@article{feng_deng_lau_cauffman_johnson_cunningham_kaber_2023, title={Age differences in driver visual behavior and vehicle control when driving with in-vehicle and on-road deliveries of service logo signs}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1872-8219"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103386}, abstractNote={With the advances in vehicle technologies, more information is communicated in real-time to the driver via an in-vehicle interface. In-vehicle messaging may deliver safety-related information such as warnings as well as non-safety-related information such as an upcoming lodging place. While much research has focused on the design of messaging safety-related information, little is known about the best practice in in-vehicle messaging of non-safety-related information. This study investigated the effects of information source and load on driver signage logo identification, glance behavior, and vehicle control among younger, middle-aged and older drivers. The logos were presented on: (1) an on-road sign panel, (2) an in-vehicle display, or (3) a combination of both, with half of the drives showing logo only, and the other half of the drives showing logo plus additional text. The general findings support the use of in-vehicle displays, especially when it is presented simultaneously with on-road signs. In-vehicle displays did not lead to a higher workload or more visual distraction, and simultaneous presentations resulted in slightly better speed control. The findings also showed minimal negative impacts on logo identification from increased information load. Older drivers performed less well in signage identification and vehicle control, and they made longer glances to logo information suggesting design considerations should be made to accommodate specific driver characteristics.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS}, author={Feng, Jing and Deng, Yulin and Lau, Mei Y. and Cauffman, Stephen J. and Johnson, Ebony and Cunningham, Christopher and Kaber, David B.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{cauffman_lau_deng_cunningham_kaber_feng_2022, title={Research and Design Considerations for Presentation of Non-Safety Related Information via In-Vehicle Displays during Automated Driving}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-3417"]}, DOI={10.3390/app122010538}, abstractNote={As automated vehicles become more prevalent on roadways, it is necessary to study driver behaviors in interacting with such systems. With higher levels of vehicle automation, drivers may become less engaged with the roadway environment. As a result, how to effectively bring non-safety related information (e.g., guide and service sign content) to a driver’s attention is an open research question. In this review, we summarize current literature on three domains of research, including: (1) the design and effectiveness of traditional road signage, (2) human factors considerations in vehicle automation design, and (3) current design guidelines for in-vehicle information presentation. Based on the review, including empirical studies, we identify knowledge relevant to communicating road signage information in automated vehicles. We propose a framework highlighting various factors that could determine the effectiveness of in-vehicle messaging. The framework is intended to motivate future research on development of in-vehicle interfaces for highly automated driving.}, number={20}, journal={APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}, author={Cauffman, Stephen J. and Lau, Mei and Deng, Yulin and Cunningham, Christopher and Kaber, David B. and Feng, Jing}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{deng_shirley_zhang_kim_kaber_2020, title={Influence of Dynamic Automation Function Allocations on Operator Situation Awareness and Workload in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control}, volume={959}, ISBN={["978-3-030-20039-8"]}, ISSN={["2194-5365"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-20040-4_31}, abstractNote={The functional capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have dramatically expanded, placing substantial attentional and information processing demands on UAV operators. This study utilized a high-fidelity UAV flight simulation to explore the potential for DFAs in UAV control to reduce operator workload and support overall situation awareness. Three levels of UAV automation (LoAs) were compared, including DFA and static high and low level of automation. This research extended a preliminary investigation by Zhang et al. (2018). The present research addressed the limitations of the preliminary study by increasing the sample size and comparing effects of LoAs during ‘easy to hard’ and ‘hard to easy’ task difficulty transitions. Results of this study demonstrated the presence of “out-of-the-loop performance” issues under high LoA. Results also showed some support for use of DFAs to address out-of-the-loop problems in UAV operations. Findings of this study provide some guidance for design of DFAs in UAV control.}, journal={ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS AND SYSTEMS INTERACTION}, author={Deng, Yulin and Shirley, James and Zhang, Wenjuan and Kim, Na Young and Kaber, David}, year={2020}, pages={337–348} }
 @article{deng_shirley_rose_geary_feltner_chen_hoyle_dutt_kaber_2019, title={A usability assessment of riding lawn-mowing equipment with varying levels of design standards compliance}, volume={78}, ISBN={1872-9126}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.02.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.apergo.2019.02.003}, abstractNote={The use of riding lawn equipment (RLE) is related to a significant number of accidents every year. To provide basis for product design and enhance user performance and safety, a usability and performance assessment of modern riding lawn-mowing tractor designs and features was conducted in a real-world test environment. Five current commercially available RLEs were tested with response measures including task performance time and accuracy, physiological workload, system usability scores (SUS), and subjective rankings of RLE models. This data was used to identify sensitivity of responses to variations in RLE design features and functionality. The data was also used to assess the validity of new tractor design standard conformance tool, the RLEval methodology. This tool made comprehensive evaluation of RLE models compliance with over 70 specific design standards and was applied by human factors experts. Experiment results revealed sensitivity of all response measures to design differences among the five RLE models, except the objective workload measures. Response measures including task performance, SUSs and subjective rankings showed partial agreement with the RLEval scores. In general, the study results demonstrated a comprehensive experimental methodology for usability and performance evaluations of RLEs as well as merit of using the RLEval as preliminary method to compare design features. Some aspects of the usability experimentation and the RLEval method appear to be complementary.}, journal={APPLIED ERGONOMICS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Deng, Yulin and Shirley, James and Rose, Tyler and Geary, Laura and Feltner, David and Chen, Karen and Hoyle, Jeffery and Dutt, Mohini and Kaber, David B.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={76–85} }
 @article{white_kaber_deng_xu_2019, title={Design Process for an Ergonomic Solution to the Police Duty Belt}, volume={789}, ISBN={["978-3-319-94483-8"]}, ISSN={["2194-5365"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-94484-5_1}, abstractNote={Police officers carry various devices on their duty belts for use during patrols. The weight of a loaded belt can range from ~25–35 lbs. Such loading can lead to overexertion and associated injuries (e.g., low back pain) as well as reduced officer performance leading to injuries from violence. In addition, the distribution of the load can compromise officer balance, leading to slips and falls. The objective of this research was to identify design issues with current duty belts and to develop a design framework for police department use in creating custom ergonomic configurations of equipment on a belt. The study was divided into three phases: a literature review, a field study, and design of the ergonomic belt configuration. The resulting design framework for duty belt equipment configuration may serve as a design guideline for police departments and may reduce the incidence of officer musculoskeletal injuries.}, journal={ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS & HUMAN FACTORS}, author={White, Melissa Mae and Kaber, David B. and Deng, Yulin and Xu, Xu}, year={2019}, pages={3–15} }
 @article{zahabi_machado_lau_deng_pankok_hummer_rasdorf_kaber_2017, title={Driver performance and attention allocation in use of logo signs on freeway exit ramps}, volume={65}, ISSN={0003-6870}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.APERGO.2017.06.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.apergo.2017.06.001}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of driver age, ramp signage configuration, including number of panels, logo format and sign familiarity, on driver performance and attention allocation when exiting freeways. Sixty drivers participated in a simulator study and analysis of variance models were used to assess response effects of the controlled manipulations. Results revealed elderly drivers to demonstrate worse performance and conservative control strategies as compared to middle-aged and young drivers. Elderly drivers also exhibited lower off-road fixation frequency and shorter off-road glance durations compared to middle-aged and young drivers. In general, drivers adopted a more conservative strategy when exposed to nine-panel signs as compared to six-panel signs and were more accurate in target detection when searching six-panels vs. nine and with familiar vs. unfamiliar logos. These findings provide an applicable guide for agency design of freeway ramp signage accounting for driver demographics.}, journal={Applied Ergonomics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zahabi, Maryam and Machado, Patricia and Lau, Mei Ying and Deng, Yulin and Pankok, Carl, Jr. and Hummer, Joseph and Rasdorf, William and Kaber, David B.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={70–80} }