increased the absorbency of gauze substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nawalakhe, Rupesh and Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Noar, Jesse and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed A. and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian G.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={916–923} }
 @article{nawalakhe_shi_vitchuli_noar_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2013, title={Novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings}, volume={129}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38804}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospun chitosan nanofibers were deposited onto atmospheric plasma treated cotton gauze to create a novel composite bandage with higher adhesion, better handling properties, enhanced bioactivity, and moisture management. Plasma treatment of the gauze substrate was performed to improve the durability of the nanofiber/gauze interface. The chitosan nanofibers were electrospun at 3–7% concentration in trifluoroacetic acid. The composite bandages were analyzed using peel, gelbo flex, antimicrobial assay, moisture vapor transmission rate, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), absorbency, and air permeability tests. The peel test showed that plasma treatment of the substrate increased the adhesion between nanofiber layers and gauze substrate by up to four times. Atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the gauze fabric prior to electrospinning significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer due to repetitive flexing. The chitosan nanofiber layer contributes significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the bandage. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. XPS of the plasma treated cotton substrate showed formation of active sites on the surface, decrease in carbon content, and increase in oxygen content as compared to the untreated gauze. Deposition of chitosan nanofibers also increased the absorbency of gauze substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Nawalakhe, R. and Shi, Q. and Vitchuli, N. and Noar, J. and Caldwell, J. M. and Breidt, F. and Bourham, M. A. and Zhang, X. and McCord, M. G.}, year={2013} }
 @article{lu_li_zhang_xu_fu_lee_zhang_2013, title={Parameter study and characterization for polyacrylonitrile nanofibers fabricated via centrifugal spinning process}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1873-1945"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178360/}, DOI={10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.017}, abstractNote={Electrospinning is currently the most popular method for producing polymer nanofibers. However, the low production rate and safety concern limit the practical use of electrospinning as a cost-effective nanofiber fabrication approach. Herein, we present a novel and simple centrifugal spinning technology that extrudes nanofibers from polymer solutions by using a high-speed rotary and perforated spinneret. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by selectively varying parameters that can affect solution intrinsic properties and operational conditions. The resultant PAN nanofibers were characterized by SEM, and XRD. The correlation between fiber morphology and processing conditions was established. Results demonstrated that the fiber morphology can be easily manipulated by controlling the spinning parameters and the centrifugal spinning process is a facile approach for fabricating polymer nanofibers in a large-scale and low-cost fashion.}, number={12}, journal={EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}, author={Lu, Yao and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Xu, Guanjie and Fu, Kun and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={3834–3845} }
 @article{fu_xue_yildiz_li_lee_li_xu_zhou_bradford_zhang_et al._2013, title={Si/C composite nanofibers with stable electric conductive network for use as durable lithium-ion battery anode}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674385/}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.11.001}, abstractNote={High-energy anode materials have attracted significant attention because of their potential applications in large-scale energy storage devices. However, they often suffer from rapid capacity fading due to the pulverization of the electrode and the breakdown of electric conductive network caused by the large volume changes of active material upon repeated lithium insertion and extraction. In this work, a new electrode composed of Si/C composite nanofibers was prepared, aiming at the improvement of cycling performance of Si anodes through the establishment of a stable electric conductive network for Si during cycling. By electrospinning, a three-dimensional network of carbon nanofibers, which possesses good elasticity to maintain the structure integrity and stable electric conductive network, is formed; by carbon coating, all Si nanoparticles are tightly bonded with carbon fibers to form a stable electric conductive pathway for electrode reactions. The nanofiber structure and the carbon coating on Si, combined with the binder, lead to a stable network structure that can accommodate the huge volume change of Si during the repeated volume expansion and contraction, thus resulting in excellent cycling performance.}, number={3}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fu, Kun and Xue, Leigang and Yildiz, Ozkan and Li, Shuli and Lee, Hun and Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Zhou, Lan and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={361–367} }
 @article{xue_fu_li_xu_lu_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2013, title={Si/C composite nanofibers with stable electric conductive network for use as durable lithium-ion battery anode}, volume={2}, journal={Nano Energy}, author={Xue, L. G. and Fu, K. and Li, Y. and Xu, G. J. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, S. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2013} }
 @article{li_guo_ji_lin_xu_liang_zhang_toprakci_hu_alcoutlabi_et al._2013, title={Structure control and performance improvement of carbon nanofibers containing a dispersion of silicon nanoparticles for energy storage}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674384/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.027}, abstractNote={Si/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the spinning medium and carbon precursor. The nanofibers were used as lithium-ion battery anodes to combine the advantages of carbon (long cycle life) and silicon (high storage capacity) materials. The effects of Si particle size, Si content, and carbonization temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance of the anodes were investigated. Results show that anodes made from a 15 wt.% Si/PAN precursor with a Si particle size of 30–50 nm and carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibit the best performance in terms of high capacity and stable cycling behavior. It is demonstrated that with careful structure control, Si/C composite nanofiber anodes are a promising material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, author={Li, Ying and Guo, Bingkun and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Xu, Guanjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Hu, Yi and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={185–194} }
 @article{xia_li_wang_liu_wei_zhang_2013, title={Structures and properties of SnO2 nanofibers derived from two different polymer intermediates}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178341/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-012-7122-7}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Xia, Xin and Li, Shuli and Wang, Xin and Liu, Junxiong and Wei, Qufu and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={3378–3385} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_li_ji_xue_lee_zhang_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={241}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674386/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.155}, abstractNote={Various xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) cathode materials were prepared by the one-step sol–gel route. The structure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was evaluated in terms of capacity, cycling performance and rate capability. Although the morphology and structure were found to be affected by the Li2MnO3 content, all composites showed an α-NaFeO2 structure with R3m space group. Electrochemical results showed that cells using 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites had good performance, in terms of large reversible capacity, prolonged cycling stability, and excellent rate capability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Li, Ying and Ji, Liwen and Xue, Leigang and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Shu and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={522–528} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_li_ji_xue_lee_zhang_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={241}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Toprakci, O. and Toprakci, H. A. K. and Li, Y. and Ji, L. W. and Xue, L. G. and Lee, H. and Zhang, S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2013} }
 @article{xue_zhang_li_lu_toprakci_xia_chen_hu_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and properties of Li2MnO3-based cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={577}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674387/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.029}, abstractNote={Lithium-ion batteries have been wildly used in various portable electronic devices and the application targets are currently moving from small-sized mobile devices to large-scale electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries with higher energy densities are in urgent need. For high-energy cathodes, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 layered–layered (M = Mn, Co, Ni) materials are of significant interest due to their high specific capacities over wide operating potential windows. Here, three Li2MnO3-based cathode materials with α-NaFeO2 structure were prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and subsequent heat treatment. Among these three materials, 0.3Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2·0.2LiCoO2 shows the best lithium storage capability. This cathode material is composed of uniform nanosized particles with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm, and it could be charged to a high cutoff potential to extract more lithium, resulting in a high capacity of 178 mAh g−1 between 2.0 and 4.6 V with almost no capacity loss over 100 cycles.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, author={Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Li, Shuli and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Xia, Xin and Chen, Chen and Hu, Yi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={560–563} }
 @article{xue_xia_tucker_fu_zhang_li_zhang_2013, title={simple method to encapsulate SnSb nanoparticles into hollow carbon nanofibers with superior lithium-ion storage capability}, volume={1}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, author={Xue, L. G. and Xia, X. and Tucker, T. and Fu, K. and Zhang, S. and Li, S. L. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2013} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_xu_lin_zhang_2012, title={Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun LiFePO4/Carbon Composite Nanofibers As Stable and Binder-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674388/}, DOI={10.1021/am201527r}, abstractNote={LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the electrospinning media and carbon source. Functionalized CNTs were used to increase the conductivity of the composite. LiFePO(4) precursor materials, PAN and functionalized CNTs were dissolved or dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide separately and they were mixed before electrospinning. LiFePO(4) precursor/CNT/PAN composite nanofibers were then heat-treated to obtain LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were done to demonstrate the functionalization of CNTs. The structure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Functionalized CNTs were found to be well-dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix and increased the electrochemical performance of the composite nanofibers. As a result, cells using LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers have good performance, in terms of large capacity, extended cycle life, and good rate capability.}, number={3}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guanjie and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={1273–1280} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_xu_lin_zhang_2012, title={Carbon nanotube-loaded electrospun LiFePO4/carbon composite nanofibers as stable and binder-free cathodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={4}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, author={Toprakci, O. and Toprakci, H. A. K. and Ji, L. W. and Xu, G. J. and Lin, Z. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2012} }
 @article{xue_xu_li_li_fu_shi_zhang_2013, title={Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticles Dispersed in Carbon Nanotube Networks As Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/1792840/}, DOI={10.1021/am3027597}, abstractNote={Si has the highest theoretical capacity among all known anode materials, but it suffers from the dramatic volume change upon repeated lithiation and delithiation processes. To overcome the severe volume changes, Si nanoparticles were first coated with a polymer-driven carbon layer, and then dispersed in a CNT network. In this unique structure, the carbon layer can improve electric conductivity and buffer the severe volume change, whereas the tangled CNT network is expected to provide additional mechanical strength to maintain the integrity of electrodes, stabilize the electric conductive network for active Si, and eventually lead to better cycling performance. Electrochemical test result indicates the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles dispersed in CNT networks show capacity retention of 70% after 40 cycles, which is much better than the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles without CNTs.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Xue, Leigang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Fu, Kun and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={21–25} }
 @article{zhang_lin_ji_li_xu_xue_li_lu_toprakci_zhang_2012, title={Cr-doped Li2MnSiO4/carbon composite nanofibers as high-energy cathodes for Li-ion batteries}, volume={22}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674389/}, DOI={10.1039/c2jm32213g}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 with an extremely high theoretical capacity of 332 mA h g−1 has recently gained tremendous interest. However, only around half of this capacity has been realized in practice and the cycling performance is also poor due to the low intrinsic conductivity and unsatisfactory structure stability. In this study, Li2Mn(1−x)CrxSiO4/carbon composite nanofibers are prepared by the combination of electrospinning and Cr doping. The electrospinning process leads to the formation of a conductive carbon nanofiber matrix, which provides fast ion transport and charge transfer. Cr doping further improves crystal structure stability by increasing the unit cell volume and inducing defects in the lattice. The resultant Li2Mn(1−x)CrxSiO4/carbon composite nanofibers exhibit a high discharge capacity of 314 mA h g−1 at the 5th cycle and stable cycling performance.}, number={29}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry}, author={Zhang, Shu and Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Xue, Leigang and Li, Shuli and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={14661–14666} }
 @article{zhang_ji_lin_li_shao_fan_2012, title={Designing Energy-Storage Devices from Textile Materials}, volume={441}, ISBN={["978-3-03785-343-6"]}, ISSN={["1022-6680"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540103/}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.231}, abstractNote={Research and development in textiles have gone beyond the conventional applications as clothing and furnishing materials; for example, the convergence of textiles, nanotechnologies, and energy science opens up the opportunity to take on one of the major challenges in the 21st century energy. This presentation addresses the development of high-energy lithium-ion batteries using electrospun nanofibers.}, journal={ECO-DYEING, FINISHING AND GREEN CHEMISTRY}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Shao, JH and Fan, QG}, year={2012}, pages={231–234} }
 @article{roe_kotek_zhang_2012, title={Durable hydrophobic cotton surfaces prepared using silica nanoparticles and multifunctional silanes}, volume={103}, ISSN={["0040-5000"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178356/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2011.580540}, abstractNote={Durable non-fluorine hydrophobic cotton surfaces were obtained by treating woven cotton fabrics using combinations of silica nanoparticles and multifunctional silanes. Both the hydrophobicity and durability of treated cotton surfaces were controlled by selectively adjusting the alkyl chain length of silane hydrophobes and the surface chemistry, surface area, and content of silica nanoparticles. It was found that with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the silane hydrophobes, the hydrophobicity of treated cotton surfaces increased: the maximum surface durability was obtained at an alkyl chain length of 12 carbon atoms. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles significantly improved the hydrophobicity and durability of treated cotton surfaces, whereas the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were found to reduce them. The surface area of the silica nanoparticles did not have a significant impact on the cotton fabric hydrophobicity, however, a larger silica surface area resulted in better durability. The highest hydrophobicity (a contact angle of 142°) and the best durability (a 95.7% recovery of contact angle after heavy-duty industrial laundering) were achieved when treating cotton surfaces with the silane tetramethoxysilane crosslink enhancer, silane n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane hydrophobe (alkyl chain length = 12 carbon atoms), and 0.2% hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 12 nm.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, author={Roe, Barry and Kotek, Richard and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={385–393} }
 @article{li_lin_xu_yao_zhang_toprakci_alcoutlabi_zhang_2012, title={Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Nanofibers Containing an Enhanced Dispersion of Silicon Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Employing Surfactants}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2162-8734"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674390/}, DOI={10.1149/2.002202eel}, abstractNote={Si/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization. Two surfactants: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecanoate (SD), were used to improve the dispersion of Si nanoparticles and the electrochemical performance. Results show that after 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of Si/C nanofibers does not have significant change after the addition of CTAB surfactant, however, the discharge capacity of Si/C nanofibers with SD surfactant is more than 20% higher than that without surfactant. It is demonstrated that employing SD surfactant is a simple and effective way to obtain Si/C nanofibers with large capacities and good cycling stability.}, number={2}, journal={ECS ELECTROCHEMISTRY LETTERS}, author={Li, Ying and Lin, Zhan and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={A31–A33} }
 @article{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_toprakci_yao_xu_li_zhang_2012, title={Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert nickel nanoparticles for use as high-performance energy storage materials}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674391/}, DOI={10.1039/c1ra00676b}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert metallic nickel nanoparticles are synthesized through electrospinning and carbonization processes. The morphology and composition of Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers are controlled by preparing different nanofiber precursors. The lithium-ion battery performance evaluations indicated that the content of electrochemically-inert Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers has a great influence on the final electrochemical performance. For example, at certain Ni contents, these composite nanofibers display excellent electrochemical performance, such as high reversible capacities, good capacity retention, and excellent rate performance, when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, when the Ni content is too low or too high, the corresponding electrodes show low reversible capacities although they still have good reversibility and rate performance.}, number={1}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Toprakci, Ozan and Yao, Yingfang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Shuli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={192–198} }
 @article{liang_cheng_zhao_zhang_sun_zhou_qiu_zhang_2012, title={High-capacity Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofiber cathodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={213}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.04.019}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.011}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 has been considered as a promising cathode material with an extremely high theoretically capacity of 332 mAh g−1. However, due to its low intrinsic conductivity and poor structural stability, only about half of the theoretical capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity decays rapidly during cycling. To realize the high capacity and improve the cycling performance, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by the combination of iron doping and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electronic microscope were applied to characterize the Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofibers. It was found that Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4 nanoparticles were embedded into continuous carbon nanofiber matrices, which formed free-standing porous mats that could be used as binder-free cathodes. The iron doping improved the conductivity and purity of the active material, and the carbon nanofiber matrix facilitated ion transfer and charge diffusion. As a result, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofiber cathodes showed promising improvement on reversible capacity and cycling performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Cheng, Sichen and Zhao, Jianmeng and Zhang, Changhuan and Sun, Shiyuan and Zhou, Nanting and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{zhang_li_xu_li_lu_toprakci_zhang_2012, title={High-capacity Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofiber cathodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={213}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.011}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 has been considered as a promising cathode material with an extremely high theoretically capacity of 332 mAh g−1. However, due to its low intrinsic conductivity and poor structural stability, only about half of the theoretical capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity decays rapidly during cycling. To realize the high capacity and improve the cycling performance, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by the combination of iron doping and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electronic microscope were applied to characterize the Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofibers. It was found that Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4 nanoparticles were embedded into continuous carbon nanofiber matrices, which formed free-standing porous mats that could be used as binder-free cathodes. The iron doping improved the conductivity and purity of the active material, and the carbon nanofiber matrix facilitated ion transfer and charge diffusion. As a result, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofiber cathodes showed promising improvement on reversible capacity and cycling performance.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Zhang, S. and Li, Y. and Xu, G. J. and Li, S. L. and Lu, Y. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2012} }
 @article{yin_gao_pan_shen_ye_liu_fedkiw_zhang_2012, title={High-rate capability of LiFePO(4) cathode materials containing Fe(2)P and trace carbon}, volume={199}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.042}, abstractNote={Carbon coating and nano-scale particle size are two impactful factors in improving the rate capability of LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, both factors decrease the tap density of the materials and are possibly causing unfavorable effect on the volumetric capacity of the cathode materials and thus the batteries, which is undesirable in commercial application. In the present study, LiFePO4 materials with moderate particle size of sub-micron and trace carbon content (0.5–0.9 wt.%) are synthesized by a mechanical activation method. High-electronic conductivity iron phosphides (Fe2P/FeP) are in situ introduced into the LiFePO4 materials and the amount is modified by the calcination temperature. Electrochemical testing shows that Fe2P/FeP plays an important role in improving the high-rate capability of LiFePO4 with moderate particle size. The product calcined at 700 °C, which has a high-tap density of 1.37 g cm−3 correlating to a specific surface area approximately of 4 m2 g−1, possesses discharge capacities of 110 and 100 mAh g−1 at discharge rates of 5 C and 10 C, respectively. The introduction of Fe2P/FeP in an amount of ca. 5 wt.% rather than carbon coating and the moderate particle size of LiFePO4 are promising approaches to obtain LiFePO4 cathode material of high-rate capability without unduly compromising its volumetric capacity.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Yin, Y. H. and Gao, M. X. and Pan, H. G. and Shen, L. K. and Ye, X. and Liu, Y. F. and Fedkiw, P. S. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2012} }
 @article{yin_gao_pan_shen_ye_liu_fedkiw_zhang_2012, title={High-rate capability of LiFePO4 cathode materials containing Fe2P and trace carbon}, volume={199}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/4984276/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.042}, abstractNote={Carbon coating and nano-scale particle size are two impactful factors in improving the rate capability of LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, both factors decrease the tap density of the materials and are possibly causing unfavorable effect on the volumetric capacity of the cathode materials and thus the batteries, which is undesirable in commercial application. In the present study, LiFePO4 materials with moderate particle size of sub-micron and trace carbon content (0.5–0.9 wt.%) are synthesized by a mechanical activation method. High-electronic conductivity iron phosphides (Fe2P/FeP) are in situ introduced into the LiFePO4 materials and the amount is modified by the calcination temperature. Electrochemical testing shows that Fe2P/FeP plays an important role in improving the high-rate capability of LiFePO4 with moderate particle size. The product calcined at 700 °C, which has a high-tap density of 1.37 g cm−3 correlating to a specific surface area approximately of 4 m2 g−1, possesses discharge capacities of 110 and 100 mAh g−1 at discharge rates of 5 C and 10 C, respectively. The introduction of Fe2P/FeP in an amount of ca. 5 wt.% rather than carbon coating and the moderate particle size of LiFePO4 are promising approaches to obtain LiFePO4 cathode material of high-rate capability without unduly compromising its volumetric capacity.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yin, Yuehui and Gao, Mingxia and Pan, Hongge and Shen, Lukai and Ye, Xin and Liu, Yongfeng and Fedkiw, Peter S. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={256–262} }
 @article{gu_li_li_hu_zhang_xu_thevuthasan_baer_zhang_liu_et al._2012, title={In Situ TEM Study of Lithiation Behavior of Silicon Nanoparticles Attached to and Embedded in a Carbon Matrix}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-086X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178349/}, DOI={10.1021/nn303312m}, abstractNote={Rational design of silicon and carbon nanocomposite with a special topological feature has been demonstrated to be a feasible way for mitigating the capacity fading associated with the large volume change of silicon anode in lithium ion batteries. Although the lithiation behavior of silicon and carbon as individual components has been well understood, lithium ion transport behavior across a network of silicon and carbon is still lacking. In this paper, we probe the lithiation behavior of silicon nanoparticles attached to and embedded in a carbon nanofiber using in situ TEM and continuum mechanical calculation. We found that aggregated silicon nanoparticles show contact flattening upon initial lithiation, which is characteristically analogous to the classic sintering of powder particles by a neck-growth mechanism. As compared with the surface-attached silicon particles, particles embedded in the carbon matrix show delayed lithiation. Depending on the strength of the carbon matrix, lithiation of the embedded silicon nanoparticles can lead to the fracture of the carbon fiber. These observations provide insights on lithium ion transport in the network-structured composite of silicon and carbon and ultimately provide fundamental guidance for mitigating the failure of batteries due to the large volume change of silicon anodes.}, number={9}, journal={ACS NANO}, author={Gu, Meng and Li, Ying and Li, Xiaolin and Hu, Shenyang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Xu, Wu and Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai and Baer, Donald R. and Zhang, Ji-Guang and Liu, Jun and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={8439–8447} }
 @article{zhang_lu_xu_li_zhang_2012, title={LiF/Fe/C nanofibres as a high-capacity cathode material for Li-ion batteries}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1361-6463"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178351/}, DOI={10.1088/0022-3727/45/39/395301}, abstractNote={Abstract
               LiF/Fe/C composite nanofibres with different morphologies were prepared by electrospinning and heat treatment of LiF/ferrocene/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the structural variations of these composite nanofibres. It was found that Fe nanoparticles and carbon nanofibres were obtained from the thermal decomposition of ferrocene and PAN precursors, respectively. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using the prepared composite nanofibres as the cathode material in lithium half-cells. With uniformly embedded active particles in the carbon nanofibre matrix, the resultant cathode materials presented highly reversible discharge capacities of over 472 mA h g−1.}, number={39}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS}, author={Zhang, Shu and Lu, Yao and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Oct} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_lin_gu_zhang_2012, title={LiFePO4 nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene-containing carbon nanofibers for use as energy storage materials}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1941-7012"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674392/}, DOI={10.1063/1.3690936}, abstractNote={LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers, in which LiFePO4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in graphene-containing carbon nanofiber matrix, were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the electrospinning media and the carbon source. Graphene was incorporated in order to increase the conductivity of the composite. PAN was dissolved in N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF). LiFePO4 precursor and graphene were dispersed in DMF separately and were mixed with PAN solution before electrospinning. Electrospun fibers were heat-treated to obtain LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers. The structure of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers was determined by X–ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Graphene flakes were found to be well-dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix and increased the electrochemical performance of the composite nanofibers. As a result, cells containing LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofiber cathodes showed good electrochemical performance, in terms of capacity, cycle life, and rate capability.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Gu, Renpeng and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{lithium-ion batteries: amorphous carbon coating of silicon-carbon nanofibers as anode materials_2012, booktitle={11th Annual NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2012}, month={Aug} }
 @article{zhang_li_xu_li_lu_topracki_zhang_2012, title={Li₂MnSiO₄ Carbon Composite Nanofibers as a High-Capacity Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries}, volume={02}, DOI={10.4236/snl.2012.23010}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 has an extremely high theoretical capacity of 332 mAh?g?1. However, only around half of this capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity retention during cycling is also low. In this study, Li2MnSiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by a combination of electrospinning and heat treatment. The one-dimensional continuous carbon nanofiber matrix serves as long-distance conductive pathways for both electrons and ions. The composite nanofiber structure avoids the aggregation of Li2MnSiO4 particles, which in turn enhances the electrode conductivity and promotes the reaction kinetics. The resultant Li2MnSiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were used as the cathode material for Li-ion batteries, and they delivered high charge and discharge capacities of 218 and 185 mAh?g?1, respectively, at the second cycle. In addition, the capacity retention of Li2MnSiO4 at the first 20th cycles increased from 37% to 54% in composite nanofibers.}, number={03}, journal={Soft Nanoscience Letters}, publisher={Scientific Research Publishing, Inc,}, author={Zhang, Shu and Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Shuli and Lu, Yao and Topracki, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={54–57} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_jiang_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2012, title={Multifunctional and durable nanofiber-fabric-layered composite for protective application}, volume={128}, ISSN={0021-8995}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38465}, DOI={10.1002/app.38465}, abstractNote={AbstractA multifunctional and durable nanofiber‐fabric‐layered composite (NFLC) material was prepared by depositing electrospun Ag/PAN hybrid nanofibers onto a Nylon/cotton 50: 50 fabric substrate. The NFLCs showed excellent aerosol barrier efficiency and good air/moisture permeability. In addition, they showed excellent antibacterial efficiency by completely inhibiting the growth of both Gram‐negative E. coli and Gram‐positive S. aureus. The interfacial adhesion between the nanofiber layer and fabric substrate was significantly improved by atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the substrate. The resultant NFLCs showed excellent resistance to peeling, twisting, and flexing forces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Nowak, Joshua and Jiang, Shan and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={1219–1226} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_jiang_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2013, title={Multifunctional and durable nanofiber-fabric-layered composite for protective application}, volume={128}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38465}, abstractNote={AbstractA multifunctional and durable nanofiber‐fabric‐layered composite (NFLC) material was prepared by depositing electrospun Ag/PAN hybrid nanofibers onto a Nylon/cotton 50: 50 fabric substrate. The NFLCs showed excellent aerosol barrier efficiency and good air/moisture permeability. In addition, they showed excellent antibacterial efficiency by completely inhibiting the growth of both Gram‐negative E. coli and Gram‐positive S. aureus. The interfacial adhesion between the nanofiber layer and fabric substrate was significantly improved by atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the substrate. The resultant NFLCs showed excellent resistance to peeling, twisting, and flexing forces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Shi, Q. and Vitchuli, N. and Nowak, J. and Jiang, S. and Caldwell, J. M. and Breidt, F. and Bourham, M. and Zhang, X. W. and McCord, M.}, year={2013} }
 @article{zhang_2012, title={Nanofiber-based energy-storage materials}, volume={243}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012} }
 @article{nanofiber-based energy-storage materials_2012, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178358/}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, year={2012} }
 @article{nawalakhe_vitchuli_shi_bourham_zhang_mccord_2012, title={Novel Atmospheric Plasma Enhanced Silk Fibroin Nanofiber/Gauze Composite Wound Dressings}, volume={5}, ISSN={1940-8676 2617-8699}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3993/jfbi09201201}, DOI={10.3993/jfbi09201201}, abstractNote={In this work, Silk Fibroin (SF) nanofibers were electrospun onto plasma-treated 100% cotton gauze bandages to form a novel silk-gauze composite wound dressing. Atmospheric pressure plasma preand posttreatments were used to increase the adhesion between the SF nanofibers and cotton substrates. The adhesion of the nanofibers to the substrates was assessed by qualitative and quantitative techniques. Plasma pre-treatment of the substrate with 100% helium and 99% helium/1% oxygen plasmas showed up to a 50% increase in the force required to peel off the nanofiber layer. This force was further increased up to 75% after preas well as post-plasma treatment of the composite bandages. Plasma pre-treatment of the gauze fabric prior to nanofiber deposition and post-treatment to the composite bandages significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer during repetitive flexing. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were significantly reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. The results of surface elemental analysis showed that the adhesion and durability increase are mainly due to the active species generated by plasma on the surface of cotton substrate as well as on the surface of the silk fibroin nanofibers.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics}, publisher={Textile Bioengineering and Informatics Society}, author={Nawalakhe, R. and Vitchuli, N. and Shi, Q. and Bourham, M.A. and Zhang, X. and McCord, M.G.}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={227–242} }
 @article{lee_alcoutlabi_watson_zhang_2013, title={Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene nanofiber-coated polypropylene microporous battery separator membranes}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0887-6266"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924690/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.23216}, abstractNote={AbstractNanofiber‐coated polypropylene (PP) separator membranes were prepared by coating a Celgard® microporous PP membrane with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF‐co‐CTFE) and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HFP) nanofibers. Three PVDF polymer solutions of varying compositions were used in the preparation of the nanofiber coatings. Two of the polymer solutions were PVDF‐co‐CTFE blends made using different types of PVDF‐co‐HFP copolymers. The PVDF‐co‐CTFE and PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings have been found to have comparable adhesion to the PP microporous membrane substrate. The electrolyte uptakes and separator–electrode adhesion properties of nanofiber‐coated membranes were evaluated. Both the electrolyte uptake and the separator–electrode adhesion were improved by the nanofiber coatings. The improvement in electrolyte update capacity is not only related to the gelation capability of the PVDF copolymer nanofibers, but also attributed to the increased porosity and capillary effect on nanofibrous structure of the electrospun nanofiber coatings. Enhancement of the separator–electrode adhesion was owing to the adhesion properties of the copolymer nanofiber coatings. Compared with the PVDF‐co‐CTFE/PVDF‐co‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings studied, the PVDF‐co‐CTFE coating was more effective in improving the electrolyte uptake and separator–electrode adhesion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lee, Hun and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Watson, Jill V. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={349–357} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_lee_watson_zhang_2013, title={Preparation and properties of nanofiber-coated composite membranes as battery separators via electrospinning}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178345/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-012-7064-0}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Lee, Hun and Watson, Jill V. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={2690–2700} }
 @article{ji_toprakci_alcoutlabi_yao_li_zhang_guo_lin_zhang_2012, title={alpha-Fe2O3 Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers as Stable and High-Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674393/}, DOI={10.1021/am300333s}, abstractNote={α-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofiber composites were fabricated via electrospinning FeCl(3)·6H(2)O salt-polyacrylonitrile precursors in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and the subsequent carbonization in inert gas. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites. It was indicated that α-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles with an average size of about 20 nm have a homogeneous dispersion along the carbon nanofiber surface. The resultant α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in rechargeable lithium half cells, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results indicated that these α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and acceptable rate capability when used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={5}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={2672–2679} }
 @article{ji_toprakci_alcoutlabi_yao_li_zhang_guo_lin_zhang_2012, title={alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers as stable and high-capacity anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={4}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, author={Ji, L. W. and Toprakci, O. and Alcoutlabi, M. and Yao, Y. F. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Guo, B. K. and Lin, Z. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{carbon nanofiber/manganese oxide composites as the cathode for li-air batteries_2011, booktitle={NC State Undergraduate Research Summer Symposium}, year={2011}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{carbon nanofiber/manganese oxide composites as the cathode for li-air batteries_2011, booktitle={NC State Undergraduate Research Summer Symposium}, year={2011}, month={Aug} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2011, title={Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1873-1945"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117884/}, DOI={10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.04.002}, abstractNote={Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers were prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning. Atmospheric helium plasma treatment was first used to reduce the AgNO3 precursor in pre-electrospinning solutions into metallic silver nanoparticles, followed by electrospinning into continuous and smooth nanofibers with Ag nanoparticles embedded in the matrix. SEM, TEM, and EDX spectra were used to study the structure and surface elemental composition of the nanofibers. Silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging between 3 and 6 nm, were found to be uniformly dispersed in the nanofiber matrix. The Ag/PAN nanofibers exhibited slow and long-lasting silver ion release, which provided robust antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli microorganisms.}, number={7}, journal={EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Nowak, Joshua and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={1402–1409} }
 @article{lin_zhang_2011, title={Electrode Catalyst Materials in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells}, volume={3}, journal={International Journal of Nano Science, Nano Engineering and Nanotechnology}, author={Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, pages={1–24} }
 @article{bonino_ji_lin_toprakci_zhang_khan_2011, title={Electrospun Carbon-Tin Oxide Composite Nanofibers for Use as Lithium Ion Battery Anodes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674395/}, DOI={10.1021/am2004015}, abstractNote={Composite carbon-tin oxide (C-SnO(2)) nanofibers are prepared by two methods and evaluated as anodes in lithium-ion battery half cells. Such an approach complements the long cycle life of carbon with the high lithium storage capacity of tin oxide. In addition, the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanofibers improves the accessibility for lithium intercalation as compared to graphite-based anodes, while eliminating the need for binders or conductive additives. The composite nanofibrous anodes have first discharge capacities of 788 mAh g(-1) at 50 mA g(-1) current density, which are greater than pure carbon nanofiber anodes, as well as the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh g(-1)), the traditional anode material. In the first protocol to fabricate the C-SnO(2) composites, tin sulfate is directly incorporated within polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers by electrospinning. During a thermal treatment the tin salt is converted to tin oxide and the polymer is carbonized, yielding carbon-SnO(2) nanofibers. In the second approach, we soak the nanofiber mats in tin sulfate solutions prior to the final thermal treatment, thereby loading the outer surfaces with SnO(2) nanoparticles and raising the tin content from 1.9 to 8.6 wt %. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the formation of conversion of tin sulfate to tin oxide. Furthermore, analysis with Raman spectroscopy reveals that the additional salt soak treatment from the second fabrication approach increases in the disorder of the carbon structure, as compared to the first approach. We also discuss the performance of our C-SnO(2) compared with its theoretical capacity and other nanofiber electrode composites previously reported in the literature.}, number={7}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Bonino, Christopher A. and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Khan, Saad A.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={2534–2542} }
 @inproceedings{electrospun composite nanofibers for lithium-ion batteries_2011, booktitle={NTC Forum}, year={2011}, month={Oct} }
 @article{guo_li_yao_lin_ji_xu_liang_shi_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun Li4Ti5O12/C composites for lithium-ion batteries with high rate performance}, volume={204}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117890/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2011.10.019}, abstractNote={Two types of Li4Ti5O12/C composites were synthesized through the electrospinning method. The first composite consists of Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles and aggregates coated by carbon and connected by carbon nanofibers. The second composite is constructed solely by Li4Ti5O12/C fibers. These two composites are denoted as Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers and Li4Ti5O12/C fibers, respectively. It is found that both composites show higher reversible capacities and better rate performance than commercial Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. Comparing the two electrospun composites, Li4Ti5O12/C fibers exhibit higher reversible capacity, greater rate capacity, and smaller electrode polarization, indicating that Li4Ti5O12/C fibers have better kinetics than Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers due to the elimination of Li4Ti5O12 aggregates and the formation of carbon-based fiber structure.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Guo, Bingkun and Li, Ying and Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guangjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={61–65} }
 @misc{zhang_ji_toprakci_liang_alcoutlabi_2011, title={Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Anodes, Cathodes, and Separators for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1558-3716"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674396/}, DOI={10.1080/15583724.2011.593390}, abstractNote={Novel nanofiber technologies present the opportunity to design new materials for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy electrochemical power sources. This review addresses using electrospinning technology to develop novel composite nanofibers which can be used as anodes, cathodes, and separators for lithium-ion batteries. The discussion focuses on the preparation, structure, and performance of silicon/carbon (Si/C) nanofiber anodes, lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) nanofiber cathodes, and lithium lanthanum titanate oxide/polyacrylonitrile (LLTO/PAN) nanofiber separators. Si/C nanofiber anodes have the advantages of both carbon (long cycle life) and Si (high lithium-storage capacity). LiFePO4/C nanofiber cathodes show good electrochemical performance including satisfactory capacity and good cycling stability. LLTO/PAN nanofiber separators have large electrolyte uptake, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance with lithium, which increase the capacity and improve the cycling stability of lithium-ion cells. These results demonstrate that electrospinning is a promising approach to prepare high-performance nanofiber anodes, nanofiber cathodes, and nanofiber separators that can potentially replace currently-used lithium-ion battery materials.}, number={3}, journal={POLYMER REVIEWS}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Liang, Yinzheng and Alcoutlabi, Mataz}, year={2011}, pages={239–264} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_ji_guo_li_li_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun Nanofibers for Energy Storage}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={Aatcc Review}, author={Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Ji, Liwen and Guo, Bingkun and Li, Shuli and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, pages={45–51} }
 @article{electrospun nanofibers for energy storage_2011, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178353/}, journal={Aatcc Review}, year={2011} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_ji_guo_li_li_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun nanofibers for energy storage}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Alcoutlabi, M. and Ji, L. W. and Guo, B. K. and Li, S. L. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011}, pages={45–51} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of electrospun lifepo4/carbon+graphene composite nanofibers for lithium-ion batteries_2011, booktitle={2011 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2011}, month={Nov} }
 @article{liang_lin_qiu_zhang_2011, title={Fabrication and characterization of LATP/PAN composite fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators}, volume={56}, ISSN={["0013-4686"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540061/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.007}, abstractNote={Lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fiber-based membranes were prepared by electrospinning dispersions of LATP particles in PAN solutions. The electrolyte uptakes of the electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes were measured and the results showed that the electrolyte uptake increased as the LATP content increased. The lithium ion conductivity, the electrochemical oxidation limit and the interface resistance of liquid electrolyte-soaked electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes were also measured and it was found that as the LATP content increased, the electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes had higher lithium ion conductivity, better electrochemical stability, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium electrode. Additionally, lithium//1 M LiPF6/EC/EMC//lithium iron phosphate cells using LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes as the separator demonstrated high charge/discharge capacity and good cycle performance.}, number={18}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Lin, Zhan and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={6474–6480} }
 @article{toprakci_ji_lin_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of electrospun LiFePO4/carbon composite fibers for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674397/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.04.031}, abstractNote={LiFePO4/C composite fibers were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol–gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as an electrospinning media and a carbon source. LiFePO4 precursor materials and PAN were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide separately and they were mixed before electrospinning. LiFePO4 precursor/PAN fibers were heat treated, during which LiFePO4 precursor transformed to energy-storage LiFePO4 material and PAN was converted to carbon. The surface morphology and microstructure of the obtained LiFePO4/C composite fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD measurements were also carried out in order to determine the structure of LiFePO4/C composite fibers. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/carbon composite fibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Carbon content and heat treatment conditions (such as stabilization temperature, calcination/carbonization temperature, calcination/carbonization time, etc.) were optimized in terms of electrochemical performance.}, number={18}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={7692–7699} }
 @article{yao_guo_ji_jung_lin_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Highly proton conductive electrolyte membranes: Fiber-induced long-range ionic channels}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1388-2481"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540067/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2011.06.028}, abstractNote={Novel conductive inorganic fiber/polymer hybrid proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were obtained by taking advantage of sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) fibers made by electrospinning and post-electrospinning processes. Induced by electrospun inorganic fibers, long-range ionic channels were formed by agglomerating functional groups, which served as continuous hopping pathways for protons and significantly improved the proton conductivity of PEMs.}, number={9}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Guo, Bingkun and Ji, Liwen and Jung, Kyung-Hye and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1005–1008} }
 @misc{padbury_zhang_2011, title={Lithium-oxygen batteries-Limiting factors that affect performance}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178316/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.032}, abstractNote={Lithium–oxygen batteries have recently received attention due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities, which far exceed that of any other existing energy storage technology. The significantly larger theoretical energy density of the lithium–oxygen batteries is due to the use of a pure lithium metal anode and the fact that the cathode oxidant, oxygen, is stored externally since it can be readily obtained from the surrounding air. Before the lithium–oxygen batteries can be realized as high performance, commercially viable products, there are still many challenges to overcome, from designing their cathode structure, to optimizing their electrolyte compositions and elucidating the complex chemical reactions that occur during charge and discharge. The scientific obstacles that are related to the performance of the lithium–oxygen batteries open up an exciting opportunity for researchers from many different backgrounds to utilize their unique knowledge and skills to bridge the knowledge gaps that exist in current research projects. This article is a summary of the most significant limiting factors that affect the performance of the lithium–oxygen batteries from the perspective of the authors. The article indicates the relationships that form between various limiting factors and highlights the complex yet captivating nature of the research within this field.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Padbury, Richard and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={4436–4444} }
 @article{padbury_zhang_2011, title={Lithium-oxygen batteries-Limiting factors that affect performance}, volume={196}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Padbury, R. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{mnox/carbon composite nanofiber cathodes for rechargeable li/air batteries_2011, booktitle={2011 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2011}, month={Nov} }
 @article{vitchuli_shi_nowak_kay_caldwell_breidt_bourham_mccord_zhang_2011, title={Multifunctional ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats by an electrospinning-electrospraying hybrid process for use in protective applications}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1468-6996"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117882/}, DOI={10.1088/1468-6996/12/5/055004}, abstractNote={Abstract ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were prepared by an electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process in which ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of Nylon 6 nanofibers without becoming completely embedded. The prepared ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were evaluated for their abilities to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth and to catalytically detoxify chemicals. Results showed that these ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats had excellent antibacterial efficiency (99.99%) against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, they exhibited good detoxifying efficiency (95%) against paraoxon, a simulant of highly toxic chemicals. ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were also deposited onto nylon/cotton woven fabrics and the nanofiber mats did not significantly affect the moisture vapor transmission rates and air permeability values of the fabrics. Therefore, ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats prepared by the electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process are promising material candidates for protective applications.}, number={5}, journal={SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Vitchuli, Narendiran and Shi, Quan and Nowak, Joshua and Kay, Kathryn and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed and McCord, Marian and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{new li2mnsio4/c nanocomposite cathode materials_2011, booktitle={2011 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2011}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings_2011, booktitle={2011 AATCC Materials Research Poster Competition}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{novel atmospheric plasma enhanced composite wound dressings_2011, booktitle={NTC Forum}, year={2011}, month={Oct} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_noar_caldwell_breidt_bourham_mccord_zhang_2011, title={One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers and their antibacterial properties}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1364-5501"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/274770/}, DOI={10.1039/c1jm11492a}, abstractNote={A novel and facile one-step approach to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers by electrospinning is reported. The method does not need post-treatments and can be carried out at ambient conditions without using additional chemicals. It employs the electrospinning solvent as a reducing agent for in situ conversion of AgNO3 into silver nanoparticles during the solution preparation. The resultant silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 hybrid nanofibers show an excellent fibrous structure (fiber diameter at 50–150 nm), with narrow size 2–4 nm silver nanoparticles uniformly dispersed throughout the nylon 6 matrix. DSC analysis shows that the in situ incorporation of silver nanoparticles increased the Tg and crystallinity of the resultant nanofibers. These silver nanoparticle-filled nylon 6 nanofibers exhibit a steady and long-lasting silver ion release behavior, and robust antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive B. cereus and Gram-negative E. coli microorganisms.}, number={28}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Nowak, Joshua and Noar, Jesse and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed and McCord, Marian and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, pages={10330–10335} }
 @article{vitchuli_shi_nowak_nawalakhe_sieber_bourham_mccord_zhang_2012, title={Plasma-Electrospinning Hybrid Process and Plasma Pretreatment to Improve Adhesive Properties of Nanofibers on Fabric Surface}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1572-8986"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178354/}, DOI={10.1007/s11090-011-9341-0}, number={2}, journal={PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING}, author={Vitchuli, Narendiran and Shi, Quan and Nowak, Joshua and Nawalakhe, Rupesh and Sieber, Michael and Bourham, Mohamed and McCord, Marian and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={275–291} }
 @article{liang_ji_guo_lin_yao_li_alcoutlabi_qiu_zhang_2011, title={Preparation and electrochemical characterization of ionic-conducting lithium lanthanum titanate oxide/polyacrylonitrile submicron composite fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540087/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.088}, abstractNote={Lithium lanthanum titanate oxide (LLTO)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) submicron composite fiber-based membranes were prepared by electrospinning dispersions of LLTO ceramic particles in PAN solutions. These ionic-conducting LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes can be directly used as lithium-ion battery separators due to their unique porous structure. Ionic conductivities were evaluated after soaking the electrospun LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes in a liquid electrolyte, 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1 vol). It was found that, among membranes with various LLTO contents, 15 wt.% LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes provided the highest ionic conductivity, 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. Compared with pure PAN fiber membranes, LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes had greater liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical stability window, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. In addition, lithium//1 M LiPF6/EC/EMC//lithium iron phosphate cells containing LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes as the separator exhibited high discharge specific capacity of 162 mAh g−1 and good cycling performance at 0.2 C rate at room temperature.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Ji, Liwen and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={436–441} }
 @misc{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_zhang_2011, title={Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1754-5706"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540060/}, DOI={10.1039/c0ee00699h}, abstractNote={In this paper, the use of nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reviewed. Nanostructured materials such as nano-carbons, alloys, metal oxides, and metal sulfides/nitrides have been used as anodes for next-generation LIBs with high reversible capacity, fast power capability, good safety, and long cycle life. This is due to their relatively short mass and charge pathways, high transport rates of both lithium ions and electrons, and other extremely charming surface activities. In this review paper, the effect of the nanostructure on the electrochemical performance of these anodes is presented. Their synthesis processes, electrochemical properties, and electrode reaction mechanisms are also discussed. The major goals of this review are to give a broad overview of recent scientific researches and developments of anode materials using novel nanoscience and nanotechnology and to highlight new progresses in using these nanostructured materials to develop high-performance LIBs. Suggestions and outlooks on future research directions in this field are also given.}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={2682–2699} }
 @article{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_zhang_2011, title={Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={4}, journal={Energy & Environmental Science}, author={Ji, L. W. and Lin, Z. and Alcoutlabi, M. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011} }
 @article{jung_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2012, title={Selective Permeation of Cross-Linked Polyelectrolyte and Polyelectrolyte-Filled Nonwoven Membranes}, volume={123}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178357/}, DOI={10.1002/app.34453}, abstractNote={AbstractSelective permeation, driven by ionic attraction, is one of the most important properties of polyelectrolyte membranes. In this study, selective permeation behaviors of different polyelectrolytes, poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA), were studied via solution‐diffusion mechanism. Among these three polyelectrolytes, PSS membranes showed the highest permeabilities for both water and dimethyl methylphophonate vapors due to their high diffusion coefficients caused by the high flexibility of PSS chains. It was also found that the cross‐linking of polymer chains increased membrane permeabilities by weakening the physical network formed by ionic attraction. However, the type and cross‐linking of polyelectrolytes did not have significant effect on the membrane selectivities. Nonwoven fabric was employed to control the selective permeation of polyelectrolyte membranes. It was found that filling the nonwoven fabric with polyelectrolytes led to composite membranes with reduced permeabilities and increased selectivities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={227–233} }
 @inproceedings{si/c nanofiber composite anodes for new-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries_2011, booktitle={2011 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit}, year={2011}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{si/c nanofiber composite anodes for new-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries_2011, booktitle={the Sixth Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
 @article{yao_ji_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Sulfonated Polystyrene Fiber Network-Induced Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540072/}, DOI={10.1021/am2009184}, abstractNote={A novel type of hybrid membrane was fabricated by incorporating sulfonated polystyrene (S-PS) electrospun fibers into Nafion for the application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With the introduction of S-PS fiber mats, a large amount of sulfonic acid groups in Nafion aggregated onto the interfaces between S-PS fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had higher proton conductivities than that of recast Nafion, and the conductivities were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameters. Consequently, hybrid membranes fabricated by ionomers, such as Nafion, incorporated with ionic-conducting nanofibers established a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance proton exchange membranes.}, number={9}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={3732–3737} }
 @article{yao_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Superacidic Electrospun Fiber-Nafion Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1614-6840"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540073/}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.201100435}, abstractNote={AbstractA novel type of hybrid membrane has been fabricated by incorporating superacidic sulfated zirconia (S‐ZrO2) fibers into recast Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). With the introduction of electrospun superacidic fiber mats, a large amount of protogenic groups aggregated in the interfacial region between S‐ZrO2 fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had high proton conductivities, which were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber volume fraction. Consequently, the superacidic S‐ZrO2 electrospun fibers are promising filler materials and hybrid membranes containing S‐ZrO2 fiber mats can be potentially used in high‐performance fuel cells.}, number={6}, journal={ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={1133–1140} }
 @article{yao_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Superacidic electrospun fiber-nafion hybrid proton exchange membranes}, volume={1}, journal={Advanced Energy Materials}, author={Yao, Y. F. and Lin, Z. and Li, Y. and Alcoutlabi, M. and Hamouda, H. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{zinc oxide/nylon 6 electrospun fibers for warfare protective applications_2011, booktitle={2nd Engineering Day at the NC Legislature}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{zinc oxide/nylon 6 electrospun fibers for warfare protective applications_2011, booktitle={2011 AATCC Materials Research Poster Competition}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_ji_nowak_mccord_bourham_zhang_2010, title={A facile approach to fabricate porous nylon 6 nanofibers using silica nanotemplate}, volume={120}, ISSN={0021-8995}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33161}, DOI={10.1002/app.33161}, abstractNote={AbstractPorous Nylon 6 nanofibers were prepared using silica nanoparticles as the template. Firstly, Nylon 6/silica composite nanofibers were prepared as precursors by electrospinning Nylon 6 solutions containing different contents of silica nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the surface morphology and the inner structure of composite nanofibers; where it was found that silica nanoparticles were distributed both inside and on the surface of nanofibers. Analytical techniques [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction) were used to study the structure and properties of these composite nanofibers. The glass transition, melting, and crystallization processes of the fibers were affected by the addition of silica nanoparticles. Secondly, porous Nylon 6 nanofibers were obtained by removing silica nanoparticles via hydrofluoric acid treatment. The removal of silica nanoparticles was confirmed using FTIR and TGA tests. SEM and TEM observations revealed the formation of the porous structure in these nanofibers. After the formation of the porous structure, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface areas of nanofibers were increased as compared to solid Nylon 6 and composite nanofibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Ji, Liwen and Nowak, Joshua and McCord, Marian and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={425–433} }
 @article{ji_lin_guo_medford_zhang_2010, title={Assembly of Carbon-SnO2 Core-Sheath Composite Nanofibers for Superior Lithium Storage}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1521-3765"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540086/}, DOI={10.1002/chem.201001564}, abstractNote={Protective coating: Carbon-SnO(2) core-sheath composite nanofibers are synthesized through the creative combination of electrospinning and electrodeposition processes (see figure). They display excellent electrochemical performance when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.}, number={38}, journal={CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Guo, Bingkun and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={11543–11548} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_lin_guo_mccord_bourham_zhang_2011, title={Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Pre-Electrospinning Polymer Solution: A Feasible Method to Improve Electrospinnability}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1099-0488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117880/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.22157}, abstractNote={AbstractThe electrospinnability of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was manipulated by atmospheric plasma treatment of pre‐electrospinning solutions. Conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension of PEO solutions increased after plasma treatment, and the plasma effect remained longer when the solution concentrate increased. Both untreated and treated solutions were then electrospun, and the morphology of the resultant nanofibers was observed by SEM. Atmospheric plasma treatment improved the electrospinnability of PEO solutions and led to less beads and finer diameter distribution in the resultant nanofibers. Additionally, plasma treatment of the pre‐electrospinning solutions affected the crystal structure of resultant nanofibers. These results suggest that atmospheric plasma treatment is a feasible approach to improve the electrospinnability of polymer solutions and can used to control the structure of electrospun nanofibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Nowak, Joshua and Lin, Zhan and Guo, Bingkun and McCord, Marian and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={115–122} }
 @inproceedings{carbon nanofiber-supported platinum and platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles for use as anode electrodes in direct methanol fuel cells_2010, booktitle={Fifth Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2010}, month={Mar} }
 @article{jung_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2010, title={Chemical protection performance of polystyrene sulfonic acid-filled polypropylene nonwoven membranes}, volume={362}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178350/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.031}, abstractNote={One of the major purposes of using chemical protective membranes is to minimize the exposure of wearers to hazardous chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as nerve agents and mustard gas. However, many chemical protection membranes have limitations such as low breathability, which can cause discomfort, and poor mechanical stability. Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) was investigated for chemical protection due to its ability to hinder the permeation of organic agents while allowing water vapor to pass through. Cross-linked PSS was filled into the open pores of polypropylene nonwoven membrane supports, and the resultant PSS-filled nonwoven composite membranes have improved mechanical properties and reduced vapor permeation for simulants of sarin, soman, VX, and mustard gas. At the same time, these PSS-filled nonwoven membranes retain high water vapor permeation that is beneficial for reducing heat exhaustion. PSS-filled nonwoven membranes were also hot-pressed to further reduce the membrane thickness and vapor permeation, and to improve the mechanical properties. Results show that hot-pressed PSS-filled nonwoven membranes are mechanically strong and have lower CWA simulant vapor permeation and higher water vs. CWA simulant selectivity than commercially available Nafion®. Therefore, PSS-filled nonwoven membranes are promising candidate materials for chemical vapor protective applications.}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={137–142} }
 @inproceedings{composite tin oxide-carbon electrospun nanofibers for use as lithium-ion battery anodes_2010, booktitle={Nano for the 3rd Millenium 2010}, year={2010}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lin_ji_medford_shi_krause_zhang_2011, title={Electrocatalytic interaction of nano-engineered palladium on carbon nanofibers with hydrogen peroxide and beta-NADH}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1432-8488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117879/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-010-1218-2}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Shi, Quan and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={1287–1294} }
 @article{lin_ji_woodroof_zhang_2010, title={Electrodeposited MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites for use as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540092/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.004}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber-supported MnOx composites were prepared by electrodepositing MnOx nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of MnOx nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. SEM, TEM/EDS, elemental analysis, and XRD were used to study the morphology and composition of MnOx on the nanofibers. The resultant MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in lithium half cells and their electrochemical performance was characterized. Results show that MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites prepared by different deposition durations have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and excellent structural integrity during cycling.}, number={15}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={5025–5031} }
 @inproceedings{electrodeposition of mnox onto carbon nano-fibers to form a composite for anode material in lithium-ion batteries_2010, booktitle={19th Annual NC State Undergraduate Research Spring Symposium}, year={2010}, month={Apr} }
 @article{woodroof_lin_zhang_2010, title={Electrodeposition of MnOx onto Carbon Nano-Fibers to Form a Composite for Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={7}, journal={NC State University Undergraduate Research Journal}, author={Woodroof, Mariah D. and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={2–7} }
 @inproceedings{electrospun nanofibers for protective applications_2010, booktitle={COT Research Open House}, year={2010}, month={Apr} }
 @article{lin_ji_toprakci_krause_zhang_2010, title={Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported Pt-Pd alloy composites for oxygen reduction}, volume={25}, ISSN={["2044-5326"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674398/}, DOI={10.1557/jmr.2010.0163}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber-supported Pt–Pd alloy composites were prepared by co-electrodepositing Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM)/(EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the composition of Pt–Pd alloy on the composites, and the co-electrodeposition mechanism of Pt–Pd alloy was investigated. The resultant Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 at 25 °C to study their electrocatalytic ability to reduce oxygen. Results show that Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites possess good performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Among all Pt–Pd/carbon nanofibers prepared, the nanofiber composite with a Pt–Pd loading of 0.90 mg/cm2 has the highest electrocatalytic activity by catalyst mass.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1329–1335} }
 @article{vitchuli_shi_nowak_mccord_bourham_zhang_2010, title={Electrospun ultrathin nylon fibers for protective applications}, volume={116}, ISSN={0021-8995 1097-4628}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.31825}, DOI={10.1002/app.31825}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospun nylon 6 fiber mats were deposited on woven 50/50 nylon/cotton fabric with the motive of making them into protective material against submicron‐level aerosol chemical and biological threats. Polymer solution concentration, electrospinning voltage, and deposition areal densities were varied to establish the relationships of processing‐structure‐filtration efficiency of electrospun fiber mats. A high barrier efficiency of greater than 99.5% was achieved on electrospun fiber mats without sacrificing air permeability and pressure drop. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vitchuli, Narendiran and Shi, Quan and Nowak, Joshua and McCord, Marian and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={NA-NA} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2010, title={Evaluation of Si/carbon composite nanofiber-based insertion anodes for new-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1754-5692"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178339/}, DOI={10.1039/b912188a}, abstractNote={A convenient and low cost approach has been developed for the fabrication of advanced anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by loading Si nanoparticles as an alloying media into carbon nanofibers. The resultant composite nanofiber anodes have special fibrous textures that can absorb the huge volume change of Si during Li insertion and extraction reactions and hinder the cracking or crumbling of the electrode, and hence they have good electrochemical behaviors including large reversible capacity, relatively high capacity retention and good rate capability.}, number={1}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={124–129} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication and Electrochemical Characteristics of LiFePO(4) Powders for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, number={28}, journal={Kona Powder and Particle Journal}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={50–73} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4 powders for lithium-Ion batteries}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674400/}, DOI={10.14356/kona.2010008}, abstractNote={Novel powder fabrication technologies provide opportunities to develop high-performance, low-cost cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among various energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy density electrochemical power sources. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries offer energy densities 2 - 3 times and power densities 5 - 6 times higher than conventional Ni-Cd and NiMH batteries, and as a result, they weigh less and take less space for a given energy delivery. However, the use of lithium-ion batteries in many large applications such as electric vehicles and storage devices for future power grids is hindered by the poor thermal stability, relatively high toxicity, and high cost of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) powders, which are currently used as the cathode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Recently, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders have become a favorable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost, high discharge potential (ar ound 3.4 V versus Li/Li + ), large specific capacity (170 mAh/g), good thermal stability, and high abundance with the environmentally benign and safe nature. As a result, there is a huge demand for the production of high-performance LiFePO4 powders. However, LiFePO4 also has its own limitation such as low conductivity (~10 －9 S/cm), which results in poor rate capability. This can be addressed by modifying the powder structure using novel fabrication technologies. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of high-performance LiFePO4 powders for lithium-ion batteries. The LiFePO4 powder fabrication methods covered include: solid-state synthesis, mechanochemical activation, carbothermal reduction, microwave heating, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, microemulsion drying, and others. The impacts of these fabrication methods on the structure and performance of LiFePO4 powders are discussed. In addition, the improvement of the conductivity of LiFePO4 powders through novel powder technologies}, number={28}, journal={Kona Powder and Particle Journal}, author={Toprakci, O. and Toprakci, H. A. K. and Ji, L. W. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={50–73} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4 powders for lithium-Ion batteries}, journal={Kona Powder and Particle Journal}, author={Toprakci, O. and Toprakci, H. A. K. and Ji, L. W. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2010} }
 @article{ji_yao_toprakci_lin_liang_shi_medford_millns_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication of carbon nanofiber-driven electrodes from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponents for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674401/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.021}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and polypyrrole, followed by carbonization at 700 °C. Structural features of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponent nanofibers and their corresponding carbon nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermo-gravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that intermolecular interactions are formed between two different polymers, which influence the thermal properties of electrospun bicomponent nanofibers. In addition, with the increase of polypyrrole concentration, the resultant carbon nanofibers exhibit increasing disordered structure. These carbon nanofibers were used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder or conductive material and they display high reversible capacity, improved cycle performance, relatively good rate capability, and clear fibrous morphology even after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of these carbon nanofibers can be attributed to their unusual surface properties and unique structural features, which amplify both surface area and extensive intermingling between electrode and electrolyte phases over small length scales, thereby leading to fast kinetics and short pathways for both Li ions and electrons.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Ji, Liwen and Yao, Yingfang and Toprakci, Ozan and Lin, Zhan and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Medford, Andrew J. and Millns, Christopher R. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={2050–2056} }
 @article{ji_lin_li_li_liang_toprakci_shi_zhang_2010, title={Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674399/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042}, abstractNote={Novel core-sheath nanofibers, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core and polypyrrole (PPy) sheath with clear boundary between them, were fabricated by electrospinning PAN/FeCl3·6H2O bicomponent nanofibers and the subsequent surface-initiated polymerization in a pyrrole-containing solution. By adjusting the concentration of FeCl3·6H2O, the surface morphology of PPy sheath changed from isolated agglomerates or clusters to relatively uniform thin-film structure. Thermal properties of PAN-PPy core-sheath nanofibers were also characterized. Results indicated that the PPy sheath played a role of inhibitor and retarded the complex chemical reactions of PAN during the carbonization process.}, number={19}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Liang, Yinzheng and Toprakci, Ozan and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={4368–4374} }
 @article{ji_lin_li_li_liang_toprakci_shi_zhang_2010, title={Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={51}, journal={Polymer}, author={Ji, L. W. and Lin, Z. and Li, Y. and Li, S. L. and Liang, Y. Z. and Toprakci, O. and Shi, Q. A. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2010} }
 @article{ji_lin_zhou_shi_toprakci_medford_millns_zhang_2010, title={Formation and electrochemical performance of copper/carbon composite nanofibers}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674402/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.033}, abstractNote={Copper-loaded carbon nanofibers are fabricated by thermally treating electrospun Cu(CH3COO)2/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and utilized as an energy-storage material for rechargeable lithium–ion batteries. These composite nanofibers deliver more than 400 mA g−1 reversible capacities at 50 and 100 mA g−1 current densities and also maintain clear fibrous morphology and good structural integrity after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The relatively high capacity and good cycling performance of these composite nanofibers, stemmed from the integrated combination of metallic copper and disordered carbon as well as their unique textures and surface properties, make them a promising electrode candidate for next-generation lithium–ion batteries.}, number={5}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Zhou, Rui and Shi, Quan and Toprakci, Ozan and Medford, Andrew J. and Millns, Christopher R. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={1605–1611} }
 @inproceedings{metal oxide electrodeposited carbon nanofibers as cathode material in lithium-air battery_2010, booktitle={2010 NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2010}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{preparation and durability improvement of pvdf nanofiber on poly-olefin membranes_2010, booktitle={2010 NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2010}, month={Aug} }
 @article{jung_ji_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2010, title={Structure-property relationships of polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection applications}, volume={361}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178319/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.010}, abstractNote={Polymer membranes with selective permeabilities are excellent material candidates for chemical protection applications. For example, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) membranes have high water permeability, and at the same time, they can block some harmful chemicals. However, PAMPS membranes are mechanically weak and their vapor selectivities need to be further improved for practical chemical protection. In this study, nonwoven fabrics were employed as the structural host to enhance both the mechanical properties and functionality of PAMPS membranes. PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes were prepared by filling the open pores of polypropylene nonwovens with linear and cross-linked PAMPS materials, respectively. It was found that PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes showed improved tensile properties, reduced vapor permeability, and increased selectivity, and the resultant PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes are promising material candidates for chemical protection applications.}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Ji, Liwen and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={63–70} }
 @article{jung_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2011, title={Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Filled Nonwoven Membranes}, volume={119}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178333/}, DOI={10.1002/app.32611}, abstractNote={AbstractPolymer‐filled nonwoven membranes were prepared by filling the open pores of nylon nonwovens with poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS). PAMPS was synthesized via radical polymerization and crosslinked to prevent its dissolution in water. PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwoven membranes showed enhanced dimensional stability and mechanical properties when compared with PAMPS membranes without nonwovens. The conductivities of PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwovens were slightly lower than those of PAMPS membranes. Compared with PAMPS membranes without nonwoven hosts, both linear and crosslinked PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwoven membranes exhibited lower vapor permeabilities for water, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl methylphophonate (DMMP). In addition, crosslinked PAMPS‐filled nonwoven membranes presented high permselectivity on DMMP over water, which is critical for chemical protection application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={2568–2575} }
 @article{lin_ji_woodroof_yao_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Carbon Nanofiber-Supported Platinum by 1-AP Functionalization and Polyol Processing Technique}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540058/}, DOI={10.1021/jp9096138}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of the carbon nanofibers. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have Pt nanoparticles with a smaller size and better distribution compared with those treated with conventional acids. Moreover, Pt/1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area, improved performance toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, and relatively...}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Yao, Yingfang and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={3791–3797} }
 @article{lin_ji_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and electrocatalysis of 1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofiber-supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540088/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.059}, abstractNote={Platinum–ruthenium/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing PtRu nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of PtRu nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of carbon nanofibers. The resulting PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by cyclic voltammogram in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions, respectively. The PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have smaller nanoparticles and a more uniform distribution, compared with those pretreated with conventional acids. Moreover, PtRu/1-aminopyrene functionalized carbon nanofibers have high active surface area and improved performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.}, number={17}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={5520–5526} }
 @article{lin_ji_zhang_2009, title={A Review of Pt Alloys and Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Supported Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells}, volume={1}, journal={Journal of Energy Storage and Conversion}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={101–115} }
 @inproceedings{application of atmospheric pressure plasma on electrospun functional nanofibers_2009, booktitle={Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference}, year={2009}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{challenges in advanced nanofiber wound dressings_2009, booktitle={AATCC Innovations in Functional Materials, Sports and Defense Technologies, and Composites/NTC Forum}, year={2009}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{design and synthesis of dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs)_2009, booktitle={7th Annual Research Open House in the College of Textiles}, year={2009}, month={Apr} }
 @article{roe_zhang_2009, title={Durable Hydrophobic Textile Fabric Finishing Using Silica Nanoparticles and Mixed Silanes}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178317/}, DOI={10.1177/0040517508100184}, abstractNote={ Cotton fabric surface was treated with combinations of silica nanoparticles, silane hydrophobes, and silane crosslinkers to obtain durable hydrophobicity. Performance analysis was done by measuring the contact angle of water on the treated fabric surface. To evaluate the durability of the surface hydrophobicity, AATCC crocking and laundering tests were performed. Cotton fabrics with good hydrophobicity (contact angle = 139.1°) and excellent durability (e.g. 95% recovery of contact angle after laundering) were obtained when treated with Aerosil® 90 nanoparticles, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane. This study demonstrated that the surface treatment using silica nanoparticles and mixed silanes is a promising alternative to fluoropolymer chemistry for achieving durable hydrophobic fabrics. }, number={12}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Roe, Barry and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={1115–1122} }
 @article{lin_woodroof_ji_liang_krause_zhang_2010, title={Effect of Platinum Salt Concentration on the Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Platinum Acetylacetonate Solution}, volume={116}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540059/}, DOI={10.1002/app.31616}, abstractNote={AbstractThe preparation and characterization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/platinum(II) acetylacetonate composite nanofibers were investigated. The solution properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, of Pt‐acetylacetonate‐added PAN solutions in N,N‐dimethylformamide were measured, and their influences on the resulting fiber structure were also determined. At low Pt salt concentrations, the addition of Pt salt increased the fiber diameter but did not change the fiber diameter distribution. However, the fiber diameter decreased, and the fiber diameter distribution became broader when the Pt salt concentration went beyond a critical value. The structure of the electrospun fibers was determined by the formation of polymer–salt– solvent interactions, which changed the balance among the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity of the solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Lin, Zhan and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Ji, Liwen and Liang, Yinzheng and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={895–901} }
 @inproceedings{effects of carbon black and current rate on lifepo4 cathodes and lithium-ion batteries_2009, booktitle={NCSU Summer Research Program Meeting}, year={2009}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lin_ji_zhang_2009, title={Electrocatalytic properties of Pt/carbon composite nanofibers}, volume={54}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540064/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.022}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by electrodepositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by the electrodeposition time. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.20 M H2SO4 and 5.0 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] + 0.10 M KCl solutions. The electrocatalytic activities of Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were measured by the oxidation of methanol. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area and fast electron transfer rate, which lead to a good performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. It is also found that the Pt/carbon nanofiber electrode with a Pt loading of 0.170 mg cm−2 has the highest activity.}, number={27}, journal={Electrochimica Acta}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={7042–7047} }
 @article{lin_ji_zhang_2009, title={Electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles onto carbon nanofibers for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1873-4979"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540063/}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2009.07.005}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by electrodepositing Pt nanoparticles onto electrospun carbon nanofibers and were used as catalysts towards the oxidation of methanol. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by selectively adjusting the electrodeposition potential and time. SEM and TEM results show that the composite nanofibers were successfully obtained and Pt particle diameters were between 10 and 55 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of the composite nanofibers expressed by current density per Pt particle mass was found to depend on the particle size, showing an increasing activity when the catalyst diameter decreased.}, number={24-25}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={2115–2118} }
 @inproceedings{electrospun composite nanofibers for lithium-ion batteries_2009, booktitle={AATCC Innovations in Functional Materials, Sports and Defense Technologies, and Composites/NTC Forum}, year={2009}, month={Oct} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun carbon nanofibers containing silicon particles as an energy-storage medium}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178314/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.039}, abstractNote={A new energy-storage material has been developed by embedding Si nanoparticles as an alloying medium in electrospun carbon nanofibers. Anodes made from these carbon/Si composite nanofibers combine the advantages of both carbon (long cycle life) and Si (high lithium-storage capacity). They exhibit good electrochemical performance in terms of large reversible capacity, relatively good capacity retention and excellent rate capability upon insertion/extraction of lithium. As a result, they are promising anode candidates for storing energy in high performance batteries.}, number={14}, journal={CARBON}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={3219–3226} }
 @article{jung_ju_lee_zhang_kotek_2009, title={Electrospun hydrophilic fumed silica/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber-based composite electrolyte membranes}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178329/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.039}, abstractNote={Hydrophilic fumed silica (SiO2)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite electrolyte membranes were prepared by electrospinning composite solutions of SiO2 and PAN in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Among electrospinning solutions with various SiO2 contents, the 12 wt% SiO2 in PAN solution has highest zeta potential (−40.82 mV), and exhibits the best dispersibility of SiO2 particles. The resultant 12 wt% SiO2/PAN nanofiber membrane has the smallest average fiber diameter, highest porosity, and largest specific surface area. In addition, this membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, which is fully interconnected with combined mesopores and macropores because of a good SiO2 dispersion. Composite electrolyte membranes were prepared by soaking these porous nanofiber membranes in 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (1:1 vol%). It is found that 12 wt% SiO2/PAN electrolyte membrane has the highest conductivity (1.1 × 10−2 S cm−1) due to the large liquid electrolyte uptake (about 490%). In addition, the electrochemical performance of composite electrolyte membranes is also improved after the introduction of SiO2. For initial cycle, 12 wt% SiO2/PAN composite electrolyte membrane delivers the discharge capacity of 139 mAh g−1 as 98% of theoretical value, and still retains a high value of 127 mAh g−1 as 89% at 150th cycle, which is significantly higher that of pure PAN nanofiber-based electrolyte membranes.}, number={13}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Jung, Hong-Ryun and Ju, Dong-Hyuk and Lee, Wan-Jin and Zhang, Xiangwu and Kotek, Richard}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={3630–3637} }
 @article{ji_jung_medford_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers with dispersed Si nanoparticles and their electrochemical behaviors after carbonization}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1364-5501"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178352/}, DOI={10.1039/b903165k}, abstractNote={Si 
 nanoparticle-incorporated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are prepared using the electrospinning method and Si-filled carbon (Si/C) fibers are obtained by the subsequent heat treatment of these Si/PAN fibers. Their microstructures are characterized by various analytical techniques. It is found that Si nanoparticles are distributed both inside and on the surface of PAN fibers and this is preserved after the formation of Si/C fibers. The crystal structure characterization indicates that, in Si/C fibers, Si nanoparticles exist in a crystalline state while carbon is in a predominantly amorphous or disordered form. Si/C fibers show high reversible capacity and good capacity retention when tested as anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The excellent electrochemical performance of these fibers can be ascribed to the combined contributions of carbon matrices and Si nanoparticles, and the favorable textures and surface properties of the Si/C fibers.}, number={28}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Jung, Kyung-Hye and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={4992–4997} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/zinc chloride composite nanofibers and their response to hydrogen sulfide}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178383/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.016}, abstractNote={In this work, we explore the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) composite nanofibers and the response of these nanofibers to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Solution properties, including surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity, have been measured and integrated with the results of a variety of other analytical techniques to investigate the effects of ZnCl2 salt on the structure and thermal properties of electrospun nanofibers. It is found that the addition of ZnCl2 reduces the diameter and inhibits the instantaneous cyclization reaction of these nanofibers. Additionally, exposing PAN/ZnCl2 fibers to H2S leads to the formation of PAN/zinc sulfide (ZnS) composite nanofibers that contain ZnS crystals on the surface. These results indicate that PAN/ZnCl2 composite nanofibers could find applications in H2S sensing and removal, or as precursors for semiconductor ZnS-coated polymer nanofibers.}, number={2}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={605–612} }
 @book{zhang_ji_lin_donghua_2009, title={Energy-Related Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers}, journal={Proceedings of the Fiber Society 2009 Spring Conference, Vols I and Ii}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Donghua, University}, year={2009}, pages={959–960} }
 @article{energy-related applications of electrospun nanofibers_2009, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540076/}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIBER SOCIETY 2009 SPRING CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries using tin (iv) acetate and the electrospinning method_2009, booktitle={The 8th Annual NC State University Undergraduate Summer Research Symposium}, year={2009}, month={Jul} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of Carbon Fibers with Nanoporous Morphologies from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Poly(L-lactide) Blends}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1099-0488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178332/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.21654}, abstractNote={AbstractPorous carbon nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and poly(L‐lactide), followed by carbonization at different temperatures and in different atmospheres. Structural features of these porous carbon nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Surface area and pore structure were evaluated using the nitrogen adsorption technique. It was found that carbon fibers prepared by this scalable and relatively economical method exhibited a porous surface morphology with high specific surface area and large pore volume. The fiber diameter, surface area, pore volume, bulky crystalline structure, and surface crystalline structure of these carbon nanofibers showed a strong dependence on the polymer precursor composition and carbonization condition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 493–503, 2009}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={493–503} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication of composite nanofiber anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries_2009, booktitle={215th Electrochemical Society Meeting}, year={2009}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication of composite nanofiber anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries_2009, booktitle={215th Electrochemical Society Meeting}, year={2009}, month={May} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers and their application as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1361-6528"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6110280/}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/20/15/155705}, abstractNote={Porous carbon nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning of a bicomponent polymer solution, followed by thermal treatments under different atmospheres. The surface morphology, thermal properties, and crystalline features of these nanofibers were characterized using various analytic techniques, and it was found that they were formed with turbostratically disordered graphene sheets and had small pores and large surface areas. The unique structure of these porous carbon nanofibers resulted in good electrochemical performance such as high reversible capacity and good cycle stability when they were used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={15}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Apr} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of porous carbon/Si composite nanofibers as high-capacity battery electrodes}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178318/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.03.042}, abstractNote={Carbon/Si composite nanofibers with porous structures are prepared by electrospinning and subsequent carbonization processes. It is found that these porous composite nanofibers can be used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any binding or conducting additive. The resultant anodes exhibit good electrochemical performance; for example, a large discharge capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 200 mA g−1.}, number={6}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={1146–1149} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Generation of activated carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile-zinc chloride composites for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178330/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.018}, abstractNote={Activated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with large surface areas and small pores were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent thermal and chemical treatments. These activated CNFs were examined as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any non-active material. Their electrochemical behaviors show improved lithium-ion storage capability and better cyclic stability compared with unactivated counterparts. The results demonstrate that the unique structures and properties of these materials make them promising candidates as anodes in LIBs.}, number={3}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={684–687} }
 @article{ji_lin_medford_zhang_2009, title={In-Situ Encapsulation of Nickel Particles in Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers and the Resultant Electrochemical Performance}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1521-3765"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540091/}, DOI={10.1002/chem.200902012}, abstractNote={Loaded nanofibers: Ni nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers, which exhibit high reversible lithium-storage capacity, excellent cycling performance, and remarkably enhanced rate capability, are fabricated by using the electrospinning technique and the subsequent stabilization and carbonization processes (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.}, number={41}, journal={CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={10718–10722} }
 @inproceedings{lithium-ion battery pack design_2009, booktitle={Electrifying Trasportation Conference}, year={2009}, month={May} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Manganese oxide nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofibers as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178338/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.039}, abstractNote={Mn-based oxide-loaded porous carbon nanofiber anodes, exhibiting large reversible capacity, excellent capacity retention, and good rate capability, are fabricated by carbonizing electrospun polymer/Mn(CH3COO)2 composite nanofibers without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor. The excellent electrochemical performance of these organic/inorganic nanocomposites is a result of the unique combinative effects of nano-sized Mn-based oxides and carbon matrices as well as the highly-developed porous composite nanofiber structure, which make them promising anode candidates for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={4}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={795–798} }
 @inproceedings{nanofiber-based anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries_2009, booktitle={7th Annual Research Open House in the College of Textiles}, year={2009}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{nonwovens containing polymer fillers_2009, booktitle={Richard D. Gilbert Award Symposium for Students in Polymer Science}, year={2009}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jung_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2009, title={POLY 63-Polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection}, volume={238}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009} }
 @article{poly 63-polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection_2009, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178334/}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection_2009, booktitle={2009 Fall American Chemistry Society National Meeting}, year={2009}, month={Aug} }
 @article{ji_lin_medford_zhang_2009, title={Porous carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/SiO2 composites as an energy storage material}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540062/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.002}, abstractNote={Porous carbon nanofibers with large accessible surface areas and well-developed pore structures were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent thermal and chemical treatments. They were directly used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries without adding any non-active materials such as polymer binders or electronic conductors. The electrochemical performance results show that porous carbon nanofiber anodes have improved lithium-ion storage ability, enhanced charge–discharge kinetics, and better cyclic stability compared with non-porous counterparts. The unique structures and properties of these materials make them excellent candidates for use as anodes in high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={14}, journal={CARBON}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={3346–3354} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Porous carbon nanofibers loaded with manganese oxide particles: Formation mechanism and electrochemical performance as energy-storage materials}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1364-5501"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178331/}, DOI={10.1039/b905755b}, abstractNote={Mn oxide-loaded porous carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing different amounts of Mn(CH3COO)2, followed by thermal treatments in different environments. It is found that the manganese salt may transform into γ-Mn(OOH)2 or other Mn compounds during the thermal oxidation in air environment, while further thermal treatment in argon atmosphere results in MnO and Mn3O4 particles confined to a nanoporous carbon structure. Surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structures are characterized using various analytical techniques to provide insight into the formation mechanism of the porous structure. These Mn oxide-loaded porous carbon composite nanofibers exhibit high reversible capacity, improved cycling performance, and elevated rate capability even at high current rates when used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.}, number={31}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={5593–5601} }
 @inbook{zhang_2009, title={Processing-Structure Relationships of Electrospun Nanofibers}, booktitle={Nanofibers: Fabrication, Performance, and Applications}, publisher={Nova Science}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, editor={Chang, W.N.Editor}, year={2009}, pages={239–270,} }
 @inproceedings{pt-carbon nanofiber composites for use as electrodes in dmfcs_2009, booktitle={215th Electrochemical Society Meeting}, year={2009}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{pt-carbon nanofiber composites for use as electrodes in dmfcs_2009, booktitle={215th Electrochemical Society Meeting}, year={2009}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{synthesis and characterization of pamps-filled nylon nonwoven membranes_2009, booktitle={237th American Chemical Society National Meeting}, year={2009}, month={Mar} }
 @article{jung_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2009, title={Synthesis and characterization of PAMPS-filled nylon nonwoven membranes}, volume={237}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009} }
 @article{synthesis and characterization of pamps-filled nylon nonwoven membranes_2009, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178320/}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, year={2009} }
 @article{du_shintay_zhang_2008, title={Diameter control of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/iron acetylacetonate ultrafine nanofibers}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0887-6266"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178321/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.21500}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospinning is the process of producing ultrafine fibers by overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution using high voltage. In this work, the effects of both solution properties (viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension) and operational conditions (voltage, feed rate, and spinneret‐collector distance), on the structure of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, were systematically investigated. Iron acetylacetonate was added to the electrospinning solution to control fiber diameter by selectively adjusting solution properties. It was found that, with increased salt concentration, the fiber diameter increases and then passes through a maximum due to changes in solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension. In addition, the fiber diameter increases with increase in voltage, feed rate, and spinneret‐collector distance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1611–1618, 2008}, number={15}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Du, Jinmei and Shintay, Samantha and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={1611–1618} }
 @inproceedings{electrospun composite nanofibers for lithium ion battery applications_2008, booktitle={NSF Site Visit Meeting}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication of porous carbon nano-fibers from electrospun pan/pla blends_2008, booktitle={17th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium}, year={2008}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers through electrospinning_2008, booktitle={Emerging Issues Forum}, year={2008}, month={Feb} }
 @article{zhang_2008, title={Hydroentangling: A Novel Approach to High-Speed Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Membranes}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0935-9648"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178335/}, DOI={10.1002/adma.200801919}, abstractNote={with 1M electrolyte solution of LiPF 6 in a 50:50v/o mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), between a CNT electrode and a lithium counter electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained using a Gamry reference 600Potentio-stat/Galvanostat/ZRA over the frequency range of 10 (cid:1) 1 –10 6 Hz, the cell performance(i.e., voltage profile andreversible capacity) was tested with an Arbin automatic battery cycler between 0.05 and 2.50V.}, number={21}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={4140-+} }
 @inproceedings{nonwovens containing novel polymer fillers_2008, booktitle={NSF Site Visit Meeting}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{porous carbon nanofibers: preparation and application as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries_2008, booktitle={ACS Polymer Discussion Group Richard D. Gilbert Award Student Symposium}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @article{ji_saquing_khan_zhang_2008, title={Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1361-6528"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178323/}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085605}, abstractNote={In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5 wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.}, number={8}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Ji, Liwen and Saquing, Carl and Khan, Saad A. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{preparation of porous carbon nanofibers and their application in lithium-ion batteries_2008, booktitle={Third Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhang_2008, title={Review: Structure Control of Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Assemblies}, volume={2}, journal={International Journal of Electrospun Nanofibers and Applications}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, pages={75–102} }
 @article{du_zhang_2008, title={Role of polymer-salt-solvent interactions in the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile/iron acetylacetonate}, volume={109}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178336/}, DOI={10.1002/app.28396}, abstractNote={AbstractElectrospinning is a process of producing ultrafine fibers by overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution with electrostatic force. In this study, iron acetylacetonate was added to a polyacrylonitrile solution, and the role of polymer–salt–solvent interactions in the electrospinning of the ultrafine fibers was investigated. The polymer–salt–solvent interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and the solution viscosity, conductivity and surface tension were measured in solutions with different salt concentrations. The formation of polymer–salt–solvent interactions increased the solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension values at low salt concentrations. At high concentrations, the solution viscosity and surface tension decreased, but the conductivity remained relatively constant. The polymer–salt–solvent interactions influenced the structures of the electrospun fibers by changing the balance among the solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Du, Jinmei and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={2935–2941} }
 @article{zhang_zhang_shiue_fedkiw_2008, title={Single-ion conductors for lithium batteries via silica surface modification}, volume={177}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178337/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.064}, abstractNote={Single-ion conductors (SICs) have been prepared by free-radical polymerization of sulfonic acid-containing monomer on high-purity silica surface that was first tailored with unsaturated functionality using a silanation reaction. It was found that steric effects limited polyelectrolyte surface loading even when large amount of silane molecules were grafted by forming a cross-linked structure. The results indicate that large surface area is an important factor to achieve high-surface loading of ionic moieties. Composite electrolytes were prepared by dispersing these SICs in aprotic solvents. The effects of filler content and solvent on ionic conductivity were investigated.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Zhang, Hanjun and Zhang, Xiangwu and Shiue, Eric and Fedkiw, Peter S.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={561–565} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2008, title={Ultrafine polyacrylonitrile/silica composite fibers via electrospinning}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0167-577X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178340/}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.051}, abstractNote={Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/silica composite nanofibers, in the diameter of 200–300 nm, were prepared by a one-step electrospinning method. The PAN/silica nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, ATR–FTIR and DSC. SEM and TEM images show that beads are formed and silica nanoparticles start to aggregate when the silica content is higher than 2 wt.% in nanofibers. ATR–FTIR spectra and DSC results indicate that there may exist interactions between silica nanoparticles and PAN. The addition of silica nanoparticles also changes the thermal properties of PAN/silica nanofibers.}, number={14}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={2161–2164} }
 @article{zhang_pan_2008, title={novel polymer composite with double positive-temperature-coefficient transitions: effect of filler-matrix interface on the resistivity-temperature behavior}, volume={57}, journal={Polymer International}, author={Zhang, X. W. and Pan, Y.}, year={2008} }
 @article{zhang_pan_2008, title={A novel polymer composite with double positive-temperature-coefficient transitions: effect of filler-matrix interface on the resistivity-temperature behavior}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0959-8103"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178348/}, DOI={10.1002/pi.2408}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUND: Sn–Pb alloy‐filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites exhibit double positive‐temperature‐coefficient (PTC) behavior, with the first transition at the melting point of HDPE and the second at that of Sn–Pb alloy. The objective of this study is to improve the reversibility and reproducibility of double‐PTC transitions of these composite materials by enhancing the filler–matrix interface.RESULTS: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface wettability and dynamic mechanical and rheological measurements confirm that surface‐treating Sn–Pb with titanate concentration ≤1 wt% enhances the interface adhesion between Sn–Pb alloy and HDPE matrix. Surface‐treating Sn–Pb with titanate concentration ≤1 wt% increases the PTC transition temperature, reduces the PTC intensity and improves the reversibility and reproducibility of the double‐PTC behavior of Sn–Pb/HDPE composites.CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that adjusting the filler–matrix interface is an effective means to modify the double‐PTC behavior of Sn–Pb alloy‐filled HDPE composites. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={5}, journal={POLYMER INTERNATIONAL}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Pan, Yi}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={770–777} }
 @inproceedings{electrospinning parameters and their effect on the fabrication of catalyst-loaded nanofibers for fuel cells_2007, booktitle={3rd Annual State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research Symposium,}, year={2007}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{nonwovens containing polymer fillers_2007, booktitle={MemFAST Meeting}, year={2007}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{nonwovens containing polymer fillers_2007, booktitle={TE/ECE Symposium}, year={2007}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{polyacrylonitrile-based composite and carbon nanofibers for lithium-ion battery applications_2007, booktitle={212th Electrochemical Society Meeting}, year={2007}, month={Oct} }
 @article{zhang_2007, title={Porous organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells}, volume={154}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178315/}, DOI={10.1149/1.2429045}, abstractNote={A family of porous silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes containing surface propanesulfonic acid groups or polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSS) chains for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is described. Porous silica-propanesulfonic acid (porous silica-PS) has higher proton conductivity than the primary porous silica, but still has limited operating temperature (<100°C) and low water uptake at 130°C. Porous silica-polystyrenesulfonic acid (porous silica-PSS) has high proton conductivity, large water uptake, and improved operating temperature, which are influenced by the proton density on the inner surface of nanopores. A maximum conductivity of 0.05 S cm -1 is achieved at a relative humidity of 40% and a temperature of 150°C for porous silica-PSS with a surface proton density of 15.2 nm -2 . The porous silica-PSS-based fuel cell has good cell performance at 130°C.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2007}, pages={B322–B326} }
 @article{liu_kwok_li_lao_zhang_2007, title={Skin pressure profiles and variations with body postural changes beneath medical elastic compression stockings}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-9059"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/8072788/}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03175.x}, abstractNote={AbstractBackground  Medical elastic compression stockings (GCSs) are one of the most widely used mechanical compression approaches to relieve venous disorders of the lower limb. The skin pressure profiles applied by compression stockings may be altered with body postural changes, thus exerting influences on their therapeutic efficiency.Objectives  To examine and quantify objectively the skin pressure distribution and magnitude beneath GCSs with body postural changes, and to analyze the possible reasons for skin pressure variations.Methods  The pressure levels of four different kinds of commonly used GCS were measured using piezoelectric sensors and a multichannel measuring system in six female healthy volunteers in 10 different body positions.Results  Body postural changes significantly influenced the skin pressure profiles (P < 0.001). Skin pressures at the ankle and on the anterior side of the leg were always highest when tested in all positions. Extension and flexion of the knee joint significantly influenced the skin pressure at the anterior and posterior aspects of the leg, especially when tested in the sitting position with the knee flexed at 90° and in the supine position with the knee flexed at more than 90° (P < 0.001). Plantar flexion of the ankle joint, such as up‐heel standing and heel‐off walking, significantly increased the skin pressure in the ankle region. Contraction, extension, and relaxation of the calf muscle did not produce large fluctuations in skin pressure when tested in positions with full knee extension.Conclusions  Body postures may be one of the most important factors influencing the skin pressure profiles applied by compression stockings. The anatomic structure of individual legs, the special design of compression stockings, and the physical properties of stocking materials also influence skin pressure variations at different tested locations in different body positions. Appropriate leg postural changes and exercise may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of GCSs.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY}, author={Liu, Rong and Kwok, Yi Lin and Li, Yi and Lao, Terence T. and Zhang, Xin}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={514–523} }
 @inproceedings{unique nanofiber structures for filtration applications_2007, booktitle={MemFAST Meeting}, year={2007}, month={Nov} }
 @article{zhang_pan_2007, title={novel polymer composite with double positive-temperature-coefficient transitions: Effect of filler-matrix interface on the resistivity-temperature behavior}, volume={57}, journal={Polymer International}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y.}, year={2007} }
 @article{geiculescu_rajagopal_creager_desmarteau_zhang_fedkiw_2006, title={Transport properties of solid polymer electrolytes prepared from oligomeric fluorosulfonimide lithium salts dissolved in high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1520-5207"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178325/}, DOI={10.1021/jp062648p}, abstractNote={Transport properties such as ionic conductivity, lithium transference number, and apparent salt diffusion coefficient are reported for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) prepared using several oligomeric bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]imide (fluorosulfonimide) lithium salts dissolved in high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The salt series consists of polyanions in which two discrete fluorosulfonimide anions are linked together by [(perfluorobutylene)disulfonyl]imide linker chains. The restricted diffusion technique was used to measure the apparent salt diffusion coefficients in SPEs, and cationic transference numbers were determined using both potentiostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. A general trend of diminished salt diffusion coefficient with increasing anion size was observed and is opposite to the trend observed in ionic conductivity. This unexpected finding is rationalized in terms of the cumulative effects of charge carrier concentration, anion mobility, ion pairing, host plasticization by the anions, and salt phase segregation on the conductivity.}, number={46}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, author={Geiculescu, Olt E. and Rajagopal, Rama and Creager, Stephen E. and DesMarteau, Darryl D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and Fedkiw, Peter}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={23130–23135} }
 @article{liu_kwok_li_lao_zhang_2006, title={effects of graduated compression stockings (GCSs) on cutaneous surface pressure along the path of main superficial veins of lower limb}, volume={18}, number={6}, journal={Wounds (King of Prussia, Pa. : Online)}, author={Liu, R. and Kwok, Y.L. and Li, Y. and Lao, T.T. and Zhang, X}, year={2006}, pages={150–157} }
 @inbook{zhang_2005, title={A Brief Overview of Fuel Cells}, booktitle={Advances in Fuel Cells}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu}, editor={Zhang, XiangwuEditor}, year={2005}, pages={1–11,} }
 @book{zhang_2005, title={Advances in fuel cells}, ISBN={9788130800264}, publisher={Kerala, India: Research Signpost,}, author={Zhang, X.}, year={2005} }
 @article{zhang_2005, title={Advances in fuel cells}, author={Zhang, X.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{liu_kwok_li_lao_zhang_2005, title={Graduated compression stockings (GCS): Effects of materials mechanical properties and structures on the skin pressure profiles}, ISBN={9789521514296}, booktitle={Intelligent ambience and well-being : Ambience 05, International Scientific Conference 19-20 September, 2005, Tampere, Finland ; proceedings}, publisher={Tampere: Tampere University of Technology}, author={Liu, R. and Kwok, Y. L. and Li, Y. and Lao, T. T. and Zhang, X.}, year={2005}, pages={4} }
 @article{wang_pan_zhang_tan_2005, title={Impedance spectra of carbon black filled high-density polyethylene composites}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178385/}, DOI={10.1002/app.22297}, abstractNote={AbstractCarbon black (CB) filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are prepared by ordinary blending for use as an electrical conductive polymer composite. The composite changes from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the CB content is increased from 10 to 20 wt %, which is called the percolation region. For explanatory purposes, three models, namely, “conduction via nonohmic contacting chain,” “conduction via ohmic contacting chain,” and a mixture of them corresponding to the conductions in the percolation region, high CB loading region, and limiting high CB loading are proposed by the reasonable configurations of aggregate resistance, contact resistance, gap capacitance, and joining aggregates induction. The characters of the impedance spectra based on the three models are theoretically analyzed. In order to find some link between the electrical conductivity and the CB dispersion manner in the composites, the impedance spectra of three samples, HDPE/15 wt % CB (the center of the percolation region), HDPE/25 wt % CB (a typical point in the high CB loading region), and HDPE/19 wt % CB (the limiting high CB loading region), are measured by plotting the impedance modulus and phase angle against the frequency and by drawing the Cole–Cole circle of the imaginary part and real part of the impedance modulus of each sample. The modeled approached spectra and the spectra measured on the three samples are compared and the following results are found: the measured impedance spectrum of HDPE/15 wt % CB (percolation region) is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contacting chain. The character of the measured spectrum of HDPE/25 wt % CB consists of the form of the model of conduction via ohmic contacting chain. The impedance behavior of HDPE/19 wt % CB exhibits a mixture of the two models. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the electrical conducting network in the percolation region of the CB filled HDPE composite is composed of aggregate resistance, nonohmic contact resistance, and gap capacitance, and that of the high CB loading region consists of continuously joined CB aggregate chains, which are possibly wound and assume helix‐like (not straight lines) conductive chains, acting as electrical inductions as the current passes through. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1344–1350, 2005}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wang, YJ and Pan, Y and Zhang, XW and Tan, K}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1344–1350} }
 @article{wang_pan_zhang_tan_2005, title={Impedance spectra of carbon black filled high-density polyethylene composites}, volume={98}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22297}, abstractNote={AbstractCarbon black (CB) filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are prepared by ordinary blending for use as an electrical conductive polymer composite. The composite changes from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the CB content is increased from 10 to 20 wt %, which is called the percolation region. For explanatory purposes, three models, namely, “conduction via nonohmic contacting chain,” “conduction via ohmic contacting chain,” and a mixture of them corresponding to the conductions in the percolation region, high CB loading region, and limiting high CB loading are proposed by the reasonable configurations of aggregate resistance, contact resistance, gap capacitance, and joining aggregates induction. The characters of the impedance spectra based on the three models are theoretically analyzed. In order to find some link between the electrical conductivity and the CB dispersion manner in the composites, the impedance spectra of three samples, HDPE/15 wt % CB (the center of the percolation region), HDPE/25 wt % CB (a typical point in the high CB loading region), and HDPE/19 wt % CB (the limiting high CB loading region), are measured by plotting the impedance modulus and phase angle against the frequency and by drawing the Cole–Cole circle of the imaginary part and real part of the impedance modulus of each sample. The modeled approached spectra and the spectra measured on the three samples are compared and the following results are found: the measured impedance spectrum of HDPE/15 wt % CB (percolation region) is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contacting chain. The character of the measured spectrum of HDPE/25 wt % CB consists of the form of the model of conduction via ohmic contacting chain. The impedance behavior of HDPE/19 wt % CB exhibits a mixture of the two models. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the electrical conducting network in the percolation region of the CB filled HDPE composite is composed of aggregate resistance, nonohmic contact resistance, and gap capacitance, and that of the high CB loading region consists of continuously joined CB aggregate chains, which are possibly wound and assume helix‐like (not straight lines) conductive chains, acting as electrical inductions as the current passes through. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1344–1350, 2005}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Wang, Y. J. and Pan, Y. and Zhang, X. and Tan, K.}, year={2005} }
 @article{zhang_fedkiw_2005, title={Ionic transport and interfacial stability of sulfonate-modified fumed silicas as nanocomposite electrolytes}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178384/}, DOI={10.1149/1.2109661}, abstractNote={Degussa A200 and R711 fumed silica surfaces were modified by attaching lithium sulfonate groups through alkyl or oligomer chains, respectively, in an attempt to form single-ion conducting fumed silicas: A200-lithium propanesulfonate (A200-LiPS), R711-poly(lithium vinylsulfonate) (R711-pLiVS), and R711-poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (R711-pLiAMPS). Conductivity, lithium transference number, and Li/electrolyte interfacial stability measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes prepared by dispersing the conducting fumed silicas into solvents consisting of oligomeric polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or PEGdm/PEO blends. Among the three sulfonate-modified fumed silicas, the highest conductivity was always obtained using R711-pLiAMPS. A maximum room-temperature conductivity of 4.5 X 10 - 6 S cm - 1 was obtained at a surface Li + concentration of 4.2 nm - 2 and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 (15.8 wt % filler). The maximum lithium transference number achieved for the same R711-pLiAMPS-based system is 0.78 at a surface Li + concentration of 4.2 nm - 2 and a Li:O mole ration of 1:20 (48.5 wt % filler). Adding lithium salts to the solvent, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(perfluoroethylenesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ), increases room-temperature conductivity and interfacial stability while maintaining relatively high lithium transference numbers.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, publisher={The Electrochemical Society}, author={Zhang, XW and Fedkiw, PS}, year={2005}, pages={A2413–A2420} }
 @article{zhang_fedkiw_2005, title={Ionic transport and interfacial stability of sulfonate-modified fumed silicas as nanocomposite electrolytes}, volume={152}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2109661}, abstractNote={Degussa A200 and R711 fumed silica surfaces were modified by attaching lithium sulfonate groups through alkyl or oligomer chains, respectively, in an attempt to form single-ion conducting fumed silicas: A200-lithium propanesulfonate (A200-LiPS), R711-poly(lithium vinylsulfonate) (R711-pLiVS), and R711-poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (R711-pLiAMPS). Conductivity, lithium transference number, and Li/electrolyte interfacial stability measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes prepared by dispersing the conducting fumed silicas into solvents consisting of oligomeric polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or PEGdm/PEO blends. Among the three sulfonate-modified fumed silicas, the highest conductivity was always obtained using R711-pLiAMPS. A maximum room-temperature conductivity of was obtained at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 ( filler). The maximum lithium transference number achieved for the same R711-pLiAMPS-based system is 0.78 at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ration of 1:20 ( filler). Adding lithium salts to the solvent, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(perfluoroethylenesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and lithium phosphate , increases room-temperature conductivity and interfacial stability while maintaining relatively high lithium transference numbers.}, journal={Journal of the Electrochemical Society}, author={Zhang, X. W. and Fedkiw, P. S.}, year={2005} }
 @article{wang_zhang_appleby_2005, title={Solvent-free composite PEO-ceramic fiber/mat electrolytes for lithium secondary cells}, volume={152}, ISSN={["0013-4651"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178371/}, DOI={10.1149/1.1828952}, abstractNote={Solvent-free composite poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-ceramic fiber or mat electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability have been developed using high-ionic-conductivity La 0 . 5 5 Li 0 . 3 5 TiO 3 fibers and mats. The conducting ceramic fibers can penetrate the cross section of the electrolyte film to provide long-range lithium-ion transfer channels, thus producing composite electrolytes with high conductivity. In this work, a maximum room-temperature conductivity of 5.0 X 10 - 4 S cm - 1 was achieved for 20 wt % La 0 . 5 5 Li 0 . 3 5 TiO 3 fiber in a PEO-LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 mixture containing 12.5 wt % Li + in PEO. The maximum transference number obtained was 0.7. The ceramic fibers in this composite electrolyte are coated by a very thin PEO layer, which is sufficient to provide good interfacial stability with lithium-ion and lithium-metal anodes.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Wang, CS and Zhang, XW and Appleby, AJ}, year={2005}, pages={A205–A209} }
 @article{wang_zhang_appleby_2005, title={Solvent-free composite peo-ceramic fiber/mat electrolytes for lithium secondary cells}, volume={152}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1828952}, abstractNote={Solvent-free composite poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-ceramic fiber or mat electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability have been developed using high-ionic-conductivity fibers and mats. The conducting ceramic fibers can penetrate the cross section of the electrolyte film to provide long-range lithium-ion transfer channels, thus producing composite electrolytes with high conductivity. In this work, a maximum room-temperature conductivity of S cm−1 was achieved for 20 wt % fiber in a PEO- mixture containing 12.5 wt % in PEO. The maximum transference number obtained was 0.7. The ceramic fibers in this composite electrolyte are coated by a very thin PEO layer, which is sufficient to provide good interfacial stability with lithium-ion and lithium-metal anodes. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.}, journal={Journal of the Electrochemical Society}, author={Wang, C. and Zhang, X. and Appleby, A. J.}, year={2005} }
 @article{li_zhang_khan_fedkiw_2004, title={Attenuation of Aluminum Current Collector Corrosion in LiTFSI Electrolytes Using Fumed Silica Nanoparticles}, volume={7}, ISSN={1099-0062}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1756857}, DOI={10.1149/1.1756857}, abstractNote={Linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the corrosion behavior of an aluminum current collector in contact with polymer solvent containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiTFSI] at room temperature. The electrolytes were liquid poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (Mw 250) + LiTFSI (Li:O ratio of 1:20), and composite gel electrolytes consisting of the baseline liquid electrolyte + 10 wt% fumed silica nanoparticles. Such electrolytes have potential utility in lithium-based rechargeable cells, although LiTFSI is known to affect corrosion of the commonly employed aluminum current collector. The electrochemical data indicate that aluminum corrosion is attenuated in the Presence of fumed silica nanoparticles. Possible mechanisms are discussed.}, number={8}, journal={Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters}, publisher={The Electrochemical Society}, author={Li, Yangxing and Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Khan, Saad A. and Fedkiw, Peter S.}, year={2004}, pages={A228} }
 @inproceedings{composite polymer electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries_2004, booktitle={U.S. DOE BATT Annual Program Review Meeting}, year={2004}, month={May} }
 @article{zhang_patil_wang_appleby_little_cocke_2004, title={Electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery, nano-silicon-based, disordered carbon composite anodes with different microstructures}, volume={125}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178379/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.07.019}, abstractNote={Nano-silicon-based disordered carbon composites prepared by mechanical milling and pyrolysis have been examined as anodes of a lithium ion cell. Electrochemical measurements show that the charge–discharge capacity of disordered carbon composites incorporating both silicon-polyparaphenylene (Si-PPP) and silicon-polyvinyl chloride (Si-PVC) with differing silicon contents, decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Si-PVC-based materials have a better cycle life than those based on Si-PPP at the same silicon content.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, XW and Patil, PK and Wang, CS and Appleby, AJ and Little, FE and Cocke, DL}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={206–213} }
 @article{zhang_patil_wang_appleby_little_cocke_2004, title={Electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery, nano-silicon-based, disordered carbon composite anodes with different microstructures}, volume={125}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.07.019}, abstractNote={Nano-silicon-based disordered carbon composites prepared by mechanical milling and pyrolysis have been examined as anodes of a lithium ion cell. Electrochemical measurements show that the charge–discharge capacity of disordered carbon composites incorporating both silicon-polyparaphenylene (Si-PPP) and silicon-polyvinyl chloride (Si-PVC) with differing silicon contents, decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Si-PVC-based materials have a better cycle life than those based on Si-PPP at the same silicon content.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Zhang, X. and Patil, P. K. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A. J. and Little, F. E. and Cocke, D. L.}, year={2004} }
 @article{zhang_li_khan_fedkiw_2004, title={Inhibition of lithium dendrites by fumed silica-based composite electrolytes}, volume={151}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178366/}, DOI={10.1149/1.1767158}, abstractNote={Lithium dendrite formation is investigated via in situ microscopy in a liquid electrolyte containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 1 lithium bis~trifluoromethylsulfonyl !imide and composite gel-like electrolytes formed by dispersing nanometer-size fumed silica into the liquid. Fumed silicas with either hydrophilic silanol surface groups or hydrophobic octyl surface groups were employed. Dendrites with current density-dependent morphology are formed in liquid electrolyte but addition of fumed silica inhibits their formation, with hydrophilic fumed silica having a more pronounced effect than hydrophobic silica. The dendrite inhibition effect of fumed silica is attributed to its abilities to form a continuous network with elastic-like properties and scavenge impurities from the electrolyte.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, publisher={The Electrochemical Society}, author={Zhang, XW and Li, YX and Khan, SA and Fedkiw, PS}, year={2004}, pages={A1257–A1263} }
 @article{zhang_li_khan_fedkiw_2004, title={Inhibition of lithium dendrites by fumed silica-based composite electrolytes}, volume={151}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1767158}, abstractNote={Lithium dendrite formation is investigated via in situ microscopy in a liquid electrolyte containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and composite gel-like electrolytes formed by dispersing nanometer-size fumed silica into the liquid. Fumed silicas with either hydrophilic silanol surface groups or hydrophobic octyl surface groups were employed. Dendrites with current density-dependent morphology are formed in liquid electrolyte but addition of fumed silica inhibits their formation, with hydrophilic fumed silica having a more pronounced effect than hydrophobic silica. The dendrite inhibition effect of fumed silica is attributed to its abilities to form a continuous network with elastic-like properties and scavenge impurities from the electrolyte. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.}, journal={Journal of the Electrochemical Society}, author={Zhang, X. W. and Li, Y. X. and Khan, S. A. and Fedkiw, P. S.}, year={2004} }
 @article{zhang_khan_fedkiw_2004, title={Nanocomposite electrolytes using single-ion conducting fumed silica}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1944-8775"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178367/}, DOI={10.1149/1.1792267}, abstractNote={Fumed silica surfaces were chemically modified to form single-ion conductors by attaching lithium-exchanged anionic groups (lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, LiAMPS) to surface methacrylates on Degussa R711 fumed silica (abbreviated as R711-pLiAMPS). Surface lithium-ion contents varying from 0.7 to 9.1 nm - 2 were synthesized. Conductivity and transference number measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm) + R711-pLiAMPS. A maximum room-temperature conductivity of 4.5 X 10 - 6 S cm - 1 was obtained at a surface Li + content of 4.2 nm - 2 and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 (15.8 wt % filler) with a Li + transference number of 0.59. A maximum Li + transference number of 0.78 was achieved at a surface Li + surface content of 4.2 nm - 2 and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:20 (48.5 wt % filler) with a conductivity of 2.2 X 10 - 6 S cm - 1 . Adding lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to the samples enhances room-temperature conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude while still maintaining a relatively high Li + transference number.}, number={10}, journal={ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS}, author={Zhang, XW and Khan, SA and Fedkiw, PS}, year={2004}, pages={A361–A364} }
 @article{zhang_khan_fedkiw_2004, title={Nanocomposite electrolytes using single-ion conducting fumed silica}, volume={7}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1792267}, abstractNote={Fumed silica surfaces were chemically modified to form single-ion conductors by attaching lithium-exchanged anionic groups (lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, LiAMPS) to surface methacrylates on Degussa R711 fumed silica (abbreviated as R711-pLiAMPS). Surface lithium-ion contents varying from 0.7 to 9.1 nm−2 were synthesized. Conductivity and transference number measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether A maximum room-temperature conductivity of S cm−1 was obtained at a surface content of 4.2 nm−2 and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 (15.8 wt % filler) with a transference number of 0.59. A maximum transference number of 0.78 was achieved at a surface surface content of 4.2 nm−2 and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:20 (48.5 wt % filler) with a conductivity of S cm−1. Adding lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to the samples enhances room-temperature conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude while still maintaining a relatively high transference number. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.}, journal={Electrochemical and Solid State Letters}, author={Zhang, X. W. and Khan, S. A. and Fedkiw, P. S.}, year={2004} }
 @inbook{zhang_wang_appleby_2004, title={Novel Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes}, booktitle={Recent Research Developments in Solid State Ionics}, publisher={Transworld Research Network}, author={Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Wang, Chunsheng and Appleby, A.John}, editor={Pandalai, S.G.Editor}, year={2004}, pages={95–112,} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_2003, title={Improving low-temperature performance of Li-alloy anodes by optimization of the electrolyte-electrode interface}, volume={114}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178386/}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00544-X}, abstractNote={The −20 °C performance of nano-tin-(lithium emeraldine base), i.e. nano-tin-(lithium hemi-oxidized polyaniline), abbreviated as nano-Sn-PAni, anodes was investigated. The rate-limiting process is slow charge-transfer kinetics, rather than poor electrolyte conductivity or a high solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film resistance. Two ionic conductors, i.e. Li+-doped polyethylene oxide (PEO) and 14Li2O–9Al2O3–38TiO2–39P2O5 ((LiAlTiP)xOy) ceramic powders were incorporated into the anode material to accelerate the interfacial charge-transfer process. The (LiAlTiP)xOy ceramic proved to be much better than doped PEO in improving the low-temperature performance. One nano-Sn-PAni anode material containing 15 wt.% (LiAlTiP)xOy gave particularly high initial charge and discharge capacities (795 and 545 mAh g−1, respectively) at −20 °C.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, XW and Wang, CS and Appleby, AJ}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={121–126} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_2003, title={Improving low-temperature performance of li-alloy anodes by optimization of the electrolyte-electrode interface}, volume={114}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00544-x}, abstractNote={The −20 °C performance of nano-tin-(lithium emeraldine base), i.e. nano-tin-(lithium hemi-oxidized polyaniline), abbreviated as nano-Sn-PAni, anodes was investigated. The rate-limiting process is slow charge-transfer kinetics, rather than poor electrolyte conductivity or a high solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film resistance. Two ionic conductors, i.e. Li+-doped polyethylene oxide (PEO) and 14Li2O–9Al2O3–38TiO2–39P2O5 ((LiAlTiP)xOy) ceramic powders were incorporated into the anode material to accelerate the interfacial charge-transfer process. The (LiAlTiP)xOy ceramic proved to be much better than doped PEO in improving the low-temperature performance. One nano-Sn-PAni anode material containing 15 wt.% (LiAlTiP)xOy gave particularly high initial charge and discharge capacities (795 and 545 mAh g−1, respectively) at −20 °C.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A. J.}, year={2003} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Characteristics of lithium-ion conducting composite polymer-glass secondary cell electrolytes}, volume={112}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00365-8}, abstractNote={A family of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass electrolytes containing the glass composition 14Li2O–9Al2O3–38TiO2–39P2O5 (abbreviated as (LiAlTiP)xOy) with high ionic conductivity, an excellent electrochemical stability range, and high compatibility with lithium insertion anodes is described. An optimized composition has a room temperature conductivity of 1.7×10−4 S cm−1, an Li+ transference number of 0.39, and an electrochemical stability window to +5.1 V versus Li/Li+. It also has good interfacial stability under both open-circuit and lithium metal plating–stripping conditions and provides good shelf-life.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A. J. and Little, F. E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Characteristics of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass secondary cell electrolytes}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178377/}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00365-8}, abstractNote={A family of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass electrolytes containing the glass composition 14Li2O–9Al2O3–38TiO2–39P2O5 (abbreviated as (LiAlTiP)xOy) with high ionic conductivity, an excellent electrochemical stability range, and high compatibility with lithium insertion anodes is described. An optimized composition has a room temperature conductivity of 1.7×10−4 S cm−1, an Li+ transference number of 0.39, and an electrochemical stability window to +5.1 V versus Li/Li+. It also has good interfacial stability under both open-circuit and lithium metal plating–stripping conditions and provides good shelf-life.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, XW and Wang, CS and Appleby, AJ and Little, FE}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={209–215} }
 @article{guo_li_yao_lin_ji_xu_liang_shi_zhang_2002, title={Composite doped emeraldine-polyethylene oxide-bonded lithium-ion nano-tin anodes with electronic-ionic mixed conduction}, volume={150}, ISSN={["0167-2738"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178370/}, DOI={10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00522-2}, abstractNote={Mixed-conducting lithium-ion doped emeraldine polyaniline (PAni)–polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends have been developed to achieve an optimal electronic–ionic conductivity balance in nano-tin composite anodes. Electrochemical evaluation was performed on the anodes with differing electrode preparation procedures, doping methods and PEO contents. Results indicate that both good electronic and ionic conductivity in the binder are required for rapid lithium insertion/extraction and low polarization. This doped PAni–PEO polymer blend is an attractive binder for high capacity composite anodes with low polarization.}, number={3-4}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Guo, Bingkun and Li, Ying and Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guangjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={383–389} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Composite doped emeraldine-polyethylene oxide-bonded lithium-ion nano-tin anodes with electronic-ionic mixed conduction}, volume={150}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(02)00522-2}, abstractNote={Mixed-conducting lithium-ion doped emeraldine polyaniline (PAni)–polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends have been developed to achieve an optimal electronic–ionic conductivity balance in nano-tin composite anodes. Electrochemical evaluation was performed on the anodes with differing electrode preparation procedures, doping methods and PEO contents. Results indicate that both good electronic and ionic conductivity in the binder are required for rapid lithium insertion/extraction and low polarization. This doped PAni–PEO polymer blend is an attractive binder for high capacity composite anodes with low polarization.}, journal={Solid State Ionics}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A.J. and Little, F.E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Improvement in electrochemical properties of nano-tin-polyaniline lithium-ion composite anodes by control of electrode microstructure}, volume={109}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178369/}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00091-5}, abstractNote={Four different types of nano-tin-polyaniline (nano-Sn-PAni) lithium-ion composite anode microstructures have been examined to investigate the relationship between this parameter and anode characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the electrochemical properties of nano-tin composite electrodes can be significantly affected by microstructure variation. To simultaneously obtain high capacity and long cycle life, the active materials should be encased in a polymer matrix to accommodate volume changes during cycling, and porosity is required to offer low interfacial lithium insertion/extraction impedance. The polymer matrix should have a high binding strength to prevent the anode cracking.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, XW and Wang, CS and Appleby, AJ and Little, FE}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={136–141} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Improvement in electrochemical properties of nano-tin-polyaniline lithium-ion composite anodes by control of electrode microstructure}, volume={109}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00091-5}, abstractNote={Four different types of nano-tin-polyaniline (nano-Sn-PAni) lithium-ion composite anode microstructures have been examined to investigate the relationship between this parameter and anode characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the electrochemical properties of nano-tin composite electrodes can be significantly affected by microstructure variation. To simultaneously obtain high capacity and long cycle life, the active materials should be encased in a polymer matrix to accommodate volume changes during cycling, and porosity is required to offer low interfacial lithium insertion/extraction impedance. The polymer matrix should have a high binding strength to prevent the anode cracking.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A. J. and Little, F. E.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Influence of ionic conductive ceramic fillers on the electrochemical performance of nano-tin anodes in lithium-ion batteries}, booktitle={Selected papers presented at the 11th Internaional Meeting on Lithium Batteries, Monterey, CA, USA, 22-28 June 2002}, publisher={Amsterdam : Elsevier}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A.J. and Little, F.E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{zhang_wang_appleby_little_2002, title={Influence of ionic conductive ceramic fillers on the electrochemical performance of nano-tin anodes in lithium-ion batteries}, author={Zhang, X. and Wang, C. and Appleby, A.J. and Little, F.E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{liu_pan_zhang_2002, title={PTC Characteristic of Sn-Pb Alloy-Loaded Polymer Composites}, volume={19}, journal={Acta Mater. Comp. Sinica}, author={Liu, Jing and Pan, Yi and Zhang, Xiang-Wu}, year={2002}, pages={116–119} }
 @article{zheng_zhang_pan_yi_2002, title={Polystyrene/Sn-Pb alloy blends. I. Dynamic rheological behavior}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178382/}, DOI={10.1002/app.11353}, abstractNote={AbstractThe dynamic rheological behavior of polystyrene filled with low‐melting‐point (Tm) Sn–Pb was investigated at temperatures below and above the Tm of the alloy, 183°C. In the whole temperature range of interest, there existed a secondary plateau in the plot of the dynamic storage modulus versus frequency (ω) at low ωs, and the influences of alloy content and temperature on the plateau were related to the matter state (liquid or solid) of the alloy. We believe that the secondary plateau observed below the alloy Tm was due to the network‐type structure formed by the agglomeration of solid filler particles, whereas the plateau above Tm was due to the deformability and relaxation of the liquid alloy droplets. By analyzing the Cole–Cole diagrams, we suggest that the alloy fillers retarded the relaxation processes for polystyrene melt when the temperature was lower than the Tm. However, there existed two separated relaxation processes when the temperature was higher than the Tm, that is, the high‐ω relaxation of the phases and low‐ω relaxation of the droplets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3166–3172, 2002}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Zheng, Q and Zhang, XW and Pan, Y and Yi, XS}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={3166–3172} }
 @article{zheng_zhang_pan_yi_2002, title={Polystyrene/Sn-Pb alloy blends. I: Dynamic rheological behavior}, volume={86}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11353}, abstractNote={AbstractThe dynamic rheological behavior of polystyrene filled with low‐melting‐point (Tm) Sn–Pb was investigated at temperatures below and above the Tm of the alloy, 183°C. In the whole temperature range of interest, there existed a secondary plateau in the plot of the dynamic storage modulus versus frequency (ω) at low ωs, and the influences of alloy content and temperature on the plateau were related to the matter state (liquid or solid) of the alloy. We believe that the secondary plateau observed below the alloy Tm was due to the network‐type structure formed by the agglomeration of solid filler particles, whereas the plateau above Tm was due to the deformability and relaxation of the liquid alloy droplets. By analyzing the Cole–Cole diagrams, we suggest that the alloy fillers retarded the relaxation processes for polystyrene melt when the temperature was lower than the Tm. However, there existed two separated relaxation processes when the temperature was higher than the Tm, that is, the high‐ω relaxation of the phases and low‐ω relaxation of the droplets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3166–3172, 2002}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Zheng, Q. and Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2002} }
 @article{shi_vitchuli_nowak_jiang_caldwell_breidt_bourham_zhang_mccord_2002, title={Polystyrene/Sn-Pb alloy blends. II. Effect of alloy particle surface treatment on dynamic rheological behavior}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178381/}, DOI={10.1002/app.11352}, abstractNote={AbstractThe effect of filler surface treatment on the dynamic rheological behaviors of polystyrene filled with Sn–Pb alloy particles was tested below and above the melting temperature (Tm) of the alloy. The mechanical relaxation relevant to the Tm of the alloy in the composite was diminished by the filler surface pretreatment. In the whole temperature range of interest, there existed a secondary plateau of the storage modulus at low frequencies. The effect of alloy particle surface treatment on the plateau was related to the matter‐state change (from solid to liquid) of the alloy. Above the Tm of the alloy, the surface treatment of the alloy affected the secondary plateau, but below the Tm, it did not. The analyses of Cole–Cole diagrams of the systems suggested that untreated and pretreated alloy fillers all retarded the relaxation processes in the molten state of polystyrene below the Tm of the alloy and that the relaxation process was separated into the high‐frequency relaxation of the phases and the low‐frequency relaxation of the droplets above the Tm. The surface treatments of the alloy filler further enhanced this action. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3173–3179, 2002}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shi, Quan and Vitchuli, Narendiran and Nowak, Joshua and Jiang, Shan and Caldwell, Jane M. and Breidt, Frederick and Bourham, Mohamed and Zhang, Xiangwu and McCord, Marian}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={3173–3179} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2002, title={Polystyrene/Sn-Pb alloy blends. II: Effect of alloy particle surface treatment on dynamic rheological behavior}, volume={86}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11352}, abstractNote={AbstractThe effect of filler surface treatment on the dynamic rheological behaviors of polystyrene filled with Sn–Pb alloy particles was tested below and above the melting temperature (Tm) of the alloy. The mechanical relaxation relevant to the Tm of the alloy in the composite was diminished by the filler surface pretreatment. In the whole temperature range of interest, there existed a secondary plateau of the storage modulus at low frequencies. The effect of alloy particle surface treatment on the plateau was related to the matter‐state change (from solid to liquid) of the alloy. Above the Tm of the alloy, the surface treatment of the alloy affected the secondary plateau, but below the Tm, it did not. The analyses of Cole–Cole diagrams of the systems suggested that untreated and pretreated alloy fillers all retarded the relaxation processes in the molten state of polystyrene below the Tm of the alloy and that the relaxation process was separated into the high‐frequency relaxation of the phases and the low‐frequency relaxation of the droplets above the Tm. The surface treatments of the alloy filler further enhanced this action. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3173–3179, 2002}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Zheng, Q. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2002} }
 @article{wang_zhang_appleby_chen_little_2002, title={Self-discharge of secondary lithium-ion graphite anodes}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178378/}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00359-2}, abstractNote={A new method for measuring self-discharge of lithium-ion graphite anodes is reported. First, the anode lithium content is calculated from the open-circuit potential as a function of open-circuit time (OCP versus OCT) using equilibrium potential–composition isotherms. Then, the self-discharge rate is obtained from the differential of lithium content with respect to time on open circuit. The self-discharge rate measured by this means after the first charge–discharge cycle to 0.0 V versus Li/Li+ is largely controlled by the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, with some influence from stage transformation.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, CS and Zhang, XW and Appleby, AJ and Chen, XL and Little, FE}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={98–104} }
 @article{wang_zhang_appleby_chen_little_2002, title={Self-discharge of secondary lithium-ion graphite anodes}, volume={112}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00359-2}, abstractNote={A new method for measuring self-discharge of lithium-ion graphite anodes is reported. First, the anode lithium content is calculated from the open-circuit potential as a function of open-circuit time (OCP versus OCT) using equilibrium potential–composition isotherms. Then, the self-discharge rate is obtained from the differential of lithium content with respect to time on open circuit. The self-discharge rate measured by this means after the first charge–discharge cycle to 0.0 V versus Li/Li+ is largely controlled by the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, with some influence from stage transformation.}, journal={Journal of Power Sources}, author={Wang, C. and Zhang, X. and Appleby, A. J. and Chen, X. and Little, F. E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2001, title={Piezoresistance of conductor filled insulator composites}, volume={50}, ISSN={["0959-8103"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178387/}, DOI={10.1002/1097-0126(200102)50:2<229::AID-PI612>3.0.CO;2-U}, abstractNote={Several series of electrically conducting composites composed of a conducting filler randomly dispersed into an insulating polymer matrix were prepared. The fillers were the tin–lead alloy powder, copper powder, aluminium powder and carbon black, and the matrices were polyethylene, polystyrene and epoxy resin. The piezoresistance effects of these composites have been investigated under uniaxial presses. It was observed that the piezoresistance depends on the applied stress, filler particle diameter, filler volume fraction, matrix compressive modulus and potential barrier height. Piezoresistance increases with increase of applied stress, filler particle diameter and potential barrier height, but decreases with increases of filler volume fraction and matrix compressive modulus. A model based on the change in interparticle separation under applied stress, is developed. By analysing this model, the piezoresistance of composites is studied and the effects of influencing factors are theoretically predicted quantitatively, showing good agreement with the experimental data. 
 
 
 
© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={2}, journal={POLYMER INTERNATIONAL}, author={Zhang, XW and Pan, Y and Zheng, Q and Yi, XS}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={229–236} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2000, title={A new polymer composite thermistor having double PTC transitions}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178375/}, DOI={10.1002/1097-4628(20001010)78:2<424::AID-APP220>3.0.CO;2-6}, abstractNote={The electrical resistivity of the Sn-Pb alloy filled high density polyethylene composites has been studied as a function of temperature. Two positive temperature coefficient (PTC) transitions, named double PTC of resistance, were found and are thought to be related to the melting points of the polymer matrix and alloy filler, respectively. The two PTC transition temperatures increase with the increase of the alloy volume fraction. With the increasing volume fraction of the alloy, the first PTC intensity decreases, the second PTC intensity increases and then decreases after the volume fraction reaches 38 vol %, and the total PTC intensity decreases. The double PTC effect is reversible and reproducible. The mechanisms for both the first and the second PTC transitions are also proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 424–429, 2000}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, XW and Pan, Y and Zheng, Q and Yi, XS}, year={2000}, month={Oct}, pages={424–429} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_zheng_yi_2000, title={A novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. I. Effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-D}, abstractNote={Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, XW and Pan, Y and Shen, L and Zheng, Q and Yi, XS}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={1044–1050} }
 @article{a novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. i. effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology_2000, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178373/}, DOI={10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.3.CO;2-4}, abstractNote={Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceVolume 77, Issue 5 p. 1044-1050 A novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. I. Effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology Xiangwu Zhang, Corresponding Author Xiangwu Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China===Search for more papers by this authorYi Pan, Yi Pan Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLie Shen, Lie Shen Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zheng, Qiang Zheng Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaosu Yi, Xiaosu Yi National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, P.O. Box 81–3, Beijing 100095, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Xiangwu Zhang, Corresponding Author Xiangwu Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China===Search for more papers by this authorYi Pan, Yi Pan Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLie Shen, Lie Shen Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zheng, Qiang Zheng Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaosu Yi, Xiaosu Yi National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, P.O. Box 81–3, Beijing 100095, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 June 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-DCitations: 16Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000 Citing Literature Volume77, Issue51 August 2000Pages 1044-1050 RelatedInformation}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, year={2000} }
 @article{yi_zhang_shen_pan_2000, title={Electrical properties of polymer/low-melting-point alloy binary systems}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0360-2559"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178380/}, DOI={10.1081/PPT-100101407}, abstractNote={In this preliminary experiment, Sn-Pb-alloy-powder-filled polystyrene composites were prepared and the influence of processing conditions on the electrical behavior was studied in terms of percolation transition, temperature-resistivity transition, and the heating-cooling reversibility.}, number={5}, journal={POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Yi, XS and Zhang, XW and Shen, L and Pan, Y}, year={2000}, pages={829–833} }
 @article{yi_zhang_l._pan_2000, title={Electrical properties of polymer/low-melting-point alloy binary systems}, volume={39}, journal={Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering}, author={Yi, S. X. and Zhang, X. Shen and L. and Pan, Y.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_yi_2000, title={Novel low melting point alloy-loaded polymer composite. II. Resistivity-temperature behavior}, volume={77}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178372/}, DOI={10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000725)77:4<756::aid-app7>3.0.co;2-y}, abstractNote={The effect of temperature on the resistivity of Sn–Pb alloy-loaded PS composites was studied. The composites have distinctive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects with high PTC intensity, abrupt PTC transition, etc. According to SEM and EDAX analyses, the morphology of the alloy particles in the composites remained unchanged as the temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, while the alloy dispersion changed. The viscosity of the composites decreased sharply when the alloy melted. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 756–763, 2000}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Pan, Yi and Shen, Lie and Yi, Xiaosu}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={756–763} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_yi_2000, title={Novel low-melting-point alloy loaded polymer composite. II: Resistivity-temperature behavior}, volume={77}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000725)77:4%3C756::aid-app7%3E3.0.co;2-y}, abstractNote={The effect of temperature on the resistivity of Sn–Pb alloy-loaded PS composites was studied. The composites have distinctive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects with high PTC intensity, abrupt PTC transition, etc. According to SEM and EDAX analyses, the morphology of the alloy particles in the composites remained unchanged as the temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, while the alloy dispersion changed. The viscosity of the composites decreased sharply when the alloy melted. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 756–763, 2000}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Shen, L. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_yi_2000, title={Startup State Properties and Equivalent Circuit Model of Polyethylene/Carbon Black Conductive Composite}, volume={14}, journal={Chinese J. Mater. Res}, author={Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Pan, Yi and Shen, Lie and Yi, Xiao-Su}, year={2000}, pages={23–26} }
 @article{zhang_pan_cheng_yi_2000, title={The influence of low-melting-point alloy on the rheological properties of a polystyrene melt}, volume={35}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178374/}, DOI={10.1023/A:1004845426786}, journal={Journal of Materials Science}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Pan, Y. and Cheng, J. F. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2000}, pages={4573–4581} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2000, title={Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor filled polymer composites}, volume={38}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0488(20001101)38:21%3C2739::aid-polb40%3E3.0.co;2-o}, abstractNote={The piezoresistance and its time dependence of conductor-filled polymer composites have been investigated. To reveal the origin of the time dependence of piezoresistance, the creep of the polymer matrix is also studied. Based on the interparticle separation change under the applied stress, a model has been developed to predict the piezoresistance and its time dependence. By analyzing this model, the influences of applied stress, filler particle diameter, filler volume fraction, matrix compressive modulus, potential barrier height, and the matrix creep behavior on the piezoresistance and its time dependence are interpreted quantitatively. These predicted results are compared with the experimental data obtained on the polymer composites filled with conductor fillers, and good agreements were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2739–2749, 2000}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Zheng, Q. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2000, title={Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor-filled polymer composites}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0887-6266"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178376/}, DOI={10.1002/1099-0488(20001101)38:21<2739::AID-POLB40>3.0.CO;2-O}, abstractNote={The piezoresistance and its time dependence of conductor-filled polymer composites have been investigated. To reveal the origin of the time dependence of piezoresistance, the creep of the polymer matrix is also studied. Based on the interparticle separation change under the applied stress, a model has been developed to predict the piezoresistance and its time dependence. By analyzing this model, the influences of applied stress, filler particle diameter, filler volume fraction, matrix compressive modulus, potential barrier height, and the matrix creep behavior on the piezoresistance and its time dependence are interpreted quantitatively. These predicted results are compared with the experimental data obtained on the polymer composites filled with conductor fillers, and good agreements were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2739–2749, 2000}, number={21}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, XW and Pan, Y and Zheng, Q and Yi, XS}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={2739–2749} }
 @article{zhang_pan_cheng_yi_2000, title={influence of low-melting-point alloy on the rheological properties of polymer melts}, volume={35}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004845426786}, journal={Journal of Materials Science}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Cheng, J. F. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_pan_zheng_yi_2000, title={new polymer composite thermistor having double PTC transition}, volume={78}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20001010)78:2%3C424::aid-app220%3E3.0.co;2-6}, abstractNote={The electrical resistivity of the Sn-Pb alloy filled high density polyethylene composites has been studied as a function of temperature. Two positive temperature coefficient (PTC) transitions, named double PTC of resistance, were found and are thought to be related to the melting points of the polymer matrix and alloy filler, respectively. The two PTC transition temperatures increase with the increase of the alloy volume fraction. With the increasing volume fraction of the alloy, the first PTC intensity decreases, the second PTC intensity increases and then decreases after the volume fraction reaches 38 vol %, and the total PTC intensity decreases. The double PTC effect is reversible and reproducible. The mechanisms for both the first and the second PTC transitions are also proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 424–429, 2000}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Zheng, Q. and Yi, S. X.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_zheng_yi_2000, title={novel low-melting-point alloy loaded polymer composite. I: Effect of processing temperature on the electrical property and morphology}, volume={77}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5%3C1044::aid-app11%3E3.0.co;2-d}, abstractNote={Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Zhang, X. and Pan, Y. and Shen, L. and Zheng, Q. and Yi, X. S.}, year={2000} }
 @article{zhang_shen_yi_1999, title={Mechanical Alloying of Polymers”}, volume={13}, journal={Mater. Rev}, author={Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Shen, Lie and Yi, Xiao-Su}, year={1999}, pages={46–47,} }
 @article{yi_zhang_shen_1999, title={Study on the Preparation and Electrical Property of Polymer Matrix Low-Melting-Point Alloy Composite}, volume={5}, journal={Academic Periodical Abstracts of China}, author={Yi, Xiao-Su and Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Shen, Lie}, year={1999}, pages={107–109} }
 @article{zhang_pan_shen_yi_1998, title={Power Properties of Polyethylene/Carbon Black Conductive Composite”}, volume={12}, journal={Mater. Eng}, author={Zhang, Xiang-Wu and Pan, Yi and Shen, Lie and Yi, Xiao-Su}, year={1998}, pages={25–28,} }
 @article{ji_saquing_khan_zhang_2008, title={Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers}, volume={19}, DOI={085605
10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085605}, number={8}, journal={Nanotechnology}, author={Ji, Liwen and Saquing, Carl and Khan, Saad A. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008} }