@article{tang_qiao_lin_li_zhao_yuan_yun_guo_dickey_huang_et al._2019, title={Functional Liquid Metal Nanoparticles Produced by Liquid-Based Nebulization}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2365-709X"]}, DOI={10.1002/admt.201800420}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Tang, Shi-Yang and Qiao, Ruirui and Lin, Yiliang and Li, Yuhuan and Zhao, Qianbin and Yuan, Dan and Yun, Guolin and Guo, Jinhong and Dickey, Michael D. and Huang, Tony Jun and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @article{ma_lin_kim_ko_kim_oh_sun_gorman_voinov_smirnov_et al._2019, title={Liquid Metal Nanoparticles as Initiators for Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2161-1653"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00783}, DOI={10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00783}, abstractNote={Sonication of gallium or gallium-based liquid metals in an aqueous solution of vinyl monomers leads to rapid free radical polymerization (FRP), without the need for conventional molecular initiators. Under ambient conditions, a passivating native oxide separates these metals from solution and renders the metal effectively inert. However, sonication generates liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) of ∼100 nm diameter and thereby increases the surface area of the metal. The exposed metal initiates polymerization, which proceeds via a FRP mechanism and yields high molecular weight polymers that can form physical gels. Spin trapping EPR reveals the generation of free radicals. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements confirm direct polymer bonding to gallium, verifying the formation of surface-anchored polymer grafts. The grafted polymers can modify the interfacial properties, that is, the preference of the metal particles to disperse in aqueous versus organic phases. The polymer can also be degrafted and isolated from the particles using strong acid or base. The concept of physically disrupting passivated metal surfaces offers new routes for surface-initiated polymerization and has implications for surface modification, reduction reactions, and fabrication of mechanically responsive materials.}, number={11}, journal={ACS MACRO LETTERS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ma, Jinwoo and Lin, Yiliang and Kim, Yong-Woo and Ko, Yeongun and Kim, Jongbeom and Oh, Kyu Hwan and Sun, Jeong-Yun and Gorman, Christopher B. and Voinov, Maxim A. and Smirnov, Alex I. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={1522–1527} }
 @article{li_lin_dai_ko_genzer_2019, title={Mechanochemical Degrafting of a Surface-Tethered Poly(acrylic acid) Brush Promoted Etching of Its Underlying Silicon Substrate}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02610}, abstractNote={The stability of surface-tethered polyelectrolyte brushes has been investigated during the past few years. We have previously reported on degrafting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer brushes from flat silicone substrates. Here we present detailed study on the effects of NaCl concentration and the grafting density and molecular weight on the stability of PAA brushes during incubation in 0.1 M ethanolamine buffer (pH 9.0) solutions. Without NaCl in the buffer solution, the PAA brushes remain intact. Adding NaCl facilitates etching of the substrate due to accelerating dissolution of the top silica layer and promoting degrafting of the PAA chains. The PAA grafting density and molecular weight play an important role in substrate etching by affecting the penetration barrier and local concentration of the etchants. We also tested the stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) made of hydrophobic alkyltrichlorosilanes anchored on silicon substrates. The results demonstrated that the SAMs were too thin to protect the substrates from etching, in contrast to thick poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes. Our findings suggest that both polymer brushes (especially polyelectrolyte brushes) and SAMs anchored to silicon substrates may undergo erosion/etching on the substrates in basic environments, which compromises their stability and therefore jeopardizes their applications in coating, biosensing, etc.}, number={42}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Li, Yuanchao and Lin, Yiliang and Dai, Yunkai and Ko, Yeongun and Genzer, Jan}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={13693–13699} }
 @article{lin_genzer_li_qiao_dickey_tang_2018, title={Sonication-enabled rapid production of stable liquid metal nanoparticles grafted with poly(1-octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) in aqueous solutions}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2040-3372"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR05600E}, DOI={10.1039/c8nr05600e}, abstractNote={We demonstrate sonication-enabled production of liquid metal nanoparticles grafted with poly(1-octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) in water that remain stable in biological buffers.}, number={42}, journal={NANOSCALE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Lin, Yiliang and Genzer, Jan and Li, Weihua and Qiao, Ruirui and Dickey, Michael D. and Tang, Shi-Yang}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={19871–19878} }
 @article{li_lin_ko_kiserow_genzer_2018, title={Visualization of Mechanochemically-Assisted Degrafting of Surface-Tethered Poly(Acrylic Acid) Brushes}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2161-1653"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00241}, abstractNote={We report visualization of mechanochemically assisted degrafting of surface-tethered poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes in a basic aqueous buffer at nanometer to micrometer length scale by monitoring changes in local etching of silicon substrates. PAA brushes were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and incubated in 0.1 M ethanolamine buffer (pH 9.0) with 0.5 M NaCl. Morphological changes of the underlying substrates were monitored by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The appearance of regular-shaped pits indicated etching of the substrate, and both their number and size grew with increasing incubation time. We compared the etching behaviors for PAA, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) brushes grafted on silicon substrates. After incubation for 7 days, the substrate of PMMA brush remained intact. In PAA brush systems, we detected the formation of a few large pits whose size grew in time. Many pits showed up on the substrate of PPEGMA brush but with substantially smaller size compared to PAA. Our findings suggest that hydrophobicity and stability of the grafted polymers play an important role in the morphological changes of the underlying silicon substrates under given incubation conditions.}, number={6}, journal={ACS MACRO LETTERS}, author={Li, Yuanchao and Lin, Yiliang and Ko, Yeongun and Kiserow, Douglas and Genzer, Jan}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={609–613} }
 @article{lu_lin_chen_hu_liu_yu_gao_dickey_gu_2017, title={Enhanced Endosomal Escape by Light-Fueled Liquid-Metal Transformer}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1530-6992"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04346}, abstractNote={Effective endosomal escape remains as the "holy grail" for endocytosis-based intracellular drug delivery. To date, most of the endosomal escape strategies rely on small molecules, cationic polymers, or pore-forming proteins, which are often limited by the systemic toxicity and lack of specificity. We describe here a light-fueled liquid-metal transformer for effective endosomal escape-facilitated cargo delivery via a chemical-mechanical process. The nanoscale transformer can be prepared by a simple approach of sonicating a low-toxicity liquid-metal. When coated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs), the resulting nanospheres demonstrate the ability to absorb and convert photoenergy to drive the simultaneous phase separation and morphological transformation of the inner liquid-metal core. The morphological transformation from nanospheres to hollow nanorods with a remarkable change of aspect ratio can physically disrupt the endosomal membrane to promote endosomal escape of payloads. This metal-based nanotransformer equipped with GQDs provides a new strategy for facilitating effective endosomal escape to achieve spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery with enhanced efficacy.}, number={4}, journal={NANO LETTERS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Lu, Yue and Lin, Yiliang and Chen, Zhaowei and Hu, Quanyin and Liu, Yang and Yu, Shuangjiang and Gao, Wei and Dickey, Michael D. and Gu, Zhen}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={2138–2145} }
 @article{li_ko_lin_kiserow_genzer_2017, title={Enhanced Stability of Surface-Tethered Diblock Copolymer Brushes with a Neutral Polymer Block and a Weak Polyelectrolyte Block: Effects of Molecular Weight and Hydrophobicity of the Neutral Block}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01825}, abstractNote={We study the stability of diblock copolymer brushes featuring a bottom neutral block, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA), and a top poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) block on flat silicon substrate. The polymer brushes are prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). We use a combinatorial design featuring a molecular weight gradient in the bottom neutral block to investigate systematically the effect of the molecular weight of that block on the stability of the copolymer brush. We measure variations in dry thickness of the diblock copolymer brush by ellipsometry after different incubation times in aqueous buffer (pH = 9.0) as a function of thickness of the neutral block, indicating degrafting of the mechanically activated copolymer chains via hydrolysis of ester groups in the initiator and/or Si–O bonds that attach the polymer to the substrate. The stability of the diblock copolymer brushes is higher than that of PAA homopolymer b...}, number={21}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Li, Yuanchao and Ko, Yeongun and Lin, Yiliang and Kiserow, Douglas and Genzer, Jan}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={8580–8587} }
 @article{lin_liu_genzer_dickey_2017, title={Shape-transformable liquid metal nanoparticles in aqueous solution}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2041-6539"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SC00057J}, DOI={10.1039/c7sc00057j}, abstractNote={This paper reports the formation of shape-changing and phase-transforming liquid metal particles that have potential applications in drug delivery, catalysis, colloidal jamming, and optics.}, number={5}, journal={CHEMICAL SCIENCE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Lin, Yiliang and Liu, Yang and Genzer, Jan and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={3832–3837} }
 @article{cooper_arutselvan_liu_armstrong_lin_khan_genzer_dickey_2017, title={Stretchable Capacitive Sensors of Torsion, Strain, and Touch Using Double Helix Liquid Metal Fibers}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.201605630}, abstractNote={Soft and stretchable sensors have the potential to be incorporated into soft robotics and conformal electronics. Liquid metals represent a promising class of materials for creating these sensors because they can undergo large deformations while retaining electrical continuity. Incorporating liquid metal into hollow elastomeric capillaries results in fibers that can integrate with textiles, comply with complex surfaces, and be mass produced at high speeds. Liquid metal is injected into the core of hollow and extremely stretchable elastomeric fibers and the resulting fibers are intertwined into a helix to fabricate capacitive sensors of torsion, strain, and touch. Twisting or elongating the fibers changes the geometry and, thus, the capacitance between the fibers in a predictable way. These sensors offer a simple mechanism to measure torsion up to 800 rad m−1—two orders of magnitude higher than current torsion sensors. These intertwined fibers can also sense strain capacitively. In a complementary embodiment, the fibers are injected with different lengths of liquid metal to create sensors capable of distinguishing touch along the length of a small bundle of fibers via self‐capacitance. The three capacitive‐based modes of sensing described here may enable new sensing applications that employ the unique attributes of stretchable fibers.}, number={20}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cooper, Christopher B. and Arutselvan, Kuralamudhan and Liu, Ying and Armstrong, Daniel and Lin, Yiliang and Khan, Mohammad Rashed and Genzer, Jan and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @article{lin_gordon_khan_vasquez_genzer_dickey_2017, title={Vacuum filling of complex microchannels with liquid metal}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1473-0189"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C7LC00426E}, DOI={10.1039/c7lc00426e}, abstractNote={This paper describes the utilization of vacuum to fill complex microchannels with liquid metal.}, number={18}, journal={LAB ON A CHIP}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Lin, Yiliang and Gordon, Olivia and Khan, M. Rashed and Vasquez, Neyanel and Genzer, Jan and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={3043–3050} }
 @article{tang_joshipura_lin_kalantar-zadeh_mitchell_khoshmanesh_dickey_2016, title={Liquid-Metal Microdroplets Formed Dynamically with Electrical Control of Size and Rate}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201503875}, abstractNote={Liquid metal co-injected with electrolyte through a microfluidic flow-focusing orifice forms droplets with diameters and production frequencies controlled in real time by voltage. Applying voltage to the liquid metal controls the interfacial tension via a combination of electrochemistry and electrocapillarity. This simple and effective method can instantaneously tune the size of the microdroplets, which has applications in composites, catalysts, and microsystems.}, number={4}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tang, Shi-Yang and Joshipura, Ishan D. and Lin, Yiliang and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh and Mitchell, Arnan and Khoshmanesh, Khashayar and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={604–609} }
 @article{zhao_nunn_lemaire_lin_dickey_oldham_walls_peterson_losego_parsons_et al._2015, title={Facile Conversion of Hydroxy Double Salts to Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Metal Oxide Particles and Atomic Layer Deposition Thin-Film Templates}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1520-5126"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000364355900009&KeyUID=WOS:000364355900009}, DOI={10.1021/jacs.5b08752}, abstractNote={Rapid room-temperature synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly desired for industrial implementation and commercialization. Here we find that a (Zn,Cu) hydroxy double salt (HDS) intermediate formed in situ from ZnO particles or thin films enables rapid growth (<1 min) of HKUST-1 (Cu3(BTC)2) at room temperature. The space-time-yield reaches >3 × 10(4) kg·m(-3)·d(-1), at least 1 order of magnitude greater than any prior report. The high anion exchange rate of (Zn,Cu) hydroxy nitrate HDS drives the ultrafast MOF formation. Similarly, we obtained Cu-BDC, ZIF-8, and IRMOF-3 structures from HDSs, demonstrating synthetic generality. Using ZnO thin films deposited via atomic layer deposition, MOF patterns are obtained on pre-patterned surfaces, and dense HKUST-1 coatings are grown onto various form factors, including polymer spheres, silicon wafers, and fibers. Breakthrough tests show that the MOF-functionalized fibers have high adsorption capacity for toxic gases. This rapid synthesis route is also promising for new MOF-based composite materials and applications.}, number={43}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Zhao, Junjie and Nunn, William T. and Lemaire, Paul C. and Lin, Yiliang and Dickey, Michael and Oldham, Christopher J. and Walls, Howard J. and Peterson, Gregory W. and Losego, Mark D. and Parsons, Gregory N. and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={13756–13759} }
 @article{lin_cooper_wang_adams_genzer_dickey_2015, title={Handwritten, Soft Circuit Boards and Antennas Using Liquid Metal Nanoparticles}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1613-6829"]}, DOI={10.1002/smll.201502692}, abstractNote={Soft conductors are created by embedding liquid metal nanoparticles between two elastomeric sheets. Initially, the particles form an electrically insulating composite. Soft circuit boards can be handwritten by a stylus, which sinters the particles into conductive traces by applying localized mechanical pressure to the elastomeric sheets. Antennas with tunable frequencies are formed by sintering nanoparticles in microchannels.}, number={48}, journal={SMALL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lin, Yiliang and Cooper, Christopher and Wang, Meng and Adams, Jacob J. and Genzer, Jan and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={6397–6403} }
 @article{tang_lin_joshipura_khoshmanesh_dickey_2015, title={Steering liquid metal flow in microchannels using low voltages}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1473-0189"]}, DOI={10.1039/c5lc00742a}, abstractNote={Low voltages can control the directional flow of EGaIn liquid metal in complex microfluidic networks via two complementary mechanisms.}, number={19}, journal={LAB ON A CHIP}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Tang, Shi-Yang and Lin, Yiliang and Joshipura, Ishan D. and Khoshmanesh, Khashayar and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2015}, pages={3905–3911} }
 @article{lu_hu_lin_pacardo_wang_sun_ligler_dickey_gu_2015, title={Transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2041-1723"]}, DOI={10.1038/ncomms10066}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Lu, Yue and Hu, Quanyin and Lin, Yiliang and Pacardo, Dennis B. and Wang, Chao and Sun, Wujin and Ligler, Frances S. and Dickey, Michael D. and Gu, Zhen}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }