@article{lu_fu_zhang_li_chen_zhu_yanilmaz_dirican_zhang_2015, title={Centrifugal spinning: A novel approach to fabricate porous carbon fibers as binder-free electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors}, volume={273}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.130}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.130}, abstractNote={Abstract Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), among various carbonaceous candidates for electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes, draw extensive attention because their one-dimensional architecture offers both shortened electron pathways and high ion-accessible sites. Creating porous structures on CNFs yields larger surface area and enhanced capacitive performance. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) were synthesized via centrifugal spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solutions combined with thermal treatment and were used as binder-free EDLC electrodes. Three precursor fibers with PAN/PMMA weight ratios of 9/1, 7/3 and 5/5 were prepared and carbonized at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The highest specific capacitance obtained was 144 F g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 with a rate capability of 74% from 0.1 to 2 A g −1 by PCNFs prepared with PAN/PMMA weight ratio of 7/3 at 900 °C. These PCNFs also showed stable cycling performance. The present work demonstrates that PCNFs are promising EDLC electrode candidate and centrifugal spinning offers a simple, cost-effective strategy to produce PCNFs.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lu, Yao and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Shu and Li, Ying and Chen, Chen and Zhu, Jiadeng and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Dirican, Mahmut and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={502–510} }
 @article{yanilmaz_lu_li_zhang_2015, title={SiO2/polyacrylonitrile membranes via centrifugal spinning as a separator for Li-ion batteries}, volume={273}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.015}, abstractNote={Centrifugal spinning is a fast, cost-effective and safe alternative to the electrospinning technique, which is commonly used for making fiber-based separator membranes. In this work, SiO2/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes were produced by using centrifugal spinning and they were characterized by using different electrochemical techniques for use as separators in Li-ion batteries. SiO2/PAN membranes exhibited good wettability and high ionic conductivity due to their highly porous fibrous structure. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membranes, SiO2/PAN membranes had larger liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO2/PAN membrane separators were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells and these cells delivered high capacities and exhibited good cycling performance at room temperature. In addition, cells using SiO2/PAN membranes showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using microporous PP membrane.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lu, Yao and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={1114–1119} }
 @article{li_xu_yao_xue_yanilmaz_lee_zhang_2014, title={Coaxial electrospun Si/C-C core-shell composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={258}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754002/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2014.02.003}, abstractNote={Si/C–C core–shell nanofiber structure was designed by dual nozzle coaxial electrospinning and subsequent carbonization. This core–shell nanofiber structure has Si/C composite as the core and carbon as the shell. Used as an anode in lithium-ion batteries, the carbon shell can help buffer the large volume expansion/contraction of the Si/C core during charge/discharge and restrain the capacity fading caused by the mechanical failure of the active material. Results showed that after 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of Si/C–C core–shell composite nanofibers was 63% higher than that of Si/C composite nanofibers and the capacity retention increased from 48.6 to 72.4%. It is, therefore, demonstrated that Si/C–C core–shell composite nanofibers are promising anode material with large reversible capacity and good cycling stability.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Xue, Leigang and Yanilmaz, Meltem and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={67–73} }
 @article{li_hu_lu_zhang_xu_fu_li_chen_zhou_xia_et al._2014, title={One-dimensional SiOC/C composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754003/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.044}, abstractNote={Abstract One-dimensional silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/C composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment. Introducing carbon matrix to SiOC anode material is an efficient way to accommodate the large volume changes during cycling and also increase the amount of free carbon, which is beneficial for improving the reversible capacity. These SiOC/C composite nanofibers form free-standing conductive membranes that can be used directly as battery electrodes without adding carbon black or polymer binder. Results show that after 80 cycles, the discharge capacity of SiOC/C composite nanofiber anodes is 70% higher than that of Si/C nanofiber anodes and more than 1.5 times larger than those of commercial anodes made from graphite. It is, therefore, demonstrated that one-dimensional SiOC/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities and good cycling stability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Ying and Hu, Yi and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Xu, Guanjie and Fu, Kun and Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Zhou, Lan and Xia, Xin and et al.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={33–38} }
 @article{lu_zhang_li_xue_xu_zhang_2014, title={Preparation and characterization of carbon-coated NaVPO4F as cathode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries}, volume={247}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178355/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.018}, abstractNote={Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NaVPO4F), a material candidate for sodium-ion battery cathodes, was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction approach. Different amounts of carbon coating were introduced in NaVPO4F to improve its electrochemical performance. The structure and morphology of the resultant cathode materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge curve, cycling performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest capacity achieved for this material was 97.8 mAh g−1 and the best capacity retention was 89% at the 20th cycle. Results demonstrated that appropriate amount of carbon coating could effectively improve the electrochemical performance of NaVPO4F, and carbon-coated NaVPO4F could offer promising future for sodium-ion battery cathode materials.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Li, Ying and Xue, Leigang and Xu, Guanjie and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={770–777} }
 @article{li_sun_xu_lu_zhang_xue_jur_zhang_2014, title={Tuning electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing atomic layer deposition alumina coating}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754001/}, DOI={10.1039/c4ta01562b}, abstractNote={A free-standing, conductive and three-dimensional network of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-coated Si/C composite nanofibers is fabricated by a single-nozzle electrospinning and atomic layer deposition. The as-obtained Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-coated Si/C composite nanofibers exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for applications as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.}, number={29}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Li, Ying and Sun, Yujie and Xu, Guanjie and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Xue, Leigang and Jur, Jesse S. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, pages={11417–11425} }
 @article{xue_xu_li_li_fu_shi_zhang_2013, title={Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticles Dispersed in Carbon Nanotube Networks As Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/1792840/}, DOI={10.1021/am3027597}, abstractNote={Si has the highest theoretical capacity among all known anode materials, but it suffers from the dramatic volume change upon repeated lithiation and delithiation processes. To overcome the severe volume changes, Si nanoparticles were first coated with a polymer-driven carbon layer, and then dispersed in a CNT network. In this unique structure, the carbon layer can improve electric conductivity and buffer the severe volume change, whereas the tangled CNT network is expected to provide additional mechanical strength to maintain the integrity of electrodes, stabilize the electric conductive network for active Si, and eventually lead to better cycling performance. Electrochemical test result indicates the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles dispersed in CNT networks show capacity retention of 70% after 40 cycles, which is much better than the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles without CNTs.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Xue, Leigang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Fu, Kun and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={21–25} }
 @inproceedings{li_fu_xue_toprakci_li_zhang_xu_lu_zhang_2013, title={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers for use as anode material in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={1140}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178343/}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2013-1140.ch003}, abstractNote={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods using 10 - 30 nm and 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles, respectively, and their potential use as the anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed large reversible capacities and good cycleability with charge capacities of 677 and 545 mAh g-1 at the second and twentieth cycles, respectively. In contrast, the composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 10 - 30 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed fast capacity fading during cycling due to severe nanoparticle aggregation. Results suggested that the good electrochemical performance of Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles was ascribed to the combination of the properties of both Co3O4 nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon nanofiber matrix (long cycle life), and therefore this electrode material could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, booktitle={Nanotechnology for sustainable energy}, author={Li, S. L. and Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Toprakci, O. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Xu, G. J. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={55–66} }
 @article{fu_xue_yildiz_li_lee_li_xu_zhou_bradford_zhang_et al._2013, title={Effect of CVD carbon coatings on Si@CNF composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178363/}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.019}, abstractNote={Abstract Lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes with high capacity and binder free structure were synthesized from carbon nanofibers that contained silicon nanoparticles (Si@CNF). The particle filled nonwoven structures were produced by an electrospinning and subsequent carbonization process. Pristine Si@CNF composites had Si nanoparticles exposed on the fiber surface. As produced, the Si nanoparticles could become detached from the nanofiber surface during cycling, causing severe structural damage and capacity loss. In order to prevent Si from detaching from the nanofiber surface, the Si@CNF composite was then treated with a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to make Si completely coated with a carbon matrix. The carbon coated Si@CNF (Si@CNF-C) composites were synthesized with different Si contents (10, 30, and 50 wt%) for different CVD treatment times (30, 60, and 90 min). It was found that the initial coulombic efficiency of Si@CNF-C could be increased via the amorphous carbon by stabilizing solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation on surface. The capacity and cyclic stability were improved by the CVD carbon coating, especially for the 30 wt% Si@CNF-C composite with 90 min CVD coating, a CVD amorphous carbon coating of less than 1% by weight on Si@CNF composites contributed to more than 200% improvement in cycling performance. Results indicate that the CVD carbon coating is an effective approach to improve the electrochemical properties of Si@CNF composites making this a potential route to obtain high-energy density anode materials for LIBs.}, number={5}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, author={Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Yildiz, O. and Li, S. L. and Lee, H. and Li, Y. and Xu, G. J. and Zhou, L. and Bradford, P. D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={976–986} }
 @article{li_xu_xue_zhang_yao_lu_toprakci_zhang_2013, title={Enhanced Rate Capability by Employing Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun Si/C Composite Nanofibers As Binder-Free Anodes}, volume={160}, ISSN={["1945-7111"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674380/}, DOI={10.1149/2.031304jes}, abstractNote={Si/C and Si/carbon nanotube (CNT)/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization. The carbon nanofiber matrix can accommodate the volume change of Si nanoparticles and provide continuous pathways for efficient charge transport along the fiber axis. CNTs can improve the electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance of the composite nanofiber anodes. Results showed that many different types of connections between CNTs, Si nanoparticles and carbon matrix were formed. At a high current density of 300 mA g−1, after 30 cycles, the capacity of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was 44.3% higher than the anode without CNT and the C-rate performance of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was also superior to that of Si/C anode. It is, therefore, demonstrated that Si/CNT/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities, good cycling stability, and good rate capability.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Yao, Yingfang and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={A528–A534} }
 @article{zhang_gao_li_zhang_hardin_2013, title={Graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery}, volume={229}, ISSN={["1385-8947"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178361/}, DOI={10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.025}, abstractNote={Abstract In this work, cotton fibers and pyrene-dispersed graphene sheets were used to produce graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery. The graphene sheets were wrapped around the cotton fibers by simply dipping the fabric in a graphene/pyrene-derivative suspension. And then the cotton/graphene textile was annealed at 700 °C in a quartz tube furnace under Ar flow conditions. During the annealing process, the gaps between separated graphene sheets were “soldered” by “glue” molecules (aromatic molecular surfactant) to form graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon. Because of the unique electric properties of the graphene “skin” on the pyrogenic carbon, the flexible graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon showed relatively large storage capacity to lithium. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments also showed that the graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon electrode provided a reversible discharge capacity as high as 288 mA h g−1 even after 50 cycles and thus can be used an anode material in lithium battery.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, author={Zhang, Ming and Gao, Bin and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu and Hardin, Ian R.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={399–403} }
 @article{li_xu_yao_xue_zhang_lu_toprakci_zhang_2013, title={Improvement of cyclability of silicon-containing carbon nanofiber anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing succinic anhydride as an electrolyte additive}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1433-0768"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674383/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-013-2005-7}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={1393–1399} }
 @article{fu_xue_yildiz_li_lee_li_xu_zhou_bradford_zhang_et al._2013, title={Si/C composite nanofibers with stable electric conductive network for use as durable lithium-ion battery anode}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674385/}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.11.001}, abstractNote={High-energy anode materials have attracted significant attention because of their potential applications in large-scale energy storage devices. However, they often suffer from rapid capacity fading due to the pulverization of the electrode and the breakdown of electric conductive network caused by the large volume changes of active material upon repeated lithium insertion and extraction. In this work, a new electrode composed of Si/C composite nanofibers was prepared, aiming at the improvement of cycling performance of Si anodes through the establishment of a stable electric conductive network for Si during cycling. By electrospinning, a three-dimensional network of carbon nanofibers, which possesses good elasticity to maintain the structure integrity and stable electric conductive network, is formed; by carbon coating, all Si nanoparticles are tightly bonded with carbon fibers to form a stable electric conductive pathway for electrode reactions. The nanofiber structure and the carbon coating on Si, combined with the binder, lead to a stable network structure that can accommodate the huge volume change of Si during the repeated volume expansion and contraction, thus resulting in excellent cycling performance.}, number={3}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fu, Kun and Xue, Leigang and Yildiz, Ozkan and Li, Shuli and Lee, Hun and Li, Ying and Xu, Guanjie and Zhou, Lan and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={361–367} }
 @article{li_guo_ji_lin_xu_liang_zhang_toprakci_hu_alcoutlabi_et al._2013, title={Structure control and performance improvement of carbon nanofibers containing a dispersion of silicon nanoparticles for energy storage}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674384/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.027}, abstractNote={Si/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the spinning medium and carbon precursor. The nanofibers were used as lithium-ion battery anodes to combine the advantages of carbon (long cycle life) and silicon (high storage capacity) materials. The effects of Si particle size, Si content, and carbonization temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance of the anodes were investigated. Results show that anodes made from a 15 wt.% Si/PAN precursor with a Si particle size of 30–50 nm and carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibit the best performance in terms of high capacity and stable cycling behavior. It is demonstrated that with careful structure control, Si/C composite nanofiber anodes are a promising material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, author={Li, Ying and Guo, Bingkun and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Xu, Guanjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Hu, Yi and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={185–194} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_li_ji_xue_lee_zhang_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={241}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674386/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.155}, abstractNote={Various xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) cathode materials were prepared by the one-step sol–gel route. The structure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was evaluated in terms of capacity, cycling performance and rate capability. Although the morphology and structure were found to be affected by the Li2MnO3 content, all composites showed an α-NaFeO2 structure with R3m space group. Electrochemical results showed that cells using 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites had good performance, in terms of large reversible capacity, prolonged cycling stability, and excellent rate capability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Li, Ying and Ji, Liwen and Xue, Leigang and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Shu and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={522–528} }
 @article{zhang_ji_lin_li_shao_fan_2012, title={Designing Energy-Storage Devices from Textile Materials}, volume={441}, ISBN={["978-3-03785-343-6"]}, ISSN={["1022-6680"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540103/}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.231}, abstractNote={Research and development in textiles have gone beyond the conventional applications as clothing and furnishing materials; for example, the convergence of textiles, nanotechnologies, and energy science opens up the opportunity to take on one of the major challenges in the 21st century energy. This presentation addresses the development of high-energy lithium-ion batteries using electrospun nanofibers.}, journal={ECO-DYEING, FINISHING AND GREEN CHEMISTRY}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Shao, JH and Fan, QG}, year={2012}, pages={231–234} }
 @article{li_lin_xu_yao_zhang_toprakci_alcoutlabi_zhang_2012, title={Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Nanofibers Containing an Enhanced Dispersion of Silicon Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Employing Surfactants}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2162-8734"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674390/}, DOI={10.1149/2.002202eel}, number={2}, journal={ECS ELECTROCHEMISTRY LETTERS}, author={Li, Ying and Lin, Zhan and Xu, Guanjie and Yao, Yingfang and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={A31–A33} }
 @article{liang_cheng_zhao_zhang_sun_zhou_qiu_zhang_2012, title={High-capacity Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofiber cathodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={213}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.04.019}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.011}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 has been considered as a promising cathode material with an extremely high theoretically capacity of 332 mAh g−1. However, due to its low intrinsic conductivity and poor structural stability, only about half of the theoretical capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity decays rapidly during cycling. To realize the high capacity and improve the cycling performance, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by the combination of iron doping and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electronic microscope were applied to characterize the Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofibers. It was found that Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4 nanoparticles were embedded into continuous carbon nanofiber matrices, which formed free-standing porous mats that could be used as binder-free cathodes. The iron doping improved the conductivity and purity of the active material, and the carbon nanofiber matrix facilitated ion transfer and charge diffusion. As a result, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofiber cathodes showed promising improvement on reversible capacity and cycling performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Cheng, Sichen and Zhao, Jianmeng and Zhang, Changhuan and Sun, Shiyuan and Zhou, Nanting and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{gu_li_li_hu_zhang_xu_thevuthasan_baer_zhang_liu_et al._2012, title={In Situ TEM Study of Lithiation Behavior of Silicon Nanoparticles Attached to and Embedded in a Carbon Matrix}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-086X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178349/}, DOI={10.1021/nn303312m}, abstractNote={Rational design of silicon and carbon nanocomposite with a special topological feature has been demonstrated to be a feasible way for mitigating the capacity fading associated with the large volume change of silicon anode in lithium ion batteries. Although the lithiation behavior of silicon and carbon as individual components has been well understood, lithium ion transport behavior across a network of silicon and carbon is still lacking. In this paper, we probe the lithiation behavior of silicon nanoparticles attached to and embedded in a carbon nanofiber using in situ TEM and continuum mechanical calculation. We found that aggregated silicon nanoparticles show contact flattening upon initial lithiation, which is characteristically analogous to the classic sintering of powder particles by a neck-growth mechanism. As compared with the surface-attached silicon particles, particles embedded in the carbon matrix show delayed lithiation. Depending on the strength of the carbon matrix, lithiation of the embedded silicon nanoparticles can lead to the fracture of the carbon fiber. These observations provide insights on lithium ion transport in the network-structured composite of silicon and carbon and ultimately provide fundamental guidance for mitigating the failure of batteries due to the large volume change of silicon anodes.}, number={9}, journal={ACS NANO}, author={Gu, Meng and Li, Ying and Li, Xiaolin and Hu, Shenyang and Zhang, Xiangwu and Xu, Wu and Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai and Baer, Donald R. and Zhang, Ji-Guang and Liu, Jun and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={8439–8447} }
 @article{zhang_lu_xu_li_zhang_2012, title={LiF/Fe/C nanofibres as a high-capacity cathode material for Li-ion batteries}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1361-6463"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178351/}, DOI={10.1088/0022-3727/45/39/395301}, abstractNote={Abstract LiF/Fe/C composite nanofibres with different morphologies were prepared by electrospinning and heat treatment of LiF/ferrocene/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the structural variations of these composite nanofibres. It was found that Fe nanoparticles and carbon nanofibres were obtained from the thermal decomposition of ferrocene and PAN precursors, respectively. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using the prepared composite nanofibres as the cathode material in lithium half-cells. With uniformly embedded active particles in the carbon nanofibre matrix, the resultant cathode materials presented highly reversible discharge capacities of over 472 mA h g −1 .}, number={39}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS}, author={Zhang, Shu and Lu, Yao and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Ying and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Oct} }
 @article{ji_toprakci_alcoutlabi_yao_li_zhang_guo_lin_zhang_2012, title={alpha-Fe2O3 Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers as Stable and High-Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674393/}, DOI={10.1021/am300333s}, abstractNote={α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofiber composites were fabricated via electrospinning FeCl3·6H2O salt-polyacrylonitrile precursors in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and the subsequent carbonization in inert gas. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of α-Fe2O3-carbon nanofiber composites. It was indicated that α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with an average size of about 20 nm have a homogeneous dispersion along the carbon nanofiber surface. The resultant α-Fe2O3-carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in rechargeable lithium half cells, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results indicated that these α-Fe2O3-carbon nanofiber composites have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and acceptable rate capability when used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={5}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={2672–2679} }
 @article{guo_li_yao_lin_ji_xu_liang_shi_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun Li4Ti5O12/C composites for lithium-ion batteries with high rate performance}, volume={204}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117890/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2011.10.019}, abstractNote={Two types of Li4Ti5O12/C composites were synthesized through the electrospinning method. The first composite consists of Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles and aggregates coated by carbon and connected by carbon nanofibers. The second composite is constructed solely by Li4Ti5O12/C fibers. These two composites are denoted as Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers and Li4Ti5O12/C fibers, respectively. It is found that both composites show higher reversible capacities and better rate performance than commercial Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. Comparing the two electrospun composites, Li4Ti5O12/C fibers exhibit higher reversible capacity, greater rate capacity, and smaller electrode polarization, indicating that Li4Ti5O12/C fibers have better kinetics than Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers due to the elimination of Li4Ti5O12 aggregates and the formation of carbon-based fiber structure.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Guo, Bingkun and Li, Ying and Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guangjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={61–65} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_ji_guo_li_li_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun nanofibers for energy storage}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Alcoutlabi, M. and Ji, L. W. and Guo, B. K. and Li, S. L. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011}, pages={45–51} }
 @article{liang_ji_guo_lin_yao_li_alcoutlabi_qiu_zhang_2011, title={Preparation and electrochemical characterization of ionic-conducting lithium lanthanum titanate oxide/polyacrylonitrile submicron composite fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540087/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.088}, abstractNote={Lithium lanthanum titanate oxide (LLTO)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) submicron composite fiber-based membranes were prepared by electrospinning dispersions of LLTO ceramic particles in PAN solutions. These ionic-conducting LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes can be directly used as lithium-ion battery separators due to their unique porous structure. Ionic conductivities were evaluated after soaking the electrospun LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes in a liquid electrolyte, 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1 vol). It was found that, among membranes with various LLTO contents, 15 wt.% LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes provided the highest ionic conductivity, 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. Compared with pure PAN fiber membranes, LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes had greater liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical stability window, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. In addition, lithium//1 M LiPF6/EC/EMC//lithium iron phosphate cells containing LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes as the separator exhibited high discharge specific capacity of 162 mAh g−1 and good cycling performance at 0.2 C rate at room temperature.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Ji, Liwen and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={436–441} }
 @article{yao_ji_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Sulfonated Polystyrene Fiber Network-Induced Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540072/}, DOI={10.1021/am2009184}, abstractNote={A novel type of hybrid membrane was fabricated by incorporating sulfonated polystyrene (S-PS) electrospun fibers into Nafion for the application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With the introduction of S-PS fiber mats, a large amount of sulfonic acid groups in Nafion aggregated onto the interfaces between S-PS fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had higher proton conductivities than that of recast Nafion, and the conductivities were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameters. Consequently, hybrid membranes fabricated by ionomers, such as Nafion, incorporated with ionic-conducting nanofibers established a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance proton exchange membranes.}, number={9}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={3732–3737} }
 @article{yao_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Superacidic Electrospun Fiber-Nafion Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1614-6840"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540073/}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.201100435}, abstractNote={A novel type of hybrid membrane has been fabricated by incorporating superacidic sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) fibers into recast Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). With the introduction of electrospun superacidic fiber mats, a large amount of protogenic groups aggregated in the interfacial region between S-ZrO2 fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had high proton conductivities, which were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber volume fraction. Consequently, the superacidic S-ZrO2 electrospun fibers are promising filler materials and hybrid membranes containing S-ZrO2 fiber mats can be potentially used in high-performance fuel cells.}, number={6}, journal={ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={1133–1140} }
 @article{ji_lin_li_li_liang_toprakci_shi_zhang_2010, title={Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674399/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042}, abstractNote={Abstract Novel core-sheath nanofibers, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core and polypyrrole (PPy) sheath with clear boundary between them, were fabricated by electrospinning PAN/FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O bicomponent nanofibers and the subsequent surface-initiated polymerization in a pyrrole-containing solution. By adjusting the concentration of FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O, the surface morphology of PPy sheath changed from isolated agglomerates or clusters to relatively uniform thin-film structure. Thermal properties of PAN-PPy core-sheath nanofibers were also characterized. Results indicated that the PPy sheath played a role of inhibitor and retarded the complex chemical reactions of PAN during the carbonization process.}, number={19}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Liang, Yinzheng and Toprakci, Ozan and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={4368–4374} }