@article{an eco-friendly hydroentangled cotton non-woven membrane with alginate hydrogel for water filtration_2024, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/65304060/}, DOI={10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2023.128422}, abstractNote={Alginate hydrogel is highly efficient for water filtration due to its anti-fouling nature and formation of strong hydration membranes. However, poor mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel membrane limit its installation in water treatment. There is a need to enhance mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel membranes using eco-friendly, cost-effective materials and technologies. In this work, hydroentangled non-woven from cotton waste (comber noil) fibers was prepared. This non-woven was immersed in solution of sodium alginate (0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %) followed by dipping in calcium chloride solution which resulted in gel formation on and into cotton fibers. The successful formation of gel on non-woven fabric was confirmed through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and properties of this composite membrane were analyzed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), DSC (Differential scanning calorimeter), water contact, water flux, oil-water filtration, air permeability, tensile strength, and porosity tests. The results showed that porosity of prepared hydrogel membranes decreased with increasing alginate concentration from 0.5 % to 1.5 % which resulted in decreased water permeation flux from 2655 h−1/m2 to 475 h−1/m2. The prepared membrane has separation efficiencies for the oil-water mixture in the range of 97.5 % to 99.5 %. Moreover, the developed samples also showed significant antibacterial activity as well as improved mechanical properties. The strength of the prepared membrane is in the range of 40 N to 80 N. The developed sodium alginate hydrogel-based non-woven membrane could have potential applications for commercial water filtration systems.}, journal={International Journal of Biological Macromolecules}, year={2024} }
 @article{zulfiqar_manzoor_ijaz_nawaz_ahmad_akhtar_iftikhar_ynawab_khan_umar_2024, title={Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Predicted Model for Seam Strength of Five-Pocket Denim Jeans: A Review}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/4/2/12}, DOI={10.3390/textiles4020012}, abstractNote={This study explores previous research efforts concerning prediction models related to the textile and polymer industry, especially garment seam strength, emphasizing critical parameters such as stitch density, fabric GSM, thread type, thread count, stitch classes, and seam types. These parameters play a pivotal role in determining the durability and overall quality of denim jeans based on cellulosic polymer. A significant focus is dedicated to the mathematical computational models employed for predicting seam strength in five-pocket denim jeans. Herein, the discussion poses the application of AI for manufacturing industries, especially for textile and clothing sectors, and highlights the importance of using a machine learning prediction model for sewing thread consumption, seam strength analysis, and seam performance analysis. Therefore, the authors suggest the significant importance of the machine learning prediction model, as future trends anticipate advancements in AI-driven methodologies, potentially leading to high-profile predictions and superior manufacturing processes. The authors also describe the limitation of AI and address a comprehensive model of risk outlines of AI in the manufacturing-based industries, especially the garments industry. Put simply, this review serves as a bridge between the realms of AI, mathematics, and textile engineering, providing a clear understanding of how artificial-neural-network-based models will be shaping the future of seam strength prediction in the denim manufacturing landscape. This type of evolution, based on ANN, will support and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of seam strength predictions by allowing models to discern intricate patterns and relationships within vast and diverse datasets.}, journal={Textiles}, author={Zulfiqar, Aqsa and Manzoor, Talha and Ijaz, Muhammad Bilal and Nawaz, Hafiza Hifza and Ahmad, Fayyaz and Akhtar, Saeed and Iftikhar, Fatima and YNawab and Khan, Muhammad Qamar and Umar, Muhammad}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{effect of gradual thermoforming pressure on the mechanical properties of jute/polypropylene commingled composites_2024, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54592595/}, DOI={10.1177/00219983231226432}, abstractNote={ The present work presents a new approach to the parameters of the thermoforming process for jute fiber commingled thermoplastic composites based on pressure control. Effect of gradual pressure on the microstructures of jute fiber and their mechanical properties has been investigated. The singeing of Jute yarn and subsequent co-twisting with Polypropylene (PP) was done to make reinforcement. Jute/PP composites were developed using Jute/PP commingled reinforcement. Flexural and Charpy impact tests were conducted to analyze the mechanical performance of composites made using gradual and instant loading on the compression hot press. It is found that application of gradual pressure not only decreases fiber damages, but also increase flexural strength by 82%, impact strength by 43% and impact energy by 93% as compared to composite fabricated using instant pressure. Further, the complete analysis of microstructure of fibers of both type of composites is done to compare the effect of both fabrication techniques. }, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, year={2024} }
 @article{impact of weave architecture on the mechanical performance of carbon-aramid/pvb hybrid composites_2024, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56595936/}, DOI={10.1177/15589250241230767}, abstractNote={ Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites having superior mechanical properties are preferred for lightweight architectures. Rising demands for enhanced mechanical performance under certain types of loadings have focused researchers toward the hybridization of composite materials. In this study carbon and aramid fibers were employed to produce hybrid fabrics by weaving in two different woven architectures, 1/1 plain and 2/1 twill. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) matrix was reinforced with these woven fabrics and hybrid composites were fabricated by compression molding. Un-hybrid carbon and aramid composites were fabricated using PVB matrix, as control samples. Tensile characteristics of hybrid composites offered intermediate strain at failures of 0.5% due to the combined rigid and ductile natures of carbon and aramid, respectively. Flexural strength and absorbed impact energy (200 MPa and 97 kJ/m2) were higher for hybrid composites, and quick elastic recoveries were experienced in hybrid composites after impact. Plain woven reinforced hybridization had about 25% and 5% lower tensile and flexural characteristics respectively, as more interlocking zones of warp and weft yarns reduced strength. However, these interlocking zones positively contributed to impact performance by 11.5% higher energy absorption. }, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, year={2024} }
 @article{a fibrous nonwoven hydrogel composite for shoe insole with enhanced mechanical and comfort properties_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/62596000/}, DOI={10.1007/S10924-023-02980-1}, journal={Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, year={2023} }
 @article{a novel composite of hemp fiber and alginate hydrogel for wound dressings_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56163346/}, DOI={10.1007/S10924-023-02756-7}, journal={Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, year={2023} }
 @article{siddique_iqbal_nawab_shaker_2023, title={A review of joining techniques for thermoplastic composite materials}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/52846272/}, DOI={10.1177/08927057221096662}, abstractNote={ Composite materials have found widespread applications in the automotive, aerospace, and building industries. Several components are joined together for these applications, by some temporary or permanent bonding approach. The increased use of different materials and their combinations such as composites makes the whole joining process something to be thoroughly considered before continuing. Several aspects need to be studied before spending significant time and financial resources. Considering these challenges in this paper we have provided a review of the investigations that have been made on fiber-reinforced composite joints. The level of development in various types of joints and joining techniques such as mechanical bonding, adhesive bonding, and fusion bonding along with their advantages and disadvantages is given. Several parameters affecting the performance of composite joints such as joint configuration, material selection and properties, geometric parameters, dominating failure modes, and environmental factors are described briefly. To verify the performance of composite joints, guidance on joint testing is given (both destructive and non-destructive). }, journal={Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials}, author={Siddique, A. and Iqbal, Z. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K.}, year={2023} }
 @article{bio-based thermal insulating panels for clothing using domestic parakeet feathers as filling: a comparative study_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/64612031/}, DOI={10.1007/S13399-023-05150-4}, journal={Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery}, year={2023} }
 @article{circularity in materials: a review on polymer composites made from agriculture and textile waste_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/61499449/}, DOI={10.1155/2023/5872605}, abstractNote={Agriculture and textiles have the highest production yields among all sectors to meet mankind’s basic needs, i.e., feeding and clothing; however, they are top contributors to environmental pollution and global waste generation. Their wastes and byproducts are precious organic materials, they have great potential as raw materials for the manufacturing of valuable products. This review sheds light on various textile and agricultural wastes, waste management issues, and their existing utilization. Current waste processing methods are mostly based on waste-to-energy routes or material reclamation; however, both methods are hazardous for the environment and are inefficient. During the past decade, many researchers have utilized agriculture and textile wastes in the fabrication of composites. Textile and agricultural wastes and byproducts can be efficiently used for composite fabrication and can be suitable alternatives to existing raw materials. Using textiles and agricultural wastes for composite manufacturing can not only address waste management issues and replace non-eco-friendly materials in the composite industry but also significantly improve composite properties.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, year={2023} }
 @article{delamination characteristics of aluminum-composite bonds: impact of reinforcements and matrices_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/65809114/}, DOI={10.1155/2023/6020509}, abstractNote={Adhesion properties of metal-composite bonds are crucial in defining composite capability with other metallic components, and failures could lead to severe accidents. Hence, the study is aimed at the development and characterization of metal-composite bonds using different rigid adherends and adhesive materials (thermoset and thermoplastics). Among natural fibers, jute was used, while aramid, carbon, and glass woven reinforcements were employed from synthetic fibers. A simultaneous comparison of both thermoset and thermoplastic matrices was done using epoxy, polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl butadiene (PVB) as adhesive materials. Floating roller delamination characterization proved variation in adhesion qualities governing different failure modes by varying adhesive even in a single rigid adherend. The highest fracture toughness was observed for aluminum-jute bonds made with PP and PVB that was due to toughness of matrix and intralaminar failure. Carbon being brittle in nature showed the most fluctuated performance with a 90% difference between the highest value of carbon-PVB and the lowest value of carbon-epoxy. Thermoplastic matrices owing to plasticity offered overall more fracture toughness than brittle thermoset resin. Furthermore, intralaminar was the dominant failure mechanism in the jute-based bond made with thermoplastic matrix.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, year={2023} }
 @article{jamal_ahmad_azam_umair_ahmad_nawab_rasheed_ullah_2023, title={Development and characterization of impact resistant fabric with better comfort for motorbike riders}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/48762652/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2022.2093080}, abstractNote={Abstract Motorbikes are used for leisure and professional purpose. The abundant use of motorbikes gives rise to a high number of accidents resulting in serious injuries. The development of protective fabric for motorbike riders is the need of the day. This study aimed to develop an impact resistance comfortable fabric for motorbike riders. The high-performance fibers in different ratios were used to develop high-performance yarns, then used to manufacture the impact-resistant fabric. Five different blends of ring-spun yarns with linear densities of 30/2 Tex and 25/2 Tex were produced by using Kevlar, polyester, nylon, elastane, and cotton fibers. Z twill weave fabric was made on a rapier loom from these yarns. Moreover, the warp yarn was vat-dyed before preparing the fabric from it. The impact cut resistance and abrasion resistance of fabrics were tested. The results showed that the fabric developed from a yarn count of 25/2 Tex with 19% Kevlar, 17% polyester, 9% Nylon, 47% cotton, and 8% elastane fibers has excellent abrasion and cut resistance with the highest tear and tensile strength among all other fabric samples.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Jamal, H. and Ahmad, F. and Azam, F. and Umair, M. and Ahmad, S. and Nawab, Y. and Rasheed, A. and Ullah, T.}, year={2023} }
 @article{effect of cellulosic material and weave design on comfort performance of woven fabrics_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53113362/}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2022.2163030}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, year={2023} }
 @article{nasreen_bangash_shaker_ynawab_2023, title={Effect of Surface Treatment on Stiffness and Damping Behavior of Metal-Metal and Composite-Metal Adhesive Joints}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/2/435}, DOI={10.3390/polym15020435}, abstractNote={In aerospace and automotive applications, composite materials are used as a major structural material along with metals. Composite-metal and metal-metal joining are very crucial in such structures. Adhesive bonding is commonly used for this purpose. Since such structures are exposed to varying temperatures and dynamic loads, it is essential to investigate the response of such joints under thermomechanical loading. Though various studies have been reported in the literature to assess the thermomechanical properties of composites, adhesives, and their joints, the effect of the surface treatment of metals and composites on the improvement in the thermomechanical behavior of the joints has not been reported. The metal and composite surfaces were modified using chemical etching techniques. The interaction between adhesives and adherends was studied using the DTMA technique in compression mode. Anodizing treatment on aluminum alloys improved the stiffness properties of metallic joints to 36% and decreased the damping to 23%, while chemical treatment on composite and metal adherends increased the stiffness of composite-metal joints to 34% and reduced the energy dissipation to 20%.}, journal={Polymers}, author={Nasreen, Adeela and Bangash, Muhammad Kashif and Shaker, Khubab and YNawab}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{effect of fillers and weave architecture hybridization on the impact performance of 3d woven hybrid green composites_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/61986331/}, DOI={10.1002/PC.27889}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Polymer Composites}, year={2023} }
 @article{influence of tetrahedral architectures on fluid transmission and heat retention behaviors of auxetic weaves_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/61063178/}, DOI={10.1016/J.TSEP.2023.101946}, abstractNote={Recently auxetic textiles have captured the attention of researchers. Yet no work is reported on the development and characterization of novel tetrahedral woven auxetic structures. In this study, six two-dimensional (2D) woven auxetic structures including diamond-based vertical pointed twill (S1), vertical inverse pointed twill (S2), vertical broken pointed twill (S3), vertical pointed twill (S4), open tetrahedral (S5), and closed tetrahedral (S6) were developed. For performance analysis, thermal comfort properties including fluid transmission characteristics (air permeability, water vapor permeability index, overall moisture management capability (OMMC)), and heat retention attributes were characterized. These fabrics were also characterized by their mechanical behavior including negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR), tensile and tear strength, pilling, abrasion resistance, and stretch and growth %. S5 has longer floats, hence it became more flexible and open which resulted in higher dry fluid transmission. All specimens showed more than 85% wet fluid transmission tendencies. S6 showed the highest and S5 showed the least OMMC values. Furthermore, S2 has a higher thermal resistance because of low air permeability. The developed fabric structures showed NPR up to −0.64. A significant effect of float length has been found on the auxeticity of fabrics along the warp direction. S5 showed a higher tensile strength and stretch % in warp and weft directions. All the developed woven auxetic fabrics remained unteared in both the warp and weft directions along with viable pilling (4–5 grade) and showed improved abrasion resistance.}, journal={Thermal Science and Engineering Progress}, year={2023} }
 @article{khan_umair_hussain_karahan_nawab_2023, title={Investigation of impact properties of para-aramid composites made with a thermoplastic-thermoset blend}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/47346696/}, DOI={10.1177/08927057211021464}, abstractNote={ During impact, thermoset composites show brittle behaviour, whereas thermoplastic composites show a relatively ductile behaviour with higher absorption of impact energy. The research on the investigation of the impact performance of composites with thermoplastic resin and/or with a blend of thermoplastic and thermoset resins found rare. In the present study, both thermoset (phenolic, vinyl ester) and thermoplastic (Polyvinyl butyral – PVB) matrices were used with Para-aramid reinforcement for the development of five-layered composite samples. Drop weight impact, Charpy impact, flexural (three-point), and hardness tests were conducted to assess the performance of the composite samples. The developed thermoplastic composites showed superior impact properties as compared to thermoset composites except for out-of-plane deformation (trauma). This deformation was reduced using a blend of PVB and Phenolic. The composite made with blend absorbs 8–9% more energy as compared to Phenolic composites with almost the same value of trauma. Overall, damage area is also lesser in the case of composite made using a blend. The experimental results are validated by one-way ANOVA (Tukey) statistical analysis. }, journal={Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials}, author={Khan, M.I. and Umair, M. and Hussain, R. and Karahan, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2023} }
 @article{shaker_adnan_ynawab_umair_jabbar_siddique_ahmad_2023, title={Mechanical Performance of Glass/Epoxy Composites Loaded with Silane-Treated Aluminum Hydroxide Fillers}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/17/3514}, DOI={10.3390/polym15173514}, abstractNote={This study investigates the influence of silane-treated aluminum hydroxide on the mechanical performance of flame-retardant composites. These composites have potential applications for luggage bags, as a replacement for conventional plastics, offering more durability and lighter weight. Glass fabric was used as the reinforcement, while epoxy was used as the matrix material. To impart flame retardancy, aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles were used as fillers in different weight % age (5%, 10% and 15%). As these are inorganic particles and have compatibility issues with the matrix material, silane-coupling agents (Dynasylan® 6490 and Dynasylan Glymo) were used to treat these filler particles. Both the silane-coupling agents fraction used for treatment and the fillers fraction added to the composites were varied to determine the most optimum combination. The mechanical properties of the developed composites such as tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strength were investigated. The best results were exhibited by 10% aluminum hydroxide fillers treated with 1% (by weight) coupling agent (Dynasylan Glymo).}, journal={Polymers}, author={Shaker, Khubab and Adnan, Muhammad and YNawab and Umair, Muhammad and Jabbar, Madeha and siddique and Ahmad, Ahsan}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{optimization of percolation limit of carbon black for electromagnetic interference shielding_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/63636748/}, DOI={10.1016/J.JMMM.2023.171164}, abstractNote={Over the past few decades, the excessive use of electronic paraphernalia has increased the interference of electromagnetic waves, which not only disrupts the functionality of electronic appliances but also enhances environmental pollution. To avoid this destruction, an efficient material is required that can provide shielding from electromagnetic interference. Numerous researchers have made significant efforts to enhance EMI shielding using various types of nanofillers. However, a crucial aspect that has been lacking in these studies is an investigation into the optimal material quantity required for effective activation. Therefore, it becomes imperative to establish the percolation limit of the material, as this knowledge is vital in preventing unnecessary wastage and ensuring efficient utilization. Among polymer nanocomposites, Carbon black is the most demanding material for shielding purposes and is frequently used due to its abundance, superconductivity, and chemical stability. This work aims to identify the percolation limit of carbon black, which indicates the point at which the material becomes activated. To achieve this, different loading concentrations of the material have been tested. The thickness of all the samples was kept the same, at 3 mm. A vector network analyzer is used to analyze the EM shielding effectiveness of the composite material. Moreover, absorbance, reflectance, transmittance, skin depth, AC conductivity, and reflection loss have also been studied within the frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 13.6 GHz.}, journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, year={2023} }
 @article{optimization of the novel jute retting process to enhance the fiber quality for textile applications_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/62574652/}, DOI={10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E21513}, abstractNote={This study introduces an innovative chemical retting approach, systematically optimized via Grey relational analysis, to achieve jute fibers that exhibit desirable characteristics of softness, high tensile strength, and suitability for spinning, with a particular focus on their application in the apparel industry. In this study, the effect of alkali treatment (alkali concentration, temperature and duration of retting) on jute fiber's chemical composition and mechanical characteristics was investigated. Jute fibers were treated at three concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) of alkali, at three different temperature (30 °C, 60 °C, & 90 °C) and for three different retting duration (12 h, 24 h, & 36 h). The surface morphology and crystallinity of fibers were analyzed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The fiber linear density and mechanical characteristics were also tested. The multi-response optimization of all the factors and the responses was investigated using the Grey relational analysis. The results showed that the fiber surface morphology and crystallinity increase with an increase in alkali concentration, retting time, and temperature. Chemical retting treatment also improved the fiber linear density and tensile strength. The finest fibers which were obtained in this research had a linear density of 2.18 Tex with a tenacity of 53.02 cN/tex and elongation of 4.54 %. The spinnable jute fibers were achieved after this treatment with excellent characteristics.}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023} }
 @article{recent developments in materials and manufacturing techniques used for sports textiles_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/51459716/}, DOI={10.1155/2023/2021622}, abstractNote={In the recent era of development, the global market for the sportswear textile manufacturing industries has increased with the increase in consumption of active sportswear. The sportswear manufacturers not only focused on the market trends but also focused on material diversification with technology enhancement. The performance characteristics of active sportswear directly influence comfort level and athletic performance during sports activities. Different types of sportswear products require different performance characteristics. Appropriate moisture and heat management are the key factors for the endowment of the required physiological comfort level. In highly engineered textile-based sports goods, special characteristics are incorporated in the polymer/fibers/product manufacturing procedures/finishing techniques to obtain the maximum performance and comfort level. In this review paper current market trends, highly engineered polymers, fibers, fabrics, finishes, nanomaterials, and the recent developments in the manufacturing techniques of sportswear are illustrated.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, year={2023} }
 @article{recent advances in electromagnetic interference (emi) shielding textiles: a comprehensive review_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/57364427/}, DOI={10.1016/J.SYNTHMET.2023.117305}, abstractNote={The rapid growth of 5 G wireless networks and modern electronic communication equipment has resulted in electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution which led to the detrimental effects on sensitive precision electronics and on human health. A substantial amount of research has been done to develop efficient products for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this concern, electromagnetic interference shielding textiles have gained huge attention to protect human beings from these radiations. This review gives an overview of the basic introduction of conductive textiles, effects of electromagnetic radiation, EMI shielding mechanisms, and factors that are responsible for EMI shielding. The synthesis and characterization of conductive inks and advanced materials which are utilized for EMI shielding textiles are discussed in detail. Metals, conductive polymers, and carbon-based materials have gained huge intention to develop EMI shielding textiles. Moreover, the dominant mechanism of shielding, frequency range, and conductivity of materials has also been discussed. On the basis of our comprehensive analysis the outlooks for future research are also discussed.}, journal={Synthetic Metals}, year={2023} }
 @article{recent progress in thermal and acoustic properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: preparation, characterization, and data analysis_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/60749766/}, DOI={10.1002/PC.27633}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Polymer Composites}, year={2023} }
 @article{scaling thermal and mechanical characteristics of woven honeycombs: a novel endeavor of simultaneous ridges and picking sequence variation_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/62947778/}, DOI={10.1016/J.IJTHERMALSCI.2023.108574}, abstractNote={This study provides structural versatility to textile fabrics, honeycombs woven structures, for tuning their thermal and mechanical properties. Six different honeycomb structures, single ridge, double ridge, and brighton honeycomb with two different picking sequences were engineered their thermal and mechanical characterizations i.e., dry fluids transmission, wet fluids management capabilities, heat retention properties, tensile strength, and puncture resistance, were evaluated. Increasing the number of axial and lateral yarn interlacement zones compromised dry fluid mobility, and heat retention capability by increasing material bulk and also the increase in bulk worked for about 15% enhancement in wet fluids management. Changing the picking sequence, from single pick to double pick, improved wet fluid management up to 20%. Honeycomb structures with higher interlacement and areal densities showed higher tensile properties and puncture resistance. The relevance of the analyzed experimental variables was also visualized using statistical analysis, with p-values less than 0.05 being considered significant.}, journal={International Journal of Thermal Sciences}, year={2023} }
 @article{shape distortion in composites: sources, characterization, and remedies_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/62599496/}, DOI={10.22581/MUET1982.2303.012023}, journal={Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology}, year={2023} }
 @article{study of fibre to fibre and ply to ply comingling technique for fabrication of natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/65163989/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2023.2282219}, abstractNote={Composite are made by using a reinforcement and a resin. Natural fibres are low cost, biodegradable and have good mechanical properties. Thermoplastic polymers are cheaper, recyclable and have good mechanical properties. The thermoplastic polymers (as a resin) are not commonly used due to their high viscosities which makes fibres’ impregnation difficult. In this study “fibre to fibre” and “ply to ply” commingling techniques were used for the fabrication of natural fibres reinforced thermoplastic composites. Jute and flax fibres were commingled with polypropylene using two types of structures i.e. woven (2/2 basket weave) and nonwoven. In addition to that fibre to matrix volume percentage was also varied (30% 40% 50% and 60%). Mechanical properties and surface morphology of the developed composites were studied. The results depicted that the woven composites have better mechanical properties than the nonwoven composites which may be because of the regular arrangement of fibres in woven composites. Furthermore, composites reinforced with flax exhibited better mechanical properties than the composites reinforced with jute. In addition to that, better mechanical properties were observed with fibre volume fraction of 30% and 40% which could be due to better impregnation of fibres with matrix.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, year={2023} }
 @article{arfa_alshareef_nadeem_javid_ynawab_alshammari_zubair_2023, title={Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Active Fabrics through Immobilization of Functionalized Doped Titania Nanoparticles}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/13/2775}, DOI={10.3390/polym15132775}, abstractNote={Frequent washing of textiles poses a serious hazard to the ecosystem, owing to the discharge of harmful effluents and the release of microfibers. On one side, the harmful effluents from detergents are endangering marine biota, while on the other end, microplastics are observed even in breastfeeding milk. This work proposes the development of sunlight-driven cleaning and antibacterial comfort fabrics by immobilizing functionalized Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The research was implemented to limit the use of various detergents and chemicals for stain removal. A facile sol–gel method has opted for the fabrication of pristine and Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles at three different mole percentages of Zn. The nanoparticles were successfully functionalized and immobilized on cotton fabric using silane coupling agents via pad–dry–cure treatment. As-obtained fabrics were characterized by their surface morphologies, availability of chemical functionalities, and crystallinity. The sunlight-assisted degradation potential of as-functionalized fabrics was evaluated against selected pollutants (eight commercial dyes). The 95–98% degradation of dyes from the functionalized fabric surface was achieved within 3 h of sunlight exposure, estimated by color strength analysis with an equivalent exposition of bactericidal activities. The treated fabrics also preserved their comfort and mechanical properties. The radical trapping experiment was performed to confirm the key radicals responsible for dye degradation, and h+ ions were found to be the most influencing species. The reaction pathway followed the first order kinetic model with rate constant values of 0.0087 min−1 and 0.0131 min−1 for MB and MO dyes, respectively.}, journal={Polymers}, author={Arfa, Ume and Alshareef, Mubark and Nadeem, Nimra and JAVID, AMJED and YNawab and Alshammari, Khaled F. and ZUBAIR, USMAN}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{a review of the fabrication methods, testing, and performance of face masks_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54405763/}, DOI={10.1155/2022/2161869}, abstractNote={Improvement in the performance and compatibility of face masks has remained the focus of researchers in recent years, especially after the emergence of the COVID pandemic. Although a lot of progress in the design, tolerability, and comfort of the mask has been reported, there are certain limitations, requiring further improvement. The present review aims to highlight the filtration efficacy, comfort, and associated characteristic of various types of face masks and respirators as a function of their design and structure. In addition, the air pollutants, their adverse effects on health, certified respirators, and face masks are also discussed. The present review also provides an insight into different types of commercially available face masks in terms of their materials, filtration efficiency, and limitations. The role of emerging trends (such as nanotechnology and high-performance polymers) in the improvement and development of face masks and respirators is also discussed.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, year={2022} }
 @article{awais_ahmad_azam_shahid_nawab_ahmad_2022, title={An economical and environmentally benign approach to extract banana fibres from agricultural waste for fibre reinforced composites}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34010260/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2021.1957293}, abstractNote={Abstract Shifting from excessive use of uncontrollable synthetic materials to environmentally friendly natural materials, especially from Agricultural waste such as banana stem fibres, offers an attractive and an alternative source to solve this issue. Therefore, the extraction of fibres from the non-edible agricultural waste of the banana tree using advanced integrated technologies can assist in lessening the environmental burden, manufacturing cost, and accosting the sustainability provisions. In that context, banana fibre extraction machine and wet-laid nonwoven web setup were developed to produce homogeneous reinforcement for the fabrication of bio-composites along with the unsaturated polyester resin. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the fabricated bio-composites in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength were assessed and compared with jute fibre reinforced composites. The mechanical properties of the banana fibre reinforced composites were inferior, but comparable to the jute fibre reinforced composites.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Awais, H. and Ahmad, F. and Azam, F. and Shahid, S. and Nawab, Y. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Bast and Grass Fibers}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127734192&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_4}, abstractNote={The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. The novel lignocellulosic fibers of grass and bast origin have been discussed in this chapter. Some of the typical bast and grass fibers included here are those obtained from Isora, Banana, Vakka, Date Palm, Thespesia Lampas, Okra, Bamboo, Bagasse, etc. Most of these plants are not cultivated for fibers, but for food or other products. Fiber extraction is a secondary advantage of these fibers, so they do not disturb the food chain. The origin, extraction techniques, subsequent processes, composition analysis and properties of these fibers are detailed in subsequent sections.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={33–44} }
 @article{shaker_umair_shahid_jabbar_ullah khan_zeeshan_nawab_2022, title={Cellulosic Fillers Extracted from Argyreia Speciose Waste: A Potential Reinforcement for Composites to Enhance Properties}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/33550446/}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2020.1856271}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The growing world population and urge of the improved living standard has increased the demand of materials leading to higher post-consumer waste. This paper investigates the potential of using plant waste (yard cutting) as reinforcement for composite materials, which is either landfilled or burnt. The yard cutting of a creeper plant, Argyreia speciose (local name Tezgam) plant was used for fiber extraction, by water retting. The extracted fibers were treated with an alkali solution and then converted to powder (particle) form by ball milling. The particles obtained, after milling, were used as a reinforcement to fabricate composite material along with jute fabric obtained from waste packing bags. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of these waste material hybrid composites were investigated. It was found that the filler reinforced composites exhibited higher strength as compared to the others. The addition of fillers also enhanced the modulus of the material, both in tensile and 3-point bending mode. These fillers loaded composites were also able to withstand the maximum force for a longer period during the drop weight impact test. Hence, agricultural waste can be effectively used to develop a value-added product with enhanced performance properties.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Shahid, S. and Jabbar, M. and Ullah Khan, R.M.W. and Zeeshan, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022} }
 @article{damage-tolerant woven glass fiber composites developed using polyvinyl butyral (pvb) unsaturated polyester (up) blends_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53527913/}, DOI={10.1155/2022/9077788}, abstractNote={The thermoset matrix is brittle and shows low damage characteristics, and their impact and damage performance can be improved significantly by blending with the thermoplastic matrix. In this way, the properties of both the matrices can be gathered in one composite. This study is focused on the development and optimization of novel blends of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin with polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a thermoplastic polymer, to improve the mechanical properties, especially delamination and impact behavior of associated glass fiber composites. The five blends of UP and PVB were prepared in different concentrations by the solution mixing method. Composite samples of woven glass fabric were fabricated using prepared blends and pure resins as matrices on compression molding. Tensile, flexural, T-peel tests, and the instrumented Charpy impact tests were conducted on the developed samples. A significant improvement in the impact energy absorption (102%) and delamination resistance (110%) was observed for a blend ratio of 40 : 60 and 50 : 50 of PVB : UP, respectively, as compared to pure UP composite samples.}, journal={Advances in Materials Science and Engineering}, year={2022} }
 @article{uz zaman_shahid_shaker_nawab_ahmad_umair_khaliq_azam_2022, title={Development and characterization of chemical and fire resistant jute/unsaturated polyester composites}, volume={113}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85100987634&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2021.1889131}, abstractNote={Abstract Chemical and flame resistance of natural fiber-reinforced composites is a point of concern for industry and researchers, especially for applications involving chemicals and high temperatures. The present work focuses on studying the effect of jute fiber treatment, the addition of ZnO nanoparticles to resin, and use of chemical-resistant resin on the chemical resistance (alkali and acid), fire retardancy and mechanical properties of jute/unsaturated polyester composites. Scouring, mercerization, and hybrid fluorocarbon (HFC) treatments of woven jute fabrics were observed. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were dispersed in normal (Nrml) and chemical resistant (CR) unsaturated polyester resins using a sonicator. Then four layered cross ply symmetric composites were made by hand layup. Chemical resistance, fire retardancy, tensile, flexural, and impact properties were tested using standard test methods. Fiber treatments, chemical resistant resin, and ZnO were found to have a significant effect on the tested parameters. Acids and base solutions, with higher concentrations, caused more damages to the samples, ranging from 1.2% to 7% weight loss. This weight loss was reduced to 0.25% with ZnO treatments. This treatment also enhanced the tensile strength up to 23 MPa. Similarly, HFC treatment increased flexural strength 46 MPa to 54 MPa.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Uz Zaman, S. and Shahid, S. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Ahmad, S. and Umair, M. and Khaliq, Z. and Azam, F.}, year={2022}, pages={484–493} }
 @article{ahrari_karahan_hussain_nawab_khan_shirazi_2022, title={Development of Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Viral Nonwoven Surgical Masks for Medical Applications,Razvoj protibakterijskih in protivirusnih netkanih kirurških mask za medicinske namene}, volume={65}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85132883222&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022020}, abstractNote={This article aims to investigate the development of surgical masks for medical applications by incorporating biocidal silver nanoparticles. Medical masks were developed in three layers of a nonwoven fabric, where the outer and inner layers were made of a spun-bond polypropylene nonwoven fabric and the middle layer con­sisted of a melt-blown nonwoven polypropylene fabric. In this study, silver nanoparticles in the concentrations of 1–5% were applied to masks with the pad-dry-cure method. The samples were cured at room temperature and subsequently examined for antimicrobial properties. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphological charac­teristics and chemical composition of the samples. Microbial cleanliness, bacterial filtration efficiency, antiviral effect and breathability tests were performed according to standard test protocols. The results revealed that the application of silver nanoparticles to a three-layer mask rendered the end product with outstanding anti­microbial and antiviral properties with poor breathability (air permeability) results.}, number={2}, journal={Tekstilec}, author={Ahrari, M. and Karahan, M. and Hussain, M. and Nawab, Y. and Khan, A. and Shirazi, A.A.}, year={2022}, pages={135–146} }
 @article{hussain_arif_nawab_shaker_umair_2022, title={Development of functional (flame-retardant and anti-bacterial) and hybrid (carbon-glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response}, volume={43}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85119663061&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/pc.26418}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Composites}, author={Hussain, M. and Arif, S. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M.}, year={2022}, pages={889–905} }
 @article{hameed_nawab_zubair_umair_ahmad_shaker_2022, title={Double face fabrics: a tailorable solution for puncture resistant applications}, volume={113}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85105132313&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2021.1918882}, abstractNote={Abstract The puncture resistant fabrics find use in most of industrial and normal life applications. Traditionally, it is believed that the fabrics woven in plain weave and higher GSM are best solution for the puncture resistant applications. This study presents an innovative fabric solution for puncture resistant applications by varying/combining the fabric architecture. The fabric structural parameters (weave design and cover factor) were varied and the puncture resistance of resulting fabrics was investigated. Double face fabrics were developed, and their puncture resistance was compared with conventional woven fabrics (Plain, Matt and Satin). The outcome of this study showed that the 2/2 matt weave performs well against the puncture force, followed by the double face fabrics. The effect of cover factor was found to be significant in case of some weaves and not prominent in case of other weaves. Hence, it was concluded that while designing the fabric for puncture resistance, all the parameter including material, cover factor, and weave design need to be considered carefully.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Hameed, M.N. and Nawab, Y. and Zubair, M. and Umair, M. and Ahmad, Z. and Shaker, K.}, year={2022}, pages={1197–1205} }
 @article{ahmad_hussain_nawab_salamat_2022, title={Effect of Different Dielectric and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites}, volume={2022}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131440880&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1155/2022/5952450}, abstractNote={Carbon fiber-reinforced particulate composites are immensely used in commercial and military applications due to their excellent functional and mechanical performance. Several studies have been reported to use nanofiller in carbon fiber-reinforced composites to improve their functional and mechanical performance. However, a comparative study was required to depict the best dielectric and magnetic nanofillers with excellent functional and mechanical performance. The current research was performed to compare the effect of different dielectric and magnetic nanoparticles on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The objective was to identify a nanofiller with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties with the same weight ratio and a potential candidate for EMI shielding application. Unidirectional composite prepregs containing 2% (by weight) of each magnetic and dielectric nanofillers were fabricated on an in-house developed lab-scale UD prepreg manufacturing setup. Among the dielectric nanofillers, the composite samples containing MWCNT nanofiller showed the highest electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The composite samples containing titanium oxide nanofillers showed better flexural, electrical, and thermal properties among magnetic nanofillers.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, author={Ahmad, H.S. and Hussain, T. and Nawab, Y. and Salamat, S.}, year={2022} }
 @article{shah_shahid_siddiqui_ynawab_iqbal_2022, title={Effect of Geometric Arrangement on Mechanical Properties of 2D Woven Auxetic Fabrics}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/2/4/35}, DOI={10.3390/textiles2040035}, abstractNote={Textiles-fibres, yarns and fabrics are omnipresent in our daily lives, with unique mechanical properties that fit the design specifications for the tasks for which they are designed. The development of yarns and fabrics with negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is an area of current research interest due to their potential for use in high performance textiles (e.g., military, sports, etc.). The unique braiding technology of interlacement for preparation of braided helically wrapped yarns with NPR effect with later development of auxetic woven fabric made it possible to avoid the slippage of the wrapped component from the core. The applied geometrical configuration and NPR behaviour of the braided helical yarn structure with seven different angles comprising of monofilament elastomeric polyurethane (PU) core with two wrap materials that include multifilament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres were investigated and analysed. The mechanically stable 2D woven textile auxetic fabrics (AF) with various weave patterns such as 2/2 matt and 3/1 twill were developed from the auxetic yarn with PU elastomer core having maximum NPR effect of −1.70 using lower wrapped angle of 9° to study and compare their mechanical responses. The auxetic yarn was used in weft direction and multifilament UHMWPE yarn in warp direction, using semi-automatic loom. Auxeticity of AF was analysed and its various mechanical properties such tensile strength, impact energy absorption, in-plane, and out-of-plane auxeticity, and puncture resistance were studied. Higher energy absorption of 84 Nm for matt fabric was seen compared to twill fabric having an energy of 65 Nm. The puncture resistance capability of matt fabric was better than twill fabric. While twill fabric exhibited better auxetic effect in both in-plane and out-of-plane mode compared to matt fabric. In short, both the twill and matt design AF’s showed unique characteristics which are beneficial in making various protective textiles such as protective helmets, bullet proof shields, cut resistance gloves, blast resistant curtains, and puncture tolerant elastomeric composites.}, journal={Textiles}, author={Shah, Arif Ali and Shahid, Muhammad and Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmad and YNawab and Iqbal, Mazhar}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{ahmad_moeed_tariq_nawab_farooq_umair_2022, title={Effect of Hybridization Approach on Mechanical Performance of Jute-hemp/epoxy Hybrid Composite Laminates}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/52392184/}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2022.2064398}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT In this study, four-layered hybrid jute-hemp/epoxy composite laminates were fabricated by increasing and decreasing the number of layers of both jute and hemp reinforcements during stacking. Two jute(J) and hemp(H) controlled i.e., A(0J4H) and E(4J0H) and three jute(J)-hemp(H) hybrid i.e., B(1J3H), C(2J2H) and D(3J1H), composite laminates were fabricated. Composites were fabricated by hand layup followed by compression molding technique, and different mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, Charpy and drop weight impact) were performed. Results showed that hemp/epoxy laminate A(0J4H) revealed the highest tensile, flexural, Charpy and drop weight impact testing results followed by three hybrid composite laminates i.e., B(1J3H), C(2J2H) and D(3J1H), respectively. In hybrid composites, trend of mechanical properties was increased with the increase in number of plies of hemp reinforcements. The least mechanical testing results were presented by the E(4J0H) laminate because it was comprised of only four plies of jute reinforcement. Drop weight impact tested samples revealed that hybrid laminates C(2J2H) showed the least damage area in comparison with others due to the presence of equal number of jute and hemp plies. Also, within the same time duration, the highest force value was achieved along with less displacement by A(0J4H) laminate during drop weight impact test.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Ahmad, A. and Moeed, A. and Tariq, A. and Nawab, Y. and Farooq, M.U. and Umair, M.}, year={2022} }
 @article{rehman_shaker_nawab_2022, title={Effect of PEEK Particles on Physiomechanical Behavior of Carbon/Epoxy Composite}, volume={2022}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85126339626&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1155/2022/8161684}, abstractNote={The inherently brittle nature and the susceptibility to impact damage hinder the use of carbon/epoxy composite in some areas. In this study, poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) microparticles were incorporated to increase the resistance to delamination and interlaminar fracture toughness. A hand lay-up technique followed by compression molding was used to fabricate composite. The influence of PEEK particles was evaluated by tensile, flexural, short beam shear (SBS), compression, and Charpy impact test. The Barcol hardness, density, fiber volume fraction, and void content were also determined. According to the result, a maximum improvement in the tensile and flexural strength was observed for 2% incorporation of PEEK particles. However, there is downturn found in the flexural modulus. Moreover, a notable increment in the matrix-dominated properties (short beam shear, compression, and Charpy impact strength) was found with the addition of the PEEK particles.}, journal={International Journal of Polymer Science}, author={Rehman, M.M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022} }
 @article{ahmad_hussain_nawab_salamat_2022, title={Effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon/epoxy composites}, volume={56}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85118581060&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/00219983211052615}, abstractNote={ Tremendous development in electronic devices and their indiscriminate use has created a severe problem of electromagnetic pollution. Different types of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures are used to protect electronic devices from the harmful effect of electromagnetic pollution. A present study was conducted to compare the effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures (CFRC). Composites structures were developed using different dielectric and magnetic nanofillers. Effect of nanofillers on microwave absorption properties and reduction in electromagnetic pollution was investigated. Relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness in L, S, C, and X-frequency range was also studied. Among the dielectric nanofillers, silicon carbide showed excellent EMI SE in X-frequency range, while among magnetic nanofillers, zinc oxide showed excellent EMI shielding characteristics in a broad frequency range of 100 MHz to 13.6 GHz. Among magnetic nanofillers, CFRC with zinc oxide nanofillers showed the lowest skin depth value of 3.32 × 10−4 mm and among dielectric nanofiller, CFRC with silicon carbide nanofillers gave the lowest skin depth value of 6.49 × 10−4 mm, implying their excellent potential in EMI shielding applications. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Ahmad, H.S. and Hussain, T. and Nawab, Y. and Salamat, S.}, year={2022}, pages={69–82} }
 @article{hussain_imad_nawab_saouab_herbelot_kanit_2022, title={Effect of matrix and hybrid reinforcement on fibre metal laminates under low–velocity impact loading}, volume={288}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85125223072&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115371}, abstractNote={This study aims to investigate the effect of matrix and hybrid reinforcement on Low–Velocity Impact LVI behaviour of Fibre Metal Laminates FMLs. The matrix was epoxy and Poly–Vinyl Butyral PVB, while the reinforcement was produced by sandwiching 3D–woven jute core with plain–woven skin. The plain–woven fabric was made with jute, aramid and carbon fibres. A drop weight impact test was performed for the evaluation of LVI performance. The behaviour of different FMLs was determined by comparing the pattern of curves, cross–section of damaged samples, x–ray computed tomography and crack progression phenomenon. The epoxy–based FMLs showed poor LVI response and suffered perforation due to its brittleness. The PVB–based FMLs showed higher impact resistance due to high toughness and plasticity, and had a higher impact force, lower damage, and more residual deflection. Even PVB based 100% jute reinforced FMLs performed well than hybrid reinforced FMLs made with epoxy. The tomography analysis showed that the PVB had better characteristics to be used with hybrid reinforcement due to high toughness. Among the hybrid reinforcements, the aramid/3D–jute reinforcement offered high resistance to deformation as compared to carbon/3D jute reinforcement. The FMLs made with PVB and aramid/3D–jute reinforcement showed overall superior LVI performance.}, journal={Composite Structures}, author={Hussain, M. and Imad, A. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A. and Herbelot, C. and Kanit, T.}, year={2022} }
 @article{nazir_javaid_shaker_nawab_hussain_umair_2022, title={Effect of picking sequence on thermo-physiological comfort of bilayer woven fabrics}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85124819080&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1108/RJTA-10-2021-0120}, abstractNote={
Purpose
This paper aims to develop bilayer woven fabrics with different picking sequences with enhanced comfort without any change in the constituent materials.
}, journal={Research Journal of Textile and Apparel}, author={Nazir, M.U. and Javaid, M.U. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Hussain, T. and Umair, M.}, year={2022} }
 @article{rehman_shaker_nawab_2022, title={Effect of poly ether ether ketone particles on v-notched shear and drop weight impact behavior of carbon/epoxy composite}, volume={43}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127523008&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/pc.26612}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Polymer Composites}, author={Rehman, M.M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={3219–3227} }
 @article{effect of shear thickening fluid on mechanical properties of para-aramid fabrics_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/55342359/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2022.2149680}, abstractNote={Abstract Shear thickening fluids (STF) are the materials of future to be used in numerous high-tech applications, including protection against impact. The researchers have investigated the effect of particle size and their shape on the impact resistance of fabrics using the fixed concentration of particles for STF preparation. In addition to particle shape and size, particle concentration may be an important factor that can contribute to the yarn-to-yarn friction and ultimately enhancing their impact resistance. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical performance of para-aramid fabric treated with non-Newtonian STF made by using three diffrent percentages of silica particles. The para-aramid fabric was impregnated with STF and needle penetration, tensile strength, and energy absorption were checked in dry and wet state. The microparticles percentage in STF has a direct relation with the mechanical performance of samples. Fabric impregnated in STF with 7% of silica microparticles has higher tensile strength puncture resistance, and impact resistance, 1.4, 3 and 1.75 times respectively as compared to the fabric sample without STF.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, year={2022} }
 @article{effect of surface treatment on the performance of composite-composite and composite-metal adhesive joints_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53516057/}, DOI={10.1002/PC.26940}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Polymer Composites}, year={2022} }
 @article{ahmad_hussain_nawab_salamat_2022, title={Effect of various dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on microwave absorption properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites structures}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127304233&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.263}, abstractNote={Carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional composite (CFRC) structures were developed by impregnating various dielectric and magnetic nanofillers at a 2% loading concentration of the weight of the matrix. Microwave absorption properties were studied in a broad frequency range of 0.1–13.6 GHz covering the L, S, C, and X frequency ranges. The variation of radar absorption properties with frequency were studied in detail. The effect of dielectric and magnetic materials on microwave absorption properties was also investigated. The results shows that the microwave absorption properties increases with increasing the measuring frequency and maximum absorption was at X frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz). The Dielectric nanoparticles showed better absorption properties compared with magnetic nanoparticles. Among dielectric nanoparticles, silicon carbide showed maximum reflection loss properties of −15.32 dB with an absorptance value of 97.06%. Among magnetic nanoparticles, ferric oxide showed a maximum reflection loss of −9.14 dB with an absorptance value of 87.81%. The addition of nanoparticles significantly improved the complex permittivity, permeability, and loss tangent properties.}, number={14}, journal={Ceramics International}, author={Ahmad, H.S. and Hussain, T. and Nawab, Y. and Salamat, S.}, year={2022}, pages={19882–19890} }
 @article{umair_shaker_javaid_hussain_kashif_nawab_2022, title={Effect of weaving patterns on damage resistance of 3D woven jointless T and H shaped reinforcements}, volume={29}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85083635159&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/15376494.2020.1751356}, abstractNote={Abstract Owing to the presence of yarns in three dimensions, 3D woven structures have better through thickness mechanical properties and find applications in aerospace, sports, construction, and automotive industries. Joining in thermoset composite is a complex subject and joints are the weakest part of a composite structure due to the discontinuity of fibers. One of the solutions to such problems is development of 3D woven jointless shaped fabrics. The current work aimed to investigate damage resistance of jointless 3D woven T and H shaped fabrics developed using four basic weaving patterns. These structures include orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through-thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL) and angle interlock through-thickness (ATT). Four layered samples, having equal thread density, were prepared on Dobby loom using jute yarn. Testing was done on ZwickRoell UTM. The maximum force to rupture was exhibited by shaped fabric woven with OLL design followed by ATT, OTT, and ALL. The poor performance of ALL was due to the pulling out of stitching yarns rather than breakage. The least deformation against applied force was exhibited by the structure with OTT design, due to the presence of two truly vertical orthogonal binding/interlocking yarns. Furthermore, the OLL woven shapes showed the highest value of work done during fracture depicting its toughness as compared to the other multilayer shapes.}, number={1}, journal={Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures}, author={Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Javaid, M.U. and Hussain, M. and Kashif, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={104–117} }
 @article{shah_shahid_hardy_siddiqui_kennedy_gul_rehman_ynawab_2022, title={Effects of Braid Angle and Material Modulus on the Negative Poisson’s Ratio of Braided Auxetic Yarns}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131257340&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/cryst12060781}, abstractNote={Fibers and textiles are ubiquitous in our daily lives, with mechanical properties that match the design specifications for the task for which they are intended; the development of yarns with a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is a hot topic of current research, owing to their potential for use in high-performance textiles (e.g., military, sports, etc.). This study described a simple approach to constructing braided, helically interlaced yarns. When a torque is applied, the yarns prevent the wrapped component from dislodging from the core. The geometry and auxetic behavior of the braided helical structure was analyzed for two different combinations of core materials with similar wrap materials and different braiding angles. Two elastomeric materials (polyurethane (PU) and polyester) served as monofilament cores, while two stiffer multifilament wrap yarns (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) served as wrap yarns. In addition, the behavior of yarns braided at seven different angles was investigated to determine the materials’ response to the applied braided configuration’s NPR. The NPR was influenced by the core and wrap materials used and the braiding angle. The NPR value was greater for a core comprising more excellent elasticity (e.g., PU versus polyester); a smaller wrap angle and a slower braiding speed also led to a higher NPR value. The maximum NPR value of −1.70 was obtained using a PU core wrapped at a 9° angle and a strain value of 0.5.}, number={6}, journal={Crystals}, author={Shah, Arif A. and Shahid, Muhammad and Hardy, John George and Siddiqui, Naveed A. and Kennedy, Andrew R. and Gul, Iftikhar H. and Rehman, Shafi Ur and YNawab}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Fruit, Seed and Leaf Fibers}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127737028&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_3}, abstractNote={The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. The fibers extracted from leaf, seed and fruit have been discussed in this chapter. Some of the fibers included here are those extracted from Kapok, Brazil nut, Coconut, Borassus fruit, Tamarind fruit, Empty fruit bunch, Agave, New Zealand Flax, Pineapple, Piassava, Palm, etc. The origin, fiber extraction techniques, subsequent processes, cellulose content and some properties of these fibers are detailed in subsequent sections. Majority of these fibers cannot be spun into yarns to produce textiles; however these fibers have been explored by researchers as reinforcement material with different matrix systems. Some details of developed composites are also included in this chapter.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={21–32} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Green Composite Solutions}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127796429&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_1}, abstractNote={The environmental concerns have forced the material scientists to develop environment friendly materials for various applications. The term “green” is used to describe the materials that are renewable and biodegradable. This chapter covers the different aspects of green composites, including their need, advantages, limitations, research trends, different solutions available and applications. The constituents: fibers and matrix preferred for green composite are discussed briefly. Fabrication techniques commonly used for these composites and their degradation behavior is also explained. The key challenges and applications of these composites are summarized at the end.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{umair_hussain_shaker_nawab_2022, title={Impact Performance of Three-dimensional Woven Composites with Novel Binding Yarn Patterns}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85129338950&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2022.2064399}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This research offered an experimental examination of the effect of binder yarns, and 3D woven patterns on impact (Charpy and drop weight impact), and compression after impact (CAI) performance of seven (07) different kinds of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites. Along with four (04) typical classifications of 3D woven reinforcements i.e., OLL, OTT, ALL, ATT, and three (03) novel (hybrid) 3D reinforcements i.e., H1 (OTT and ATT interlocking pattern), H2 (OTT and ALL interlocking pattern), H3 (OLL warp and weft interlocks “bidirectional”) were also developed on dobby weaving machine. OTT composite displayed the highest amount of impact strength during Charpy impact in both in-plane directions i.e., warp and weft in comparison with others due to the existence of the truly vertical binder yarns which is comparable with H1. While ALL sample exhibited the highest value of maximum load, work done, and energy absorbed during the 3 J and 6 J drop weight impact energies which is nearest comparable with hybrid 3 (H3) composite. H3 composite sample revealed the highest value of compression after impact (CAI) stress and modulus in both energy levels due to the presence of both warp and weft binder yarns in a single 3D structure.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Umair, M. and Hussain, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022} }
 @article{azam_jamshaid_nawab_mishra_muller_choteborsky_kolar_tichy_petru_2022, title={Influence of inlay yarn type and stacking sequence on mechanical performance of knitted uni-directional thermoplastic composite prepregs}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/30970309/}, DOI={10.1177/1528083720947727}, abstractNote={ The aim of this study is to develop and investigate mechanical properties of knitted unidirectional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Knitted prepregs were fabricated by using thermoplastic yarns (high density polyethylene and polypropylene) and high performance yarns (kevlar, basalt and carbon) in double jersey inlay structure. This is a new approach to combine the reinforcing fiber with resin forming thermoplastic fiber during the knitting operation. The structures were stacked further in three stacking sequences at different angles (0/0/0/0, 0/90/0/90, 0/90/90/0), and hot compression was used to convert them into composite prepregs by melting the thermoplastic component. Mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact energy absorbed etc. were investigated in detail. Full factorial experimental design was used in order to study the effect of main yarn, inlay yarn and direction of stacking/plying on mechanical properties of composites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted by Minitab 17 software to estimate the significance of testing direction (T), type of inlay yarn (I), type of main yarn (M) and stacking sequence (S) on mechanical properties. Overall highest tensile and flexural strengths were observed for Carbon fiber based samples followed by Kevlar and Basalt respectively. Theoretical estimation of elastic modulus shows similar trend as the experimental results. The inter-laminar shear strength is maximum when the fiber orientation changes in each layer. Type of main yarn and inlay yarn have significant contribution on impact related properties. Depending upon type of material, these composites can be used in aerospace, automotive, civil and sports goods. }, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Azam, Z. and Jamshaid, H. and Nawab, Y. and Mishra, R. and Muller, M. and Choteborsky, R. and Kolar, V. and Tichy, M. and Petru, M.}, year={2022} }
 @article{investigating the thermo-physiological comfort properties of weft-knitted smart structures having a negative poisson's ratio_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/55418584/}, DOI={10.1155/2022/1896634}, abstractNote={Smart auxetic structures are gaining attention in various areas such as architecture, clothing (sports and protective), civil, and medical applications owing to their negative Poisson’s ratio. Compared to ordinary structures, these structures have better properties (shear resistance, formability, energy absorbance, and robust fracture strength). Auxetic structures show the exceptional property of becoming wider in one direction when stretched from another direction. In this research, three different auxetic weft-knitted structures were fabricated using nylon, polyester, acrylic, and cotton yarns on a Shima Seiki flat-knitting machine. The physical properties, negative Poisson’s ratio, and thermo-physiological comfort properties of these fabrics were checked. Negative Poisson’s ratio strain curves of the developed fabrics were plotted; all fabrics, except for nylon, show the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). The NPR decreases with increased strain in the longitudinal direction, and polyester exhibits a maximum value of NPR −0.4 in line structure at 30 mm extension. Results also revealed that structures made with nylon and polyester yarns exhibit a better value of air permeability than acrylic and cotton, while acrylic provides the best thermal resistance values than other materials in line structure and polyester yarn shows better overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) performance in zigzag structures.}, journal={Advances in Materials Science and Engineering}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Lignocellulosic Fiber Structure}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127830927&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_2}, abstractNote={The composition of lignocellulosic fibers varies greatly in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. The proportions of these components vary with plant fiber specie. The cellulose is a linear macromolecule, and a number of cellulose chains form a microfibril. These microfibrils are arranged at certain angles in the plant cell wall and cemented by hemicellulose and lignin. This chapter discusses the classification of conventional fibers, comparison of their composition, and explains the structure of plant fibers. The chemical composition of lignocellulosic components in also briefly discussed in this chapter. Finally, the novel lignocellulosic fibers explored by researchers from secondary plants are classified, while their details are discussed in subsequent chapters.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={11–19} }
 @article{umair_hamdani_hussain_nawab_2022, title={Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/30452387/}, DOI={10.1177/1528083720948025}, abstractNote={ Green composites have ecofriendly features that are technically and economically feasible while minimizing the pollution. It refers to the combination of degradable fibers mostly cellulosic materials and natural resins to develop green composites. Since mechanical performance of such structures is a concern for industry, by playing with the position and pattern of yarns in woven fabric, these properties can be optimized. This research focuses on the development and characterization of novel 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites having hybrid interlocking patterns. Four conventional derivatives of 3D woven fabrics i.e. orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL), angle interlock through thickness (ATT) and three novel 3D woven fabrics i.e. H1 (combination of OTT and ATT binder yarns), H2 (combination of OTT and ALL binder yarns), H3 (combination of orthogonal layer to layer warp and weft interlock called as bi-directional interlock) were developed using different binding patterns on dobby loom. Tensile, flexural, and short beam shear tests were performed to check the mechanical performance of the developed composites. OTT composite structure showed the highest values of tensile strength, modulus, and maximum force both in warp and weft directions as compared to the other 3D interlock structures, due to least interlacement/crimp of binder yarn. While ATT composite exhibited the highest value of flexural strength and modulus both in warp and weft directions due to through thickness angle binder yarns. H3 composite showed the highest values of force and short beam shear strength in warp direction. }, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Hussain, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022} }
 @article{arif_nawab_shaker_umair_2022, title={Mechanical performance of flame retardant and antibacterial glass-carbon/epoxy hybrid composites for furniture applications}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85126011388&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/15280837221080185}, abstractNote={ Generally, carbon and glass fibers based composites are used in high-tech end products, but these are not preferred in indoor, outdoor and hygienic furniture applications due to microorganisms attack and prone to fire. In the first section of the research, different percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles were added in epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to enhance their flame retardancy (FR) and mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and short beam shear). In the second section, different percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were mixed in the epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to optimize their antibacterial activity and mechanical performance. 15% concentration of ZrP particles exhibited the maximum flame retardancy and mechanical performance in composites, and 1.5% concentration of ZnO particles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity along with improved mechanical performance. In the third section, two (02) pure glass and carbon, and two (02) glass-carbon/carbon-glass hybrid composites were made with optimized concentrations of both ZrP and ZnO particles. Carbon/epoxy (H2) composite showed the highest mechanical properties in comparison with glass and hybrid composites due to the presence of four layers of carbon reinforcement. These functional hybrid composite-based furniture products can be used in indoor, hygienic (hospitals, schools, and offices), and outdoor furniture applications. }, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Arif, S. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M.}, year={2022} }
 @article{mode i fatigue of fibre reinforced polymeric composites: a review_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53951426/}, DOI={10.3390/POLYM14214558}, abstractNote={Composites are macroscopic combinations of chemically dissimilar materials preferred for new high-tech applications where mechanical performance is an area of interest. Mechanical apprehensions chiefly include tensile, creep, and fatigue loadings; each loading comprises different modes. Fatigue is cyclic loading correlated with stress amplitude and the number of cycles while defining the performance of a material. Composite materials are subject to various modes of fatigue loading during service life. Such loadings cause micro invisible to severe visible damage affecting the material’s performance. Mode I fatigue crack propagates via opening lamina governing a visible tear. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about finding new ways to reduce delamination failure, a life-reducing aspect of composites. This review focuses on mode I fatigue behaviours of various preforms and factors determining failures considering different reinforcements with respect to fibres and matrix failures. Numerical modelling methods for life prediction of composites while subjected to fatigue loading are reviewed. Testing techniques used to verify the fatigue performance of composite under mode I load are also given. Approaches for composites’ life enhancement against mode I fatigue loading have also been summarized, which could aid in developing a well-rounded understanding of mode I fatigue behaviours of composites and thus help engineers to design composites with higher interlaminar strength.}, journal={Polymers}, year={2022} }
 @article{ilyas_yusoff_alias_rizal_hassan_zainudin_sapuan_sharma_bangar_jumaidin_et al._2022, title={Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications}, volume={14}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/202}, DOI={10.3390/polym14010202}, abstractNote={Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gained greater attention as ecological consciousness has grown since they have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. PLA-based composites with natural fiber have been extensively utilized in a variety of applications, from packaging to medicine, due to their biodegradable, recyclable, high mechanical strength, low toxicity, good barrier properties, friendly processing, and excellent characteristics. A summary of natural fibers, green composites, and PLA, along with their respective properties, classification, functionality, and different processing methods, are discussed to discover the natural fiber-reinforced PLA composite material development for a wide range of applications. This work also emphasizes the research and properties of PLA-based green composites, PLA blend composites, and PLA hybrid composites over the past few years. PLA’s potential as a strong material in engineering applications areas is addressed. This review also covers issues, challenges, opportunities, and perspectives in developing and characterizing PLA-based green composites.}, number={1}, journal={Polymers}, author={Ilyas, R.A. and Yusoff, Mohd Zuhri Mohamed and Alias, Aisyah Humaira and Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad and Hassan, S. A. and Zainudin, Edi Syams and Sapuan, S. M. and SHARMA, SHUBHAM and Bangar, Sneh and Jumaidin, Ridhwan and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{numerical modeling of suspension impregnation through a fibrous medium: application to the crtm process_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54411709/}, DOI={10.1177/07316844221142017}, abstractNote={ In this article, a numerical model dedicated to the impregnation modeling of a fibrous medium by a particle-filled resin (suspension) is proposed. It allows to simulate and analyze the mold filling with a particle-filled resin during the Compression Resin Transfer Molding (CRTM) process at a given compression speed and compaction force. As per our knowledge, no such work with this last compression mode has already been reported in the literature. The simulation results of our approach were compared with the analytical as well as experimental results, and found in agreement. With an objective to analyze the effect of the process parameters on the suspension flow, particularly on the final distribution of the particles in the developed composite, a detailed parametric study was done. Finally, a comparison between the injection and compression modes is conducted and discussed. The obtained results demonstrate that the particle volume per mold cavity volume depends on the initial concentration, the distance traveled, and the initial volume fraction of the fiber, while it is independent of parameters values of injection and compression. It was also observed that the imposed pressure injection and the imposed force compression are the most favorable to produce composite parts using CRTM. }, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, year={2022} }
 @article{optimization of flame retardancy & mechanical performance of jute-glass/epoxy hybrid composites_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54391768/}, DOI={10.1007/S12221-022-4049-8}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, year={2022} }
 @article{zeeshan_ali_riaz_anjum_nawab_qadir_ahmad_2022, title={Optimizing the Auxetic Geometry Parameters in Few Yarns Based Auxetic Woven Fabrics for Enhanced Mechanical Properties Using Grey Relational Analysis}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34202219/}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2020.1870611}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 2D woven auxetic fabrics (AF) developed by weave design modification provide a continuous, commercial, and low-cost manufacturing process for high strength and stable auxetic structures. However, AFs developed by previous methods have a highly folded surface, which is problematic in printing, laminating, and stitching. For the first time, we studied the auxeticity in a few yarn-based auxetic structures, which provides a uniform surface texture. Reentrant honey-comb geometry was chosen to fabricate auxetic woven fabrics, as such geometry shows the best auxetic nature. Different parameters of auxetic geometry were optimized based on their mechanical response using the statistical tool: gray relational analysis (GRA). The mechanical properties of AFs were compared with conventional (3/1 twill woven) non-auxetic fabric (NAF), having the same specifications. The smaller unit cell (3E) with a reorientation area of 4P showed optimum auxeticity and mechanical properties. The optimized auxetic structure showed superior mechanical properties as compared to conventional fabric. GRA grade of optimized AF was 67.3% higher than the NAF. Most importantly, the tensile strength was 23% higher for optimized AF structure. The bidimensional energy dissipation ability of the AF provides a key advantage in the superior mechanical response.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Zeeshan, M. and Ali, M. and Riaz, R. and Anjum, A.S. and Nawab, Y. and Qadir, M.B. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Performance of Green Composites}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127741900&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_6}, abstractNote={The lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composite materials exhibit comparable specific properties to those reinforced with synthetic fibers. These composites are advantageous in terms of their biodegradability, annual renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the green composites are not suitable to replace their synthetic counterparts due to some noteworthy limitations including moisture absorption, high flammability, thermal degradation, inconsistent fiber properties, etc. This chapter focusses on the mechanical properties of some green composites, reinforced with novel lignocellulosic fibers. The limitations of these composites (moisture absorption, thermal stability, flammability and biodegradation) and their potential remedies are discussed later in the chapter.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={57–65} }
 @book{ahmad_nawab_rasheed_2022, title={Preface}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127824782&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/B978-0-08-012822-1.50004-8}, journal={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Ahmad, S. and Nawab, Y. and Rasheed, A.}, year={2022}, pages={vii} }
 @article{uddin_ahmad_ullan_nawab_ahmad_azam_rasheed_zafar_2022, title={Recent trends in water purification using electrospun nanofibrous membranes}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/49048362/}, DOI={10.1007/S13762-021-03603-9}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology}, author={Uddin, Z. and Ahmad, F. and Ullan, T. and Nawab, Y. and Ahmad, S. and Azam, F. and Rasheed, A. and Zafar, M.S.}, year={2022} }
 @article{the role and applications of aerogels in textiles_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54109760/}, DOI={10.1155/2022/2407769}, abstractNote={Textiles have been used for clothing purposes since ancient times. However, due to their functional properties, their importance—as well as their use in various fields such as filtration, protective clothing, and medical applications—increased over time. Properties of the textile fabrics depend mostly on the fiber type, fabrication technique, and structure. Moreover, fabric porosity is one of the properties that provide comfort, increased thermal insulation, and filtration capability to the end products. The porous structure of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics has been used for many years to get the desired porosity. Usually, macroporous structures are achieved using these types of textiles. Electrospinning is used to produce nanoporous textile fibrous web, but its poor mechanical properties and low production rate limit its use. Aerogels are solid materials with ultrahigh porosity at the nanoscale with low density and good thermal insulation properties, due to which they are considered potential insulation materials today. On the other hand, pure aerogels are sometimes brittle and have poor mechanical properties. Thus, they cannot be directly used in various applications. Consequently, textile reinforced aerogel composites have been developed, which could provide flexibility and strength to aerogels and impart nanoporous structure to textiles. This review summarizes conventional techniques to produce the porous structure in textiles followed by the modern techniques to develop a nanoporous structure. Further, different mechanisms to synthesize textile reinforced aerogel composites are discussed to get a nanoporous structure for filtration and thermal insulation applications. The porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation of textile reinforced aerogel composites are also highlighted. In the end, we give a conclusion that not only summarizes the literature, but also includes recommendations for the researchers.}, journal={Advances in Materials Science and Engineering}, year={2022} }
 @article{umair_javaid_nawab_jabbar_riaz_abid_shaker_2022, title={Thermal properties of woven fabric as a function of its structural parameters: experimentation and modeling}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85124462558&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1108/RJTA-10-2021-0123}, abstractNote={
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the influence of picking sequence, weave design and weft yarn material on the thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics.
}, journal={Research Journal of Textile and Apparel}, author={Umair, M. and Javaid, M.U. and Nawab, Y. and Jabbar, M. and Riaz, S. and Abid, H.A. and Shaker, K.}, year={2022} }
 @article{nazir_shaker_nawab_hamdani_abdullah_umair_2022, title={Thermo-physiological Comfort of Woven Fabrics Made from Different Cellulosic Yarns}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/31185776/}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2020.1852997}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Cellulose is the most abundant substance existing in the form of plants on the earth. These fibers are obtained either directly or indirectly from the seed, leaves, stem, or wood of plants. Cellulosic fibers are preferred for apparels owing to their abundance, ease of processing, biodegradation, and compatible with the human body in terms of better moisture management, thermal regulation, and tactile comfort. In this study, woven fabric made of four different cellulosic yarns, i.e. cotton, bamboo, tencel, and viscose were produced, and their thermo-physiological comfort properties were compared. The linear density of yarns, and thread density and weave structure (3/1 twill) of all the fabrics were kept constant on the weaving machine. Air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management tests were carried out to analyze their thermo-physiological comfort properties. The results showed that cotton fabric showed higher air permeability and thermal resistance as compared to other cellulosic fabrics. Whereas the moisture management properties of tencel fabric were superior to the rest of cellulosic fabrics. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic materials on air permeability and moisture management properties of the woven fabrics was found statistically significant.}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Nazir, M.U. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Abdullah, H.M. and Umair, M.}, year={2022} }
 @article{three-dimensional printable metamaterial intramedullary nails with tunable strain for the treatment of long bone fractures_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54391767/}, DOI={10.1016/J.MATDES.2022.110942}, abstractNote={Novel metamaterial unit cells with tunable strain were incorporated into titanium intramedullary (IM) nails to overcome problems of dense metallic implants. Three-dimensional (3D) models of cylindrical, pillar, and reference metamaterials were tuned and analyzed for structural authentication. Further, one solid IM nail (S0) and four different cylindrical metamaterial cell IM nails with gap sizes of 0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.45 mm, and 0.60 mm were used to achieve 5% (S1), 10% (S2), 15% (S3), and 20% (S4) strain, respectively, in a 3-mm fracture, to investigate the healing outcomes. The bending stiffness (callus quality) in the S2 metamaterial IM nail increased by 22% between the 7th and 16th iterations, whereas for the S0, S1, S3, and S4 IM nails, the increases were 5.6%, 8.1%, 12.4%, and 9.0%, respectively. The S2 IM nail exhibited the best healing and bending stiffness; however, the S0 IM nail exhibited the worst results. This unique design was customized for different fracture gap sizes according to patient-specific needs.}, journal={Materials & Design}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2022, title={Wood and Agriculture Waste Fibers}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127831469&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_5}, abstractNote={The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. This chapter is focused on the fibers obtained from wood and agriculture waste. The wood fibers have a vast potential for being used as reinforcement to get composites for non-structural applications. The agriculture waste fibers are either obtained from yard trimmings, husk, bagasse or bark of the plant. Traditionally majority of agrowaste is either burnt or land filled. Focus on fiber extraction from agrowaste may be regarded a step towards circularity and sustainability. All these fiber categories are discussed in this chapter. The fiber chemical composition and some specific properties are also compared for these fibers.}, booktitle={SpringerBriefs in Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2022}, pages={45–55} }
 @article{umair_hamdani_nawab_asghar_hussain_2021, title={Compression and recovery behavior of three-dimensional woven spacer composites}, volume={51}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073922356&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083719874477}, abstractNote={ Three-dimensional woven spacer composites have great potential for use in different parts of automobiles and construction application due to their better mechanical performance. In literature, time-dependent compression and recovery behavior of three-dimensional woven spacer composites was not studied. In this study, three-dimensional woven spacer composites (three thickness levels) were evaluated under static and dynamic (time-dependent) compression and recovery. The static compressive strength of composites was reduced with the increase in sample thickness. Also, the highest amount of energy was absorbed during the fracture of 4 mm (Comp4) thick composite, followed by 10 mm (Comp10) and 20 mm (Comp20) thick composites. Compressibility (%) and resiliency (%) was highest in Comp4 but recovery (%) was a bit lower as compared to the Comp10 and Comp20, while recovery (%) was highest in 10 mm thick composite as compared to the 4 mm and 20 mm thick samples. Moreover, higher value of permanent deformation in thickness with time was observed in Comp20 showing higher creep followed by Comp4 and Comp10. Furthermore, Comp4 showed the highest values of work done during cyclic compression loading–unloading testing, presenting highest toughness. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y. and Asghar, M.A. and Hussain, T.}, year={2021}, pages={93–109} }
 @article{ahmed_umair_nawab_hamdani_2021, title={Development of 3D auxetic structures using para-aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns}, volume={112}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85090761755&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2020.1819007}, abstractNote={Abstract In recent times, auxetic woven structures gained considerable attention from the researchers due to their excellent impact properties in high-performance areas. Researchers have done much work on the auxetic behavior of the natural and low-performance yarns in two-dimensional structures. Keeping in view the structural application of auxetic structures, in this work, three-dimensional (3D) woven auxetic fabrics were developed on conventional weaving machines with high-performance yarns. Effect of high-performance yarns (Para-aramid and UHMWPE) as the main structure and binding threads on the auxeticity of 3D fabric structures and the impact properties of their corresponding composites were discussed. For this purpose, eight different orthogonal 3D woven structures were produced with para-aramid filament yarn as warp and weft, whereas ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filament yarn was used as a binder. The tensile load was applied to the 3D fabrics to check their auxeticity, and a change in thickness was recorded. The results showed that as the float length of binder yarn and warp yarn increases with the equal and same ratio, the auxeticity also increases. While auxeticity decreases as the difference between the float length of binder yarn and warp yarn increases. The Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) of 3D woven fabrics ranged from −0.9 to −2.98. In the second step, these 3D woven fabrics were fabricated into their composites using unsaturated polyester resin, and the hand-layup technique. Their impact strength was measured using the Charpy test method. Auxetic woven composites made of high-performance yarns structures showed impact strength ranging from 55.64 kJ/m2 to 158.46 kJ/m2. Highlights High-performance yarns (Para-aramid and Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) were used to create eight 3D woven and composite samples with enhanced auxetic behavior. The result shows that samples having maximum binding yarn float length and fewer intersection points show maximum auxeticity and increased energy absorption. The maximum auxeticity and impact energy absorption obtained was -2.98 and 158.46 kJ/m2, respectively. The current research has applications in protective textiles and bulletproof composite panels.}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Ahmed, H.I. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y. and Hamdani, S.T.A.}, year={2021}, pages={1417–1427} }
 @article{zubair_shakir_afzal_rehan_nawab_2021, title={Effect of Barium Hexaferrites and Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide on EMI Shielding Properties in Polymer Composites}, volume={34}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85091099585&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10948-020-05669-x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism}, author={Zubair, K. and Shakir, M.F. and Afzal, A. and Rehan, Z.A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={201–210} }
 @article{shaker_umair_hamdani_nawab_2021, title={Effect of Fabric Structure on the Performance of 3D Woven Pressure Sensor}, volume={22}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85101912002&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-021-0371-9}, number={3}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={847–853} }
 @article{khan_umair_hussain_nawab_2021, title={Effect of Micro-fillers on the Performance of Thermoplastic Para Aramid Composites for Impact Applications}, volume={22}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85107504646&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-021-0370-x}, number={11}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Khan, M.I. and Umair, M. and Hussain, R. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={3120–3134} }
 @article{nasreen_shaker_nawab_2021, title={Effect of surface treatments on metal–composite adhesive bonding for high-performance structures: an overview}, volume={28}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85099543232&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/09276440.2020.1870192}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Composite materials are being preferred in automobile, aerospace, naval, and construction applications due to flexibility of design, their high strength to weight ratio, and high fracture toughness. Since the majority of today’s structures is hybrid, i.e., made by a combination of metals and composites, the joining of these two remains a big industrial issue. For composite–metal joining, different techniques have been reported such as adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening, and a combination of these, etc. Surface modification of metal, composite, and adhesive are done to improve bonding between them. This paper provides an overview of various surface pre-treatments required on metals, composite and adhesive, the effect of surface treatments on metals and composites, and the strength of joints. In the end, recommendations are provided for the selection of surface treatments for the joining of specific metal and composite. Graphical Abstract}, number={12}, journal={Composite Interfaces}, author={Nasreen, A. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={1221–1256} }
 @article{jabbar_shaker_nawab_umair_2021, title={Effect of the stuffer yarns on the mechanical performance of novel 3D woven green composites}, volume={269}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85106295884&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114023}, abstractNote={Determination of mechanical properties of 3D woven reinforcements is crucial for tailoring the required properties for end application. The current study presents an investigation of the mechanical performance of novel 3D woven composites’ structures. Various 3D woven fabrics with variation in stuffer yarn density were designed, produced and their mechanical properties such as tensile, shear, drop weight impact and compression after impact were investigated. Reinforcements were developed on a modified Dobby loom from flax yarn with four different levels of stuffer yarn densities. Machine modification ensured controlled amount of tension during reinforcement production for similar sets of yarns with similar crimp percentage. Composites were fabricated using these 3D woven fabrics as reinforcement and green epoxy as a matrix. It was observed that the impact and flexural properties are significantly improved by increasing stuffer yarn density.}, journal={Composite Structures}, author={Jabbar, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Umair, M.}, year={2021} }
 @article{umair_hussain_abbas_shaker_nawab_2021, title={Effect of weave architecture and glass microspheres percentage on the low velocity impact response of hemp/green epoxy composites}, volume={55}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85099408934&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0021998320987605}, abstractNote={ Improvement in mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites remain a key focus of researchers in the recent years. However, few studies have been carried out for the improvement in low velocity impact properties of such composites. In the present article, the results on the effect of weave structure of reinforcing fabric and addition of glass microsphere fillers (GMS) on the drop weight impact properties of Hemp/Green epoxy composite samples are reported for the first time. Hemp woven fabrics having four different weave structures (matt, satin, hybrid weave A and hybrid weave B) were developed in an inhouse lab. Four layered composites containing glass microspheres (0%, 2%, 3.5% and 5% on the weight of resin) were fabricated using vacuum bag molding. Drop weight impact testing was performed at 10 J impact energy, and force-displacement, force-time and energy absorbed-time behaviors were recorded and analyzed. The results were statistically analyzed as well. It was found that both weave design and glass microspheres show a significant effect on impact properties of the developed composites. The composite sample reinforced with satin woven reinforcement exhibited maximum value of impact force, whereas composite samples containing 5% glass microspheres display more resilience and stiffness as compared to other structures. }, number={16}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Umair, M. and Hussain, M. and Abbas, Z. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={2179–2195} }
 @article{asghar_imad_nawab_hussain_saouab_2021, title={Effect of yarn singeing and commingling on the mechanical properties of jute/polypropylene composites}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85096792985&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/pc.25868}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Composites}, author={Asghar, M.A. and Imad, A. and Nawab, Y. and Hussain, M. and Saouab, A.}, year={2021}, pages={828–841} }
 @article{jabbar_ahmad_adnan_nawab_javed_irfan_2021, title={Enhanced interlaminar shear and impact performance of woven carbon/epoxy composites interleaved with needle punched high performance polyethylene fiber nonwoven}, volume={138}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85102168267&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/app.50683}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={25}, journal={Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, author={Jabbar, A. and Ahmad, A. and Adnan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Javed, Z. and Irfan, M.}, year={2021} }
 @article{awais_nawab_amjad_anjang_md akil_zainol abidin_2021, title={Environmental benign natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites: A review}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85102895835&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcomc.2020.100082}, abstractNote={The automotive and aerospace industries are in continuous struggle towards the development of lightweight components to improve fuel efficiency. Thermoplastic matrix composites offer distinct advantages in terms of weight reduction, recyclability, specific strength, corrosion resistance, cost-efficiency, and design versatility. Natural fibres owing to their biodegradability, abundance in nature, and low cost not only expand the scope of these materials but also curtail the dependency on petroleum-based products. This review presents a comprehensive state of the art in natural fibres properties; mainly plant fibres, and their use as composite reinforcement followed by the textile technologies used to fabricate the engineered architectures. The review also covers the properties of commonly available thermoplastic matrices and the composite fabrication techniques to enable the selection of the precise material and process for any specific product development. Finally, the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites are reviewed and the key challenges that need to be dealt with are highlighted.}, journal={Composites Part C: Open Access}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Amjad, A. and Anjang, A. and Md Akil, H. and Zainol Abidin, M.S.}, year={2021} }
 @article{zahid_siddique_anum_shakir_nawab_rehan_2021, title={M-Type Barium Hexaferrite-Based Nanocomposites for EMI Shielding Application: a Review}, volume={34}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85103640793&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10948-021-05859-1}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism}, author={Zahid, M. and Siddique, S. and Anum, R. and Shakir, M.F. and Nawab, Y. and Rehan, Z.A.}, year={2021}, pages={1019–1045} }
 @article{ghauri_ijaz_ahmed_muhammad naveed_nawab_javed_ghaffar_2021, title={MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN DOGS}, volume={107}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85104343478&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1645/20-50}, abstractNote={Anaplasmosis is a widespread vector-borne disease affecting dogs, and Anaplasma platys is the major etiological agent of the disease. The study examines anaplasmosis molecular prevalence, related risk factors, and alteration of hematological variables in Anaplasma-affected dogs. A total of 150 blood samples were collected from dogs in the district of Lahore, Pakistan. The samples were screened with PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma. Sequencing of samples that were found positive after performing PCR was conducted. A questionnaire was developed to collect epidemiological data on subject dogs, and the information was analyzed with a logistic regression model using SPSS. The current study revealed an 11.34% (17/150) prevalence of anaplasmosis in dogs based on PCR detection. Tick infestation, previous tick history, house hygiene, and tick control status were major risk factors linked with disease occurrence. Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and platelet count were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in Anaplasma-infected dogs. Phylogenetically, the 2 isolates of the current study clustered together, and that cluster was very similar to A. platys isolates from India, Malaysia, and Thailand.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of parasitology}, author={Ghauri, H.N. and Ijaz, M. and Ahmed, A. and Muhammad Naveed, M.U.A. and Nawab, Y. and Javed, M.U. and Ghaffar, A.}, year={2021}, pages={295–303} }
 @article{fazal_khan_abbas_nawab_younis_2021, title={Machine learning approach for prediction of crimp in cotton woven fabrics}, volume={28}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85101137540&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.17559/TV-20191018180716}, number={1}, journal={Tehnicki Vjesnik}, author={Fazal, M.Z. and Khan, S. and Abbas, M.A. and Nawab, Y. and Younis, S.}, year={2021}, pages={88–95} }
 @article{siddique_abid_shafiq_nawab_wang_shi_saleemi_sun_2021, title={Mode I fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review}, volume={50}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/21363079/}, DOI={10.1177/1528083719858767}, abstractNote={Composite materials are known for their high stiffness and strength at lower weight as compared to conventional structural materials. Recently, there has been a growing interest in finding the new ways to decrease delamination failure, which is a life limiting factor of laminated composites. This review paper emphasizes on the effects of different reinforcement structures on mode I fracture toughness and possible ways to improve fracture toughness. A brief description on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of crack growth has been discussed along with the earlier investigations and recent developments for mode I fracture toughness testing. Factors that affect the fracture toughness are also discussed. A brief knowledge of mode I fracture toughness of traditional and advanced fiber-reinforced composites is given, which could help researchers to understand fracture behaviors of composites and thus, it can help engineers to design composites with higher interlaminar strength.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Siddique, A. and Abid, S. and Shafiq, F. and Nawab, Y. and Wang, H. and Shi, B. and Saleemi, S. and Sun, B.}, year={2021}, pages={1165–1192} }
 @article{bajwa_umair_nawab_rizwan_2021, title={Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry (Morus alba L.)}, volume={32}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85098540094&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11676-020-01268-7}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Forestry Research}, author={Bajwa, G.A. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y. and Rizwan, Z.}, year={2021}, pages={2291–2300} }
 @article{zeeshan_ali_anjum_nawab_2021, title={Optimization of mechanical/thermal properties of glass/flax/waste cotton hybrid composite}, volume={51}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85077234821&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083719891420}, abstractNote={ In quest of finding solutions of high cost and non-biodegradability issues of synthetic fibre-based composites, hybridization of natural fibres is a focused approach recently. The current study is focused to find out the optimized proportion of natural recycled fibre with virgin synthetic fibre which offers maximum mechanical properties with low cost. Synthetic/recycled (glass/waste cotton) and synthetic/natural/recycled (glass/flax/waste cotton) hybrid composites were developed and their mechanical and thermal properties were characterized. First, the mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength, that are most important for structural applications were studied. Second, the coefficient of thermal expansion of developed composites was determined. For optimization of the aforesaid properties of the hybrid composites, a statistical tool, i.e. grey relational analysis, was applied. The grey grades show that with the inclusion of waste cotton fibre, there is no significant decrease in mechanical properties, whereas there is a drastic decrease in cost. Furthermore, utilization of waste fibres in the composites is the best solution, as the poor mechanical properties of waste fibre are not as much pronounced in the composite form, thanks to continuous and strong interface of resin with recycled fibres. }, number={5}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Zeeshan, M. and Ali, M. and Anjum, A.S. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2021}, pages={768–787} }
 @article{hussain_imad_saouab_kanit_nawab_herbelot_kashif_2021, title={Properties and characterization of novel 3D jute reinforced natural fibre aluminium laminates}, volume={55}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85097522717&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0021998320980044}, abstractNote={Fibre metal laminates (FML) are being used in automotive, aerospace and naval applications due to their light weight and superior performance. The FMLs are made by sandwiching composite with metal. The environmental concerns due to non-biodegradability of such structures, lead to the development of FML containing natural fibre composites. Natural fibres composite, despite having good damping properties have overall poor mechanical properties. However, this aspect can be improved by weaving the fibres in 3 D pattern. In literature, FML made using 3 D woven jute composites is never reported. Furthermore, no literature is found on adhesion of natural fibre composite-metal bonding. In this paper, development of novel 3 D Jute Reinforced natural fibre Aluminium Laminates (JuRALs) is reported. Furthermore, the effect of 3 D weaving pattern and metal-composite bonding on mechanical properties and failure mechanism of the developed samples is also discussed in detail. The four-layered 3 D woven Jute fabric reinforcement was made using four interlocking patterns. The composites and JuRALs were fabricated using epoxy resin by vacuum infusion technique. The surface of aluminium was treated using phosphoric acid anodizing. Tensile, flexural and T-peel tests were performed according to ASTM testing method using Z100 All-round, Zwick Roell. The results showed that out of four types of used reinforcements, the through-thickness composites had better tensile properties while layer-to-layer composite had better flexural properties. The tensile and flexural properties of JuRALs made with through-thickness interlock reinforcement were better as compared to layer-to-layer interlock reinforcement. The T-peel results depicted that the constituent materials influenced the metal-composite adhesion properties, rather the type of 3 D structure.}, number={14}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Hussain, M. and Imad, A. and Saouab, A. and Kanit, T. and Nawab, Y. and Herbelot, C. and Kashif, M.}, year={2021}, pages={1879–1891} }
 @article{zubair_ashraf_gulzar_shakir_nawab_rehan_rashid_2021, title={Study of mechanical, electrical and EMI shielding properties of polymer-based nanocomposites incorporating polyaniline coated graphene nanoparticles}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85126560962&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1088/2632-959X/abe843}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Nano Express}, author={Zubair, K. and Ashraf, A. and Gulzar, H. and Shakir, M.F. and Nawab, Y. and Rehan, Z.A. and Rashid, I.A.}, year={2021} }
 @article{ahmad_mushtaq_butt_zafar_ahmad_afzal_ynawab_rasheed_ulker_2021, title={Synthesis and characterization of nonwoven cotton-reinforced cellulose hydrogel for wound dressings}, volume={13}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85119989711&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/polym13234098}, abstractNote={Hydrogels wound dressings have enormous advantages due to their ability to absorb high wound exudate, capacity to load drugs, and provide quick pain relief. The use of hydrogels as wound dressings in their original form is a considerable challenge, as these are difficult to apply on wounds without support. Therefore, the incorporation of polymeric hydrogels with a certain substrate is an emerging field of interest. The present study fabricated cellulose hydrogel using the sol–gel technique and reinforced it with nonwoven cotton for sustainable wound dressing application. The nonwoven cotton was immersed inside the prepared solution of cellulose and heated at 50 °C for 2 h to form cellulose hydrogel–nonwoven cotton composites and characterized for a range of properties. In addition, the prepared hydrogel composite was also loaded with titania particles to attain antibacterial properties. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of cellulose hydrogel layers inside the nonwoven cotton structure. The fabricated composite hydrogels showed good moisture management and air permeability, which are essential for comfortable wound healing. The wound exudate testing revealed that the fluid absorptive capacity of cellulose hydrogel nonwoven cotton composite was improved significantly in comparison to pure nonwoven cotton. The results reveal the successful hydrogel formation, having excellent absorbing, antimicrobial, and sustainable properties.}, number={23}, journal={Polymers}, author={Ahmad, Faheem and Mushtaq, Bushra and Butt, Faaz and Zafar, Muhammad Sohail and Ahmad, Sheraz and Afzal, Ali and YNawab and Rasheed, Abher and Ulker, Zeynep}, year={2021} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_shahid_saouab_2021, title={Thermal expansion coefficient: A macro-scale indicator of particle filtration in composites fabricated by resin infusion}, volume={96}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85100633508&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107083}, abstractNote={Abstract The particle loaded composites are being used widely for tailored properties, however, the particles tend to create concentration gradient along part length during infusion. Keeping in view the limitations of existing characterisation approaches, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is used as a macroscopic tool to measure particle filtration for the first time. Composite plates were fabricated by VIM (Vacuum Infusion Moulding) process from glass woven fabric and vinyl ester resin containing silica microparticles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). CTE was determined at different positions from composite samples. It was found that the CTE was low at the inlet indicating a high particle concentration. A gradual decrease in the particle concentration was observed from the inlet towards the outlet. The variation of CTE due to the gradient of particle concentration was validated using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Both the experimental and numerical results show a similar global trend, i.e. CTE is decreasing with increase in the particle concentration. Hence the CTE can be effectively used as a qualitative tool for the measurement of particle filtration in the composite part produced by vacuum infusion.}, journal={Polymer Testing}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Shahid, S. and Saouab, A.}, year={2021} }
 @article{ahmed_ijaz_ayyub_ghaffar_ghauri_aziz_ali_altaf_awais_naveed_et al._2020, title={Balantidium coli in domestic animals: An emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance}, volume={203}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85077472977&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105298}, abstractNote={Balantidium coli (B. coli) is an emerging ciliated protozoan parasite of zoonotic importance which causes a disease balantidiasis in a variety of host species including pigs, camels, ruminants, equines and even human. This disease has a cosmopolitan distribution with high prevalence rates in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to favorable geo-climatic conditions for the development and survival of the parasite in these regions. Main reservoir hosts for this pathogen are pigs and animals; acquire infection mainly by the ingestion of the food or water contaminated with the porcine feces. The infected animal manifests clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, profuse watery diarrhea and retarded growth. Wet mount slide prepared from intestinal scrapings and fecal material is used for the identification of trophozoites and cysts stages of this parasite. PCR can also be used to confirm the parasite. Secnidazole, oxytetracycline and metronidazole have varying efficacy against B. coli infection in various domestic animal species. There is no comprehensive literature available on the occurrence and distribution of the infection at international level. Therefore, the published data between 1989 and 2019 regarding this disease is critically analyzed to provide a detailed overview on this pathogen with special emphasis on geographical distribution of B. coli in domestic animals and different therapeutic agents used to treat this infection. This review will pinpoint the endemic regions which may be a source of potential disease outbreaks and will also help in application of more effectual control strategies against balantidiasis.}, journal={Acta Tropica}, author={Ahmed, A. and Ijaz, M. and Ayyub, R.M. and Ghaffar, A. and Ghauri, H.N. and Aziz, M.U. and Ali, S. and Altaf, M. and Awais, M. and Naveed, M. and et al.}, year={2020} }
 @article{ahmed_tariq_nawab_shaker_khaliq_umair_2020, title={Comparison of Mechanical Behavior of Biaxial, Unidirectional and Standard Woven Fabric Reinforced Composites}, volume={21}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85086738479&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-020-9915-7}, number={6}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Ahmed, U. and Tariq, A. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K. and Khaliq, Z. and Umair, M.}, year={2020}, pages={1308–1315} }
 @article{ullah_ahmad_nawab_2020, title={Development of helical auxetic yarn with negative Poisson’s ratio by combinations of different materials and wrapping angle}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85087689860&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083720941116}, abstractNote={ Auxetic materials have negative Poisson ratio which has a multiple ranges of functional applications. The helical auxetic yarn was successfully developed through direct twist system by using core and wrap yarn or filament, which shows Auxeticity when the HAY is stretched in longitudinal direction in response it expand in transverse direction, Helical Auxetic Yarns were developed using various parameters of the core and warp filament, these parameters are wrapping angle (Twist per meter), diameter ratio, and modulus ratio. The strength of Helical yarn was characterized using single yarn strength and Image J software was used for the calculation of poisson’s ratio. According to test results, it is concluded that the core filament of helical auxetic yarn increased its thickness in transverse direction under stress, and a considerable negative poisson’s ratio was calculated. The values of negative poisson’s ratio described that the auxeticity had a direct relation with core filament thickness or diameter and inversely proportional to the linear density of wrap filament, in case of the wrap angle the auxeticity of HAY yarn had an inverse effect with wrap angle. Kevlar/polypropylene combination sample showed maximum auxeticity at a 15-degree angle while Kevlar/nylon combination sample showed minimum auxeticity at a 25-degree wrap angle. }, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Ullah, T. and Ahmad, S. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2020} }
 @article{shakir_abdul rashid_tariq_nawab_afzal_nabeel_naseem_hamid_2020, title={EMI Shielding Characteristics of Electrically Conductive Polymer Blends of PS/PANI in Microwave and IR Region}, volume={49}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85074076920&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11664-019-07631-7}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Electronic Materials}, author={Shakir, M.F. and Abdul Rashid, I. and Tariq, A. and Nawab, Y. and Afzal, A. and Nabeel, M. and Naseem, A. and Hamid, U.}, year={2020}, pages={1660–1665} }
 @article{shakir_tariq_rehan_nawab_abdul rashid_afzal_hamid_raza_zubair_rizwan_et al._2020, title={Effect of Nickel-spinal-Ferrites on EMI shielding properties of polystyrene/polyaniline blend}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85087373481&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s42452-020-2535-4}, abstractNote={Magnetic and electrically conductive polymeric nanocomposites were fabricated using polystyrene (PS) as matrix, Nickel Ferrites (NiFe) as magnetic nanofiller and polyaniline (PANI) as electrically conductive nanofiller. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) blocking are the main application of these nanocomposites. PANI and NiFe were successfully prepared by chemical and co-precipitation methods respectively. The successful fabrication of nanofillers was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction technique. DC conductivity and dielectric properties were first analyzed and a huge increase in both dielectric constant and DC conductivity was observed. Dielectric Constant seemed to be increased from 2.2 for PS to 5.5 for PS/PANI/NiFe composite. For the measurement of EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), Vector Network Analyzer was used in 0.1–20 GHz frequency range. IR spectroscopy was used to measure IR transmission in near-infrared (NIR) region of 700–2500 nm wavelength range. PS film is transparent for both NIR waves and microwaves, by observing almost 90% transmission in the NIR range and about − 3 dB SE in the microwave region. IR transmission reduces to less than 0.5% for PS/PANI/NiFe composite in the whole NIR range. Also, in the microwave region, − 3 dB shielding enhanced to less than − 35 dB in a broad range of frequency from 0.1 to 20 GHz.}, number={4}, journal={SN Applied Sciences}, author={Shakir, M.F. and Tariq, A. and Rehan, Z.A. and Nawab, Y. and Abdul Rashid, I. and Afzal, A. and Hamid, U. and Raza, F. and Zubair, K. and Rizwan, M.S. and et al.}, year={2020} }
 @article{awais_nawab_anjang_md akil_zainol abidin_2020, title={Effect of fabric architecture on the shear and impact properties of natural fibre reinforced composites}, volume={195}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85084188632&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108069}, abstractNote={Thermoplastic natural fiber reinforced composites are particularly attractive and ideal materials for weight critical applications, but the high melt-viscosity of the matrix hinders their full prospective utilisation. Commingled fabrics have evolved as an alternative solution to overcome the viscosity constrain and reduce the manufacturing cost by means of faster lay-up. A comparative performance evaluation was conducted in this research work on natural fibre-reinforced (jute, hemp and flax) laminates fabricated using woven, woven commingled and knitted commingled fabric architectures along with polypropylene matrix by compression moulding method. The damage behaviour of the fabricated laminates was assessed in terms of short-beam shear (SBS), drop weight impact and compression after impact (CAI) strength. The result shows that knitted commingled laminates exhibited higher SBS strength (up to 29% and 20%) and compression after impact strength (up to 37.9% and 25.3%) compared to the woven and woven commingled laminates. Nonetheless, the woven laminates ensure higher impact resistance owing to the interlacement of fibres compared to that of knitted and woven commingled laminates.}, journal={Composites Part B: Engineering}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Anjang, A. and Md Akil, H. and Zainol Abidin, M.S.}, year={2020} }
 @article{abbas_shahid_nawab_shaker_umair_2020, title={Effect of glass microspheres and fabric weave structure on mechanical performance of hemp/green epoxy composites}, volume={41}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85089108656&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/pc.25751}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={Polymer Composites}, author={Abbas, Z. and Shahid, S. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M.}, year={2020}, pages={4771–4787} }
 @article{aaboud_bizet_saouab_nawab_2020, title={Effect of the spatial variation of permeability on air bubble creation and compression}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85078319978&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0731684419899475}, abstractNote={ Tow bundles inside a quasi-unidirectional non-crimp fabric are maintained by sewing threads that induce variation in the bundles’ shape. Indeed, the sewing threads apply a light clamping force that gives a periodical and sinusoidal shape to the tow’s cross-sectional area. This tow cross-sectional area heterogeneity, as a function of position in the fabric, induces a variation of the permeability values. Consequently, while injecting liquid into the fibrous bed, preform's impregnation is influenced as well as the fabric’s void content. The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of tow cross-sectional area heterogeneity on the quality of the manufactured composite part. It leads to reveal the influence of the fibrous reinforcement’s microstructure on the air bubble creation and compression phenomena, especially in terms of process time and the micro and macro air bubble distribution. }, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, author={Aaboud, B. and Bizet, L. and Saouab, A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2020} }
 @article{gulzar_zubair_shakir_zahid_nawab_rehan_2020, title={Effect on the EMI Shielding Properties of Cobalt Ferrites and Coal-Fly-Ash Based Polymer Nanocomposites}, volume={33}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85088474738&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10948-020-05608-w}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism}, author={Gulzar, N. and Zubair, K. and Shakir, M.F. and Zahid, M. and Nawab, Y. and Rehan, Z.A.}, year={2020}, pages={3519–3524} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_saouab_2020, title={Experimental and numerical investigation of reduction in shape distortion for angled composite parts}, volume={13}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073946721&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12289-019-01510-6}, number={6}, journal={International Journal of Material Forming}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A.}, year={2020}, pages={897–906} }
 @article{shaker_waseem ullah khan_jabbar_umair_tariq_kashif_nawab_2020, title={Extraction and characterization of novel fibers from Vernonia elaeagnifolia as a potential textile fiber}, volume={152}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85084392454&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112518}, abstractNote={Vernonia elaeagnifolia plant is primarily used for the wall ornamentations and is abundantly available in countries like Pakistan, India, Burma, etc. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of Vernonia elaeagnifolia as a potential source of natural fibers for the first time and to compare the performance properties with conventional textile fibers. The fibers were extracted from the Vernonia elaeagnifolia plant by biological retting process, which is a green route for the extraction of natural fibers. The material functional groups were studied by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of extracted fibers was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analyses and mechanical behavior was tested using single fiber tensile tester (tenacity 16.30 cN/Tex). The volume density of fibers was measured by means of microscopic analysis and its weight (found to be 1.30 g/cm3). The moisture regain of the fibers was evaluated by the oven-dry method to be 9.22%. The performance properties of these fibers are comparable with conventional fibers. They may be used as a reinforcement in polymeric composite materials as they are mechanically as well as thermally stable.}, journal={Industrial Crops and Products}, author={Shaker, K. and Waseem Ullah Khan, R.M. and Jabbar, M. and Umair, M. and Tariq, A. and Kashif, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2020} }
 @book{awais_nawab_amjad_anjang_zainol abidin_2020, title={Fabrication and characterization of lightweight engineered polypropylene composites using silica particles and flax woven comingled structure}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85087007880&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-15-4756-0_34}, abstractNote={The focus of the current study was the fabrication of woven comingled fabrics using flax and polypropylene yarns to improve the impregnation of flax reinforcing yarn in the polypropylene matrix. Hollow glass microspheres (HGM) as fillers were incorporated to tailor the mechanical properties of the resultant comingled composites. The dip and dry method was used to deposit the HGM on these comingled fabrics to achieve uniform distribution of hollow silica particles. Cross-ply composites were fabricated by these comingled fabrics using compression moulding technique. The mechanical properties were measured in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength. Furthermore, the effect of HGM loading (1.5 and 3%) on mechanical properties was studied and compared with control composites prepared without HGM. It was observed that 1.5% inclusion of HGM had imparted an increase of 13.8 and 5.6% in the tensile strength and modulus respectively by enhancing the brittleness of the composites. However, a further increase in the HGM content from 1.5 to 3% had exhibited a decline of 10.2 and 8.8% in the tensile strength and modulus owing to the agglomeration of silica particles. A similar trend was observed in the flexural properties of the laminates. While, an increment of 10.4% and 18.2% was observed in the impact strength of the fabricated composite laminates by the loading of 1.5% and 3% HGM respectively.}, journal={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Amjad, A. and Anjang, A. and Zainol Abidin, M.S.}, year={2020}, pages={403–410} }
 @article{zahid_nawab_gulzar_rehan_shakir_afzal_abdul rashid_tariq_2020, title={Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nanocomposite with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for EMI shielding application}, volume={31}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/27793549/}, DOI={10.1007/S10854-019-02607-Z}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics}, author={Zahid, M. and Nawab, Y. and Gulzar, N. and Rehan, Z.A. and Shakir, M.F. and Afzal, A. and Abdul Rashid, I. and Tariq, A.}, year={2020}, pages={967–974} }
 @inbook{shaker_nawab_2020, title={Fibers for Protective Textiles}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85103881850&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-49224-3_4}, abstractNote={“Protective Textiles” is collectively used for the textiles and clothing employed necessarily in a specific work environment, either in labs, hospital, battlefield, rescue, or industrial applications. These textiles and clothing normally focus on the functional aspects rather than the aesthetics. The recent trends in these protective clothing include strong, lightweight and safer product for a particular end use. This chapter is focussed on the fibers used for protection against certain hazards/phenomenon like impact, chemicals, fire, heat, ballistics, etc. The majority of these application areas use high-performance fibers, to meet the challenges. But, the textiles for protection are highly specific, depending on the application area. The product for a particular end application needs to exhibit properties that may not be required for other applications. The products based on these fibers are also discussed briefly in this chapter.}, booktitle={Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2020}, pages={65–91} }
 @article{khan_umair_shaker_basit_nawab_kashif_2020, title={Impact of waste fibers on the mechanical performance of concrete composites}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85081740071&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2020.1736423}, abstractNote={Abstract Concrete composite reinforced with fibers enhances strength at the micro level, to reduce cracks and to make it lighter in weight. Previous researchers used metallic, vegetable as well as synthetic fibers for this purpose. In the current study, waste synthetic fibers (glass, polyester, and polypropylene) were added in three different proportions (2%, 4%, and 6%) by the weight of cement. The aim was to investigate their effect on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and fiber reinforced mortar (FRM). After curing of samples for 28 days different mechanical testing (compressive strength, impact strength, and three-point bending strength) were conducted to compare their performance. From the results obtained it was concluded that the mechanical properties were improved by adding the synthetic fibers with different proportions. Glass fiber has the highest effect on the compressive strength of FRC followed by polypropylene and polyester fibers. 4% proportions of the fibers had better performance in mechanical properties of FRC than 2% and 6% in all the samples tested. Also, in flexural strength, the same trend was observed while in impact strength the polyester performs better than polypropylene. From the results, it was concluded that the glass fiber reinforced concrete has given the best performance with 4% fiber ratio in all aspects.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Khan, M.I. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Basit, A. and Nawab, Y. and Kashif, M.}, year={2020} }
 @inbook{nawab_ahmad_2020, title={Introduction}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85103878062&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-49224-3_1}, abstractNote={Technical Textile is a dynamic and fastest growing sector, which is primarily known for performance and functional properties. In this chapter, the definition of technical textile, Scope, market share, and categories of technical textiles have been explored. The current volume market worldwide for technical textile is 193.9 billion in US dollars, and it’s projected to reach $220.37 billion by 2022 at CAGR 5.89%. In terms of volume, this market is projected to reach 42.20 million metric tons by the end of 2020. The Broad areas of technical textile and their application areas, including Protech, Sportstech, Aggrotech, Clothtech, Geotech, Hometech, Indutech, MedTech, Mobiltech, Oekotech, and Packtech, are also discussed. Moreover, in this chapter, conventional fibers and high-performance fibers used in technical textiles are systematically introduced. The main principle involved in the selection of raw materials and the importance of material selection are also explored. Along with it, the Global manufacturers of technical textile products and technical textile fibers and major countries producing these fibers have also been examined. At the end, major tests for technical textile fibers, yarns, and fabric and test standards according to ASTM, AATCC, and ISO have been evaluated.}, booktitle={Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering}, author={Nawab, Y. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2020}, pages={1–20} }
 @article{awais_nawab_anjang_akil_abidin_2020, title={Mechanical Properties of Continuous Natural Fibres (Jute, Hemp, Flax) Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Modified with Hollow Glass Microspheres}, volume={21}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85093656289&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-020-2260-z}, number={9}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Anjang, A. and Akil, H.M. and Abidin, M.S.Z.}, year={2020}, pages={2076–2083} }
 @article{jabbar_nawab_karahan_ashraf_hussain_2020, title={Mechanical Response of Novel 3D Woven Flax Composites with Variation in Z Yarn Binding}, volume={17}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85055692217&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2018.1539939}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the development of novel 3D woven flax composites for improved mechanical performance. The 3D woven interlock fabrics were produced on dobby loom using novel weaving patterns, with variation in binding point density (four different levels). These fabric structures were then used to fabricate composites with green epoxy resin as a matrix. Tensile, flexural, short beam shear, impact (pendulum and drop weight) and compression after impact properties were characterized. It was found that 3D woven composites having higher binding point density showed overall improved mechanical behavior, i.e. the out-of-plane properties were enhanced whereas in-plane properties are either reduced or unaffected.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Jabbar, M. and Nawab, Y. and Karahan, M. and Ashraf, M. and Hussain, T.}, year={2020}, pages={890–905} }
 @book{awais_nawab_amjad_anjang_abidin_2020, title={Mechanical properties of hollow glass microspheres filled jute woven comingled composites}, volume={858 KEM}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85090270314&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.858.41}, abstractNote={Hollow glass microsphere (HGM) filled jute composites were fabricated using woven comingled fabric. Tensile, drop weight impact and Charpy impact tests were conducted to study the effects of HGM to the jute laminates. The tensile properties were enhanced with the addition of 1.5 % HGM (19 % tensile strength and 6 % modulus) while further addition of HGM up to 3 % decreased the tensile properties (16 % tensile strength and 19 % modulus). The impact strength was improved by 10 % with the incorporation of 1.5 % HGM and an increase of 19 % was observed in the 3 % HGM composites compared to the control composites.}, journal={Key Engineering Materials}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Amjad, A. and Anjang, A. and Abidin, M.S.Z.}, year={2020}, pages={41–46} }
 @article{iftekhar_ullah khan_nawab_hamdani_panchal_2020, title={Numerical Analysis of Binding Yarn Float Length for 3D Auxetic Structures}, volume={257}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85090945162&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/pssb.202000440}, abstractNote={Recently, the auxetic fabrics have gained much importance in the scientific and industrial community due to their excellent impact‐resistance property. Due to this property, they have several applications, including automotive, aerospace, and ballistic areas. The auxetic three‐dimensional (3D) woven fabrics are a less explored domain in the auxetic community. Herein, special attention is given to the numerical analysis of the 3D auxetic structure. The negative Poisson's ratio of 3D auxetic structures is studied using ANSYS workbench structural analysis module. The effect of binding yarn float length on negative Poisson's ratio is tested on ten different 3D orthogonal through the thickness structures with binding yarn float length of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. Furthermore, the effect of the number of binding yarns and the number of layers is also studied numerically. The results show that the auxeticity of the woven structure increases with increasing the number of binding yarns and their float length. Moreover, decreasing the number of layers from 3 to 1 increases the auxeticity.}, number={10}, journal={Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research}, author={Iftekhar, H. and Ullah Khan, R.M.W. and Nawab, Y. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Panchal, S.}, year={2020} }
 @article{iftekhar_ullah khan_asghar_qadeer_umair_nawab_hamdani_2020, title={Study of comfort performance of novel car seat design for long drive}, volume={234}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/18459589/}, DOI={10.1177/0954407019852279}, abstractNote={ Back pain is a commonly known problem for drivers and passengers traveling in long route vehicles, especially buses and trucks. The problem becomes more severe for people suffering from bedsores. The current embodiment is a step toward addressing this problem. This method helps to regulate blood flow and provide comfort to the drivers and bedsore patients. Pneumatic cylinder and 24 semi-circular designed aluminum buds are used in the assembly that moves up and down along with the comforter foam and sheet to serve the purpose. This design is an active way of providing comfort and has significantly helped in reducing back and lower body pain. A survey was conducted by 100 participants to analyze the comfort of the current embodiment. The age of these participants was divided into two categories. Results showed that comfort varies with age and pressure. It was concluded from the survey that young people from 20 to 30 years appreciate high pressure, whereas elderly people from 30 to 50 years like low pressure. The results from analysis of variance were found to be significant with feedback results. This system is also helpful in regulating blood flow. It was concluded that most people like high pressure and the first pattern. }, number={2-3}, journal={Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering}, author={Iftekhar, H. and Ullah Khan, R.M.W. and Asghar, M.A. and Qadeer, A. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y. and Hamdani, S.T.A.}, year={2020}, pages={645–651} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_ayub asghar_nasreen_jabbar_2020, title={Tailoring the properties of leno woven fabrics by varying the structure}, volume={27}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2799217/}, DOI={10.1080/15376494.2018.1527964}, abstractNote={Abstract This study focused on the development of woven structures based on leno weave with tailored performance properties. To achieve this objective, pure leno and hybrid leno weaves were used to produce woven fabrics. In hybrid weaves, leno weave was combined with 1/1 plain, 3/1 twill, and 2/2 matt weaves, and 12 samples were produced with three different weft thread densities. The multifilament polyester yarn was used as warp and weft material. The characterization of physical and mechanical properties showed that comparable tensile properties were achieved by leno and hybrid weave fabrics, but the hybrid structures offered lower resistance to puncture as compared to pure leno fabrics. A multi-response optimization technique was used to determine the best sample under a particular set of conditions.}, number={22}, journal={Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Ayub Asghar, M. and Nasreen, A. and Jabbar, M.}, year={2020}, pages={1865–1872} }
 @article{nawab_li_an_nawab_zhao_xiao_tang_sun_2020, title={The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives-A Review}, volume={20}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85079604571&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2478/aoas-2020-0005}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Annals of Animal Science}, author={Nawab, A. and Li, G. and An, L. and Nawab, Y. and Zhao, Y. and Xiao, M. and Tang, S. and Sun, C.}, year={2020}, pages={355–388} }
 @article{rehman_jabbar_umair_nawab_jabbar_shaker_2019, title={A study on the interdependence of fabric pore size and its mechanical and comfort properties}, volume={16}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85041536037&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2018.1437861}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cotton woven fabric pore size on its mechanical and comfort properties. Using 20/1 Ne cotton yarn, 10 fabrics with varying pore size were produced in plain weave for this study. In order to get variable pore sizes, the thread density was changed along warp and weft direction, keeping the linear density of yarn as constant. It was observed that with increase in pore size, air permeability as well as moisture management increased but the thermal resistance decreased. In general, the comfort properties of cotton fabrics were improved with a higher pore size but for applications requiring heat retention, the fabrics having smaller pore sizes must be preferred. It was further observed that the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics do not depend directly on the pore size, rather they depend on the number of threads, in a particular direction. The number of threads may be controlled to get desired pore size and ultimately the desired properties.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Rehman, A. and Jabbar, M. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y. and Jabbar, M. and Shaker, K.}, year={2019}, pages={795–805} }
 @article{ameer_nawab_ali_imad_ahmad_2019, title={Development and characterization of jute/polypropylene composite by using comingled nonwoven structures}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/20823169/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2019.1612502}, abstractNote={Abstract High melt viscosity of thermoplastic matrices hinders the impregnation of fibers and their consolidation during fabrication of composites. In the present study, matrix (polypropylene) and reinforcement (jute) fibers were comingled at fiber to fiber level (fiber to matrix ratio of 30, 40, 50 and 60%) while making their nonwoven fabrics using dry laid process. Thermoforming process, in which polypropylene fibers are used and then melted for the development of composite plates. The results showed that the composite samples with 0.30 fiber volume fraction have higher mechanical properties (flexural, impact energy), while samples with 0.40 fiber volume fraction have higher tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) due to good impregnation of fiber and better fiber-matrix interface. The composite having 0.30 fiber volume fraction has lowest value of moisture regain and diffusion coefficients than the other samples. Voids present in the microscopic images also confirmed the weak interface, when the fiber volume fraction increased up to 0.60.}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Ameer, M.H. and Nawab, Y. and Ali, Z. and Imad, A. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2019} }
 @article{khan_akram_umair_hamdani_shaker_nawab_zeeshan_2019, title={Development of composites, reinforced by novel 3D woven orthogonal fabrics with enhanced auxeticity}, volume={49}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2497098/}, DOI={10.1177/1528083718795912}, abstractNote={ Auxetic materials are under great attention of researchers due to their excellent mechanical response under certain conditions. Previous works have been carried out in knitted or uni-stretch woven fabrics. In the present study, three-dimensional (3D) woven structures were produced and the effect of float length of ground weave and binding yarn on auxeticity of the fabric was investigated. Eight different 3D orthogonal woven structures/reinforcements were produced on rapier dobby loom by changing the float length in ground weave and binding yarns. Hand layup technique was used for composite fabrication, while green epoxy resin was used as a matrix. For investigating the auxeticity, 3D reinforcement samples were subjected to tensile loading and change in their thickness was measured. The results showed that 3D woven reinforcements with equal and maximum float length of ground weave and binding yarn showed greater auxetic behavior, because both weaves support each other and room for opening of structure increases. As the difference between the float length of ground weave and binding yarns increases, the auxeticity of reinforcement decreases because the ground weave and binding yarn cancel out the effect of each other. Moreover, the impact energy absorption of the developed composites was found to increase with the increase in float length, justifying that the structures are auxetic in nature. }, number={5}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Khan, M.I. and Akram, J. and Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Zeeshan, M.}, year={2019}, pages={676–690} }
 @article{shaker_umair_jabbar_baitab_nawab_afzal_ahmad_2019, title={EFFECT OF FABRIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRICS}, volume={2018}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/18684870/}, DOI={10.2298/TSCI170707003S}, abstractNote={The thermal properties of a certain fabric govern its end usage. The enhanced thermal resistance can help to use light weight fabric for cold conditions. The aim of this study was the development fabric with a particular structural design having enhanced thermal resistance, without any change in the constituent materials or any extra process. Fabric samples were produced using cotton and core spun elastane yarns along weft, in a specific sequence. The fabrics had either a flat or puckered appearance, depending on the arrangement of weft yarns. It was observed that the percentage of core spun yarns and fabric thickness had a significant effect on the thermal resistance of fabrics. A valuable difference in the thermal resistance of flat and seersucker (puckered) fabrics, having same construction was observed. It was found to be the effect of the characteristic puckered effect of the seersucker fabric. Statistical models were developed to predict the thermal resistance of flat fabrics using core spun yarns percentage and fabric thickness.}, journal={Thermal Science}, author={Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Jabbar, M. and Baitab, D.M. and Nawab, Y. and Afzal, A. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2019} }
 @article{umair_hamdani_nawab_asghar_hussain_saouab_2019, title={Effect of Pile Height on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Spacer Composites}, volume={20}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/3049102/}, DOI={10.1007/S12221-019-8761-Y}, number={6}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y. and Asghar, M.A. and Hussain, T. and Saouab, A.}, year={2019}, pages={1258–1265} }
 @article{awais_nawab_amjad_anjang_md akil_zainol abidin_2019, title={Effect of comingling techniques on mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced cross-ply thermoplastic composites}, volume={177}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85070889236&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107279}, abstractNote={Continuous natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials not only offer low weight and better strength than short fibre reinforced composites but are also biodegradable and eco-friendly. The impregnation of resin into the reinforcement is considered as a major concern during the fabrication of thermoplastic composites. Therefore, intermediate materials known as comingled fabrics were developed to assist the fabrication of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites by aligning the polypropylene fibres alongside the reinforcement natural fibres (jute, hemp and flax) using weaving and knitting techniques. Cross-ply composite panels were fabricated using hot press compression moulding method. The novelty of this work is the simplified methodology to develop the comingled fabrics and the effects of comingling on the mechanical properties of composites. The effect of the comingling technique on the tensile, flexural and impact properties of composites is explained in this research work. Knitted comingled composite specimens exhibit superior mechanical properties than woven comingled composite specimens. The experimental results have shown 14%, 7% and 3% increase in tensile strength, 25%, 20% and 13% increase in flexural strength and 37%, 54% and 44% increase in impact strength of knitted comingled specimens of jute, hemp and flax respectively.}, journal={Composites Part B: Engineering}, author={Awais, H. and Nawab, Y. and Amjad, A. and Anjang, A. and Md Akil, H. and Zainol Abidin, M.S.}, year={2019} }
 @article{kashif_hamdani_zubair_nawab_2019, title={Effect of interlocking pattern on short beam strength of 3D woven composites}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/14395598/}, DOI={10.1177/0021998319839441}, abstractNote={ Natural fiber-based preforms possess various attractive characteristics in different applications due to their light weight, value for money and compatibility with the environment. The possible tailorable shapes and mechanical properties make these more attractive for composites applications. Earlier, researchers focused on characterizing preforms for composites, but this work emphasis on the outcome of the weave patterns on composites performance. Mechanical performance (especially shear beam strength) of the 3D layer-to-layer and through-the-thickness prefroms with different interlocking patterns was deliberated. Composites were fabricated using 3D woven jute preforms and green epoxy system. The diverse performance of composites was compared. The effect of weave pattern remained prominent in their composites. }, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Kashif, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Zubair, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019} }
 @article{rehman_zeeshan_shaker_nawab_2019, title={Effect of micro-crystalline cellulose particles on mechanical properties of alkaline treated jute fabric reinforced green epoxy composite}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071116772&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-019-02679-4}, number={17}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Rehman, M.M. and Zeeshan, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019}, pages={9057–9069} }
 @article{jabbar_karahan_nawab_ashraf_hussain_2019, title={Effect of silica nanoparticles on mechanical properties of Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composites}, volume={110}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/33072518/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2018.1529213}, abstractNote={Abstract The addition of nanofillers in high-performance reinforcement results in the formation of hybrid composites. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of silica nanofillers loading on the mechanical properties of Kevlar/epoxy composites for ballistic use. Produced hybrid composite laminates were tested for flexural properties, tensile Properties and impact energy absorption. DMA analyses were performed to investigate composite properties at elevated temperatures. It was observed that introduction of silica nanofillers enhanced flexural properties, tensile strength, and storage modulus of composites. Impact energy absorption was increased up to a specific extent of nanofiller addition. The findings of this study indicate that introduction of silica nanofillers on Kevlar fabrics is a promising method for enhancing mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Jabbar, M. and Karahan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Ashraf, M. and Hussain, T.}, year={2019}, pages={606–613} }
 @article{karahan_karahan_nasir_nawab_2019, title={Effect of structural hybridization on ballistic performance of aramid fabrics}, volume={32}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2072431/}, DOI={10.1177/0892705718780197}, abstractNote={ This article presents an investigation regarding the ballistic performance of hybrid panels formed by combining woven and unidirectional (UD) para-aramid fabrics. For this purpose, hybrid panels are formed by combining woven and UD para-aramid fabrics with different ply ratios. The hybrid panels formed in this way are subjected to ballistic tests according to National Institute of Justice (NIJ) standard. The results show that hybrid panels present 4.48% less trauma depth as compared to 100% woven fabric panels and 3% less trauma diameter as compared to 100% UD fabric panels. Furthermore, 13.9% less energy is transmitted to the back side of hybrid panels as compared to 100% UD fabric panels. The energy absorbed per unit weight in hybrid panels is 8.48% more as compared to 100% woven fabrics. Additionally, in wet conditions, less trauma depth of hybrid panels is observed as compared to both 100% woven and 100% K-Flex UD fabric panels. No significant difference is realized in trauma diameter between hybrid panels and 100% woven fabric panels in wet conditions. However, 3.25% less trauma diameter is noticed in hybrid panels as compared to 100% UD fabric panels. }, number={6}, journal={Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials}, author={Karahan, M. and Karahan, N. and Nasir, M.A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019}, pages={795–814} }
 @article{zahid_nasir_nauman_karahan_nawab_ali_khalid_nabeel_ullah_2019, title={Experimental analysis of ILSS of glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset textile composites enhanced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes}, volume={33}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/924649/}, DOI={10.1007/S12206-018-1219-0}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology}, author={Zahid, S. and Nasir, M.A. and Nauman, S. and Karahan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Ali, H.M. and Khalid, Y. and Nabeel, M. and Ullah, M.}, year={2019}, pages={197–204} }
 @article{shaker_umair_ashraf_nawab_2019, title={Fabric manufacturing}, volume={1}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85041014826&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1515/psr-2016-0024}, abstractNote={Textile fabric may be defined as the flexible assembly of fibers or yarns, either natural or manmade. It may be produced by a number of techniques, the most common of which are weaving, knitting, bonding, felting or tufting. Conventional fabrics (woven, knitted) are produced in such a way that the fibers are first converted into yarn and subsequently this yarn is converted into fabric. The fabrics can also be produced directly from the fibers. Such fabrics are termed as nonwovens. Each of these methods is capable of producing a large number of fabric structures, depending upon the raw material, machinery and the process involved. These fabrics are used for a wide range of applications from clothing to the technical purposes.}, number={7}, journal={Physical Sciences Reviews}, author={Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Ashraf, W. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019} }
 @article{wassem_baig_abrar_hashim_zia-ur-rehman_awan_amjad_nawab_2019, title={Impact of Capacity Building and Managerial Support on Employees' Performance: The Moderating Role of Employees' Retention}, volume={9}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/27624212/}, DOI={10.1177/2158244019859957}, abstractNote={ The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of capacity building and managers’ support on employee performance in the textile industry. Moreover, this article also investigates the moderating effect exerted by employee retention on the effects of capacity building and managers’ support on employee performance. Data were collected through a convenience sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for data collection. Two hundred copies of questionnaires were distributed, and data were collected from the lower to middle-level employees who are working in the textile sector of Pakistan. SPSS 23 and SmartPLS-3 software were used for analysis. The results indicate that capacity building has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. In contrast, managerial support has an insignificant impact on employees’ performance. However, the impact of capacity building and managerial support on employee performance is positive and significantly moderated by employee retention. The results of this study will motivate owners/policymakers to invest in capacity building to enhance their organizational performance/productivity. }, number={3}, journal={SAGE Open}, author={Wassem, M. and Baig, S.A. and Abrar, M. and Hashim, M. and Zia-Ur-Rehman, M. and Awan, U. and Amjad, F. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_saouab_2019, title={Influence of silica fillers on failure modes of glass/vinyl ester composites under different mechanical loadings}, volume={218}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85070363357&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106605}, abstractNote={Glass/vinyl ester composites are widely used to produce vessels and structures for applications in marine environment. Matrix cracking, delamination and fibre breakage are major modes of failure in these composites. This paper focusses to enhance the performance of glass/vinyl ester composites by the addition of silica microparticles. The particle loading helped to enhance the mechanical performance of matrix by reducing the chances of matrix cracking and delamination, due to better particle/matrix interfacial adhesion. Composite materials were fabricated without particles and with 2% and 5% particle loading (by weight of resin), using UD glass fabric reinforcement. The mechanical performance was investigated in terms of tensile strength, flexural strength, short beam shear, impact resistance and barcol hardness. The results show an increase in the properties of composites by the addition of silica microparticles. The investigations of the failure mode revealed that composites without any particles have exhibited matrix cracking, delamination and reinforcement failure in tensile and flexural mode. But the particle loaded composites exhibited only matrix cracking and reinforcement failure, indicating a substantial increase in the matrix strength and interfacial adhesion. Similarly, in case of drop weight impact, a high energy was absorbed by the particle loaded composite as compared to the one without particles. The barcol hardness of composite was also found to increase with particle loading.}, journal={Engineering Fracture Mechanics}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A.}, year={2019} }
 @article{ali_kausar_shahid_zeeshan_nawab_riaz_memon_mengal_anjum_2019, title={Novel derivatives of 3D woven T-shaped composites with improved performance}, volume={110}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85047922280&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2018.1480914}, abstractNote={Abstract Conventional 3D woven T-shaped preforms were modified for improving joint/ peel off strength of associated T-shaped polymeric composites. Preforms were modified at weaving level by preferred yarns orientations for better performance in associated composites. Major modifications studied are; the addition of supporting layer, single or double-crossing in joint layers and crossing along with supporting layer (in a single sample). Novel derivatives were compared with conventionally used (on-loom and off-loom) T-shaped 3D woven composites. Microscopic analysis was also carried out to analyze the orientation of yarns and analysis of samples from failure point after testing. By combined variation of crossing and supporting layers improvement of 47.37% in peel off strength and 70.37% in impact strength was observed. Modified T shapes can serve to be a good replacement for conventional T-shaped stiffener (used to avoid folding under loads) and in joints.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Ali, M. and Kausar, F. and Shahid, S. and Zeeshan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Riaz, R. and Memon, A.A. and Mengal, N. and Anjum, A.S.}, year={2019}, pages={267–273} }
 @article{kashif_hamdani_nawab_asghar_umair_shaker_2019, title={Optimization of 3D woven preform for improved mechanical performance}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85044095116&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083718760802}, abstractNote={ For structural design applications, through-thickness characteristics of reinforcement played a vital role, which is why 3D woven preforms are recommended for such applications. These characteristics are mainly dependent on the fiber and yarn positioning in reinforcement. Although research has been conducted for characterizing woven composites, special attention has not been made on weave pattern parameter which directly affects the mechanical performance of composites. In this research work, 3D orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures with different interlocking patterns have been thoroughly studied for their mechanical properties, thickness, air permeability and areal density. Natural fibers when used with biodegradable matrix find use in structural, as well as low to medium impact applications for automobiles. Jute yarn was used to produce four-layered 3D woven structures, as synthetic fibers will not give a biodegradable composite part. The focus of this study is to optimize weave pattern, which is robust in design, degradable preforms and easy to reproduce. The main objective of this research focused on the effectiveness of weaving patterns on physical and mechanical properties as well as to optimize the weave pattern for optimum performance. Grey relational analysis was used for the optimization of the robust weave pattern. The results showed that hybrid structures can be useful for improving the properties of the orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures. It was also noted that weft-way 3D woven structures can provide comparable mechanical properties with warp-way 3D woven structures. }, number={7}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Kashif, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y. and Asghar, M.A. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K.}, year={2019}, pages={1206–1227} }
 @article{nazir_shaker_hussain_nawab_2019, title={Performance of novel auxetic woven fabrics produced using Helical Auxetic Yarn}, volume={6}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85069483983&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1088/2053-1591/ab1a7e}, abstractNote={The auxetic materials and structures exhibiting negative Poisson’s ratio are essentially used in filtration, medical devices, energy absorbing applications, etc. The auxetic materials excel at traditional materials due to better mechanical performance. This paper presents the auxetic fabrics produced using Helical Auxetic Yarn (HAY). The HAY was developed by wrapping a stiffer yarn (multifilament Kevlar) on core yarn (multifilament Polypropylene), by varying wrap to core angle from 8° to 20°. The recent research works report the auxeticity of HAY woven fabric, but the scope is limited to a particular weave pattern with a certain warp to core angle. In this study, the developed HAYs were used to weave fabrics in four different weaving patterns. The woven fabrics were produced using HAY as warp and Kevlar as weft. Furthermore, auxetic effect exhibited by HAY and subsequent woven fabrics was studied. It was found that the lower wrap to core angle in HAY yielded higher auxetic effect. Moreover, the matt woven fabric developed using 8° HAY exhibited maximum auxetic effect. The developed structure can be effectively used for filtration or energy absorbing applications.}, number={8}, journal={Materials Research Express}, author={Nazir, M.U. and Shaker, K. and Hussain, R. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2019} }
 @article{raza_shaker_nawab_saouab_2019, title={Reduction in process-induced shape distortion of C-shaped composite parts using micro silica particles}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/27557851/}, DOI={10.1007/S00170-019-03981-Y}, journal={The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, author={Raza, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A.}, year={2019} }
 @article{bajwa_nawab_umair_rizwan_2019, title={Techno-mechanical properties of cocoon, raw silk and filament of two mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) strains,Technologisch-mechanische Eigenschaften von Kokon, Rohseide und Fasern zweier Seidenspinnerarten (Bombyx mori L.)}, volume={50}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073231729&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/mawe.201800052}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}, author={Bajwa, G.A. and Nawab, Y. and Umair, M. and Rizwan, Z.}, year={2019}, pages={1287–1294} }
 @article{nawab_kashif_asghar_asghar_umair_shaker_zeeshan_2018, title={Development & Characterization of Green Composites Using Novel 3D Woven Preforms}, volume={25}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/10939334/}, DOI={10.1007/S10443-018-9720-2}, number={4}, journal={Applied Composite Materials}, author={Nawab, Y. and Kashif, M. and Asghar, M.A. and Asghar, A. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Zeeshan, M.}, year={2018}, pages={747–759} }
 @article{ali_zeeshan_ahmed_qadir_nawab_anjum_riaz_2018, title={Development and Comfort Characterization of 2D-Woven Auxetic Fabric for Wearable and Medical Textile Applications}, volume={36}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/10939333/}, DOI={10.1177/0887302X18768048}, abstractNote={ Knitted auxetic fabrics (AF) are in common practice but their stability and thickness are major problems in commercial applications. Therefore, a simple method of developing woven AF is proposed here. Differential shrinking property of different weaves is utilized to visualize auxetic honey comb geometry in fabric structure. Based on this fabric structure, auxeticity is induced in 2-D-woven fabric. AF is developed using conventional nonauxetic materials (i.e., cotton in warp and elastane [Lycra] yarn in the weft). Auxetic nature and auxetic structure in the fabric were characterized by microscope. Comfort properties (air permeability, thermal resistance, stiffness, and wicking) of AF were compared with conventional nonauxetic fabrics (NAF). Piezoresistive nature of conductive AF and NAF is also compared. AF showed superior comfort properties and higher sensitivity as compared to conventional NAF. Based on results, AF can be considered better replacement of conventional NAF in wearable and medical applications. }, number={3}, journal={Clothing and Textiles Research Journal}, author={Ali, M. and Zeeshan, M. and Ahmed, S. and Qadir, B. and Nawab, Y. and Anjum, A.S. and Riaz, R.}, year={2018}, pages={199–214} }
 @article{ali_zeeshan_qadir_riaz_ahmad_nawab_anjum_2018, title={Development and Mechanical Characterization of Weave Design Based 2D Woven Auxetic Fabrics for Protective Textiles}, volume={19}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2738636/}, DOI={10.1007/S12221-018-8627-8}, number={11}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Ali, M. and Zeeshan, M. and Qadir, M.B. and Riaz, R. and Ahmad, S. and Nawab, Y. and Anjum, A.S.}, year={2018}, pages={2431–2438} }
 @book{karahan_masood_nawab_karahan_2018, title={Development and characterization of hybrid green composites from textile waste}, volume={606}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85028966960&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-60474-9_4}, abstractNote={The current study focused on the use of textile industry waste (cotton and jute) and glass fabric for the development of hybrid composites. Composites were fabricated using either a single reinforcement or different fractions of cotton, jute and glass fabric. A good fibre-matrix interface was observed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the developed composites was analyzed under certain loads. The tensile and flexural properties of the composites developed from waste material was found lower as compared to the glass fiber composites, while hybrid composites had comparable properties. Regression equations were also developed to predict the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. The results revealed that, after some pre-treatment (mercerization and desizing) textile waste materials can be used with virgin material in reinforcement part of composite to decrease the cost but with optimum mechanical properties. This usage of textile waste will be helpful for its value addition and solving the waste disposal problems.}, journal={Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}, author={Karahan, M. and Masood, Z. and Nawab, Y. and Karahan, N.}, year={2018}, pages={37–49} }
 @article{nasreen_umair_shaker_hamdani_nawab_2018, title={Development and characterization of three-dimensional woven fabric for ultra violet protection}, volume={30}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/10771121/}, DOI={10.1108/IJCST-02-2018-0013}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of materials, three dimensional (3D) structure and number of fabric layers on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), air permeability and thickness of fabrics.
}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology}, author={Nasreen, A. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2018}, pages={536–547} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_saouab_ashraf_khan_2018, title={Effect of silica particle loading on shape distortion in glass/vinyl ester-laminated composite plates}, volume={109}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2452965/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2017.1363932}, abstractNote={Abstract Fibre-reinforced composites loaded with micro/nano particles are being employed in industry for their functional properties. However, behaviour of such composites is different while fabrication is due to the presence of particles. One major parameter needs to be investigated is process-induced residual stress which cause shape distortion in the part. These stresses are generated due to the mismatch of thermal expansion behaviour between the plies, resulting in shape distortion of the composite part. The current study focuses to determine the effect of silica fillers on shape distortion of glass/vinyl ester-laminated composite plates. The resin samples reinforced with 0, 2, 4, 5 and 6% (vol%) of silica particles were prepared and their thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) were determined using Dilatometer. The fillers tend to decrease the CTE of reinforced resin and increase its modulus, as determined using UTM. Composite plates with UD glass were prepared with and without fillers to investigate the distortion behaviour. The experimental results showed that the curvature reduced from 4.3243 to 2.0973 mm by addition of 5% silica particles. The curvature in plates was also simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics, and results are correlated with the experimental values.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A. and Ashraf, M. and Khan, A.N.}, year={2018}, pages={656–664} }
 @article{ali_nawab_saouab_anjum_zeeshan_2018, title={Fabrication induced spring-back in thermosetting woven composite parts with variable thickness}, volume={47}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85041452088&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083716686939}, abstractNote={ Rising demand of composite materials for high performance application require a process to manufacture composite parts with accuracy and precision. Residual stress and consequent deformation is one of major limitation in growth of composite industry. Experimental studies reported in literature focused on uniform thickness plates, L shape brackets or rings but depending upon its application, e.g. wind turbine blade, conical structures, etc., real parts do not have always the uniform thickness. In the present study, effect of increasing thickness of a part, variable thickness within a part, angle of bracket, gradient of resin content, and convex and concave tooling on the process induced deformation in angled brackets is studied experimentally. The deformation was divided into two segments: warpage and spring back angle, which were measured using spherometer and microscope along with Scope Image Plus software, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe presence of resin content gradient. It is observed that behavior of parts having variation of thickness in them is quite different than the uniform thickness parts. Part having increased thickness at base and flange has up to 10% decrease in distortion. Increased thickness is only effective at larger angles, at sharper angles, there is increase in distortion when thickness is increased. Convex type of tooling induces lower spring-back as compared to concave one. }, number={6}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Ali, M. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A. and Anjum, A.S. and Zeeshan, M.}, year={2018}, pages={1291–1304} }
 @article{nawab_ibtisham_li_kieser_wu_liu_zhao_nawab_li_xiao_et al._2018, title={Heat stress in poultry production: Mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry}, volume={78}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85054014047&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.010}, abstractNote={Worldwide, the effect of climatic variations has become a great challenge in poultry production. As global climate is changing, it alters the environmental temperatures, precipitation patterns and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Poultry farming mainly depends on climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity. Several factors can be involved but heat stress is one of most important environmental factor influencing a wide range of chickens performances including reduced feed intake which, in turn, affects growth rate, body weight, meat quality, egg quality, egg production, semen quality and fertility; these negative influences result in great economic losses. Heat stress associated food safety issues have gained special importance due to public awareness and an abundance of available scientific information. Environmental modifications (early heat conditioning, open sheds and cooling systems) and nutritional strategies (early feed restriction, electrolyte, vitamin and mineral balance) cannot satisfy the special needs of stressed poultry. Therefore, there exists a crucial need to explore effective strategies including genetic markers to enhance thermo-tolerance and productivity of poultry birds in hot regions of the world.}, journal={Journal of Thermal Biology}, author={Nawab, A. and Ibtisham, F. and Li, G. and Kieser, B. and Wu, J. and Liu, W. and Zhao, Y. and Nawab, Y. and Li, K. and Xiao, M. and et al.}, year={2018}, pages={131–139} }
 @article{ali_shaker_nawab_jabbar_hussain_militky_baheti_2018, title={Hydrophobic treatment of natural fibers and their composites—A review}, volume={47}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85031856404&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1528083716654468}, abstractNote={There is a growing interest in the development of natural fiber-reinforced composites, most likely due to their wide availability, low cost, environment friendliness, and sustainability. The market size for natural fiber-reinforced composites is projected to reach $5.83 billion by 2019, with a compound annual growth rate of 12.3%. The composite materials reinforced with wood, cotton, jute, flax or other natural fibers fall under this category. Meanwhile, some major factors limiting the large scale production of natural fiber composites include the tendency of natural fiber to absorb water, degradation by microorganisms and sunlight and ultimately low strength and service life. This paper has focused to review the different natural fiber treatments used to reduce the moisture absorption and fiber degradation. The effect of these treatments on the mechanical properties of these composites has also been summarized.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Ali, A. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Jabbar, M. and Hussain, T. and Militky, J. and Baheti, V.}, year={2018}, pages={2153–2183} }
 @article{hussain_nawab_rizwan_mumtaz_basit_2018, title={Investigation of mechanical properties of auxetic woven polymer composite material: Untersuchung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von auxetisch gewebten Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen}, volume={49}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85042353830&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/mawe.201700145}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}, author={Hussain, M. and Nawab, Y. and Rizwan, Z. and Mumtaz, A. and Basit, A.}, year={2018}, pages={206–209} }
 @article{masood_ahmad_umair_shaker_nawab_karahan_2018, title={Mechanical behaviour of hybrid composites developed from textile waste,Ocena właściwości mechanicznych kompozytów hybrydowych wytworzonych z odpadów włókienniczych}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85042364423&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5604/01.3001.0010.7796}, abstractNote={The current study focused on the use of textile industry waste (cotton and jute) and glass fabric for the development of hybrid composites. Composites were fabricated using either a single reinforcement or different fractions of cotton, jute and glass fabric. A good fibre-matrix interface was observed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the composites developed was analysed under certain loads. The tensile and flexural properties of the composites developed from waste material was found lower as compared to the glass fiber composites, while hybrid composites had comparable properties. Regression equations were also developed to predict the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results revealed that after some pre-treatment (mercerization and desizing) textile waste materials can be used with virgin material in the reinforcement part of the composite to decrease the cost, but with optimum mechanical properties.}, number={1}, journal={Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe}, author={Masood, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Karahan, M.}, year={2018}, pages={46–52} }
 @article{umair_hamdani_asghar_hussain_karahan_nawab_ali_2018, title={Study of influence of interlocking patterns on the mechanical performance of 3D multilayer woven composites}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85044074906&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0731684417751059}, abstractNote={Three-dimensional multilayer woven composites are mostly used in high-performance applications due to their excellent out-of-plane mechanical performance. The current research presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional orthogonal layer-to-layer interlock composites. The glass filament yarn and carbon tows were used as reinforcement in warp and weft directions respectively, whereas epoxy was used as a resin for composite fabrication. Three different types of orthogonal layer to layer interlock namely warp, weft, and bi-directional interlock composites were fabricated and the effect of interlocking pattern on their mechanical performance was evaluated. The evaluation of the mechanical performance was made on the basis of tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength, and dynamic mechanical analysis of composites in warp and weft directions. It was found that warp and weft interlock composites showed better tensile behavior as compared to bi-directional interlock composite both in the warp and weft directions, due to the presence of less crimp as compared to the bi-directional interlock composite. However, the bi-directional interlock composite exhibited considerably superior impact strength and three-point bending strength as compared to the other structures under investigation. These superior properties of bi-directional interlock composites were achieved by interlocking points in warp and weft directions simultaneously, creating a more compact and isotropic structure. Tan delta values of dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that bi-directional interlock composite displayed the highest capacity of energy dissipation in the warp and weft directions while weft interlock structures displayed highest storage and loss moduli in the warp direction.}, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, author={Umair, M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Asghar, M.A. and Hussain, T. and Karahan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Ali, M.}, year={2018} }
 @article{nawab_liu_li_ibtisham_fox_zhao_wu_xiao_nawab_an_2018, title={The Potential Role of Probiotics (nutraceuticals) in Gut Health of Domestic Animals; an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters}, volume={69}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85082177438&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.12681/jhvms.19600}, abstractNote={The term gut health is currently becoming more important for domestic animals including poultry. Gut health refers to the fundamental organ system which covers multiple positive functions like effective digestion, stabilizing intestinal microbiota, gut pH and modulation of effective immune response. Gut health depends on proper balance of microbial population. A wide range of feed and pathogen associated factors influence this balance, and adversely affect the animal health status and production performance. Antibiotic stimulators have been used in farm animals to achieve maximum production. But drug resistance and residual effects of antibiotics in animal products (milk, meat and egg etc.) have raised serious issues in human life. Therefore, The European Union (EU) has strictly banned the application of antibiotic stimulators in livestock nutrition in several others countries including China. As a result, an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters are required to support the profitable and sustainable animal production system. Probiotics as nutraceuticals has been categorized as an alternative natural feed supplement for commercial utilization. Such products have been recognized as safe feed additives in animal industry. Very few studies have comparatively described the effect of probiotics on gut health of domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to explore the beneficial effects of probiotics in improving gut health of domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, but also to evaluate the probiotics associated health and risk factors, and to provide comprehensive scientific information for researchers, scientists and commercial producers.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society}, author={Nawab, A. and Liu, W. and Li, G. and Ibtisham, F. and Fox, D.P. and Zhao, Y. and Wu, J. and Xiao, M. and Nawab, Y. and An, L.}, year={2018}, pages={1169–1188} }
 @article{a study on the twist loss in weft yarn during air jet weaving_2017, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2452966/}, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, year={2017} }
 @article{umair_shaker_nawab_rasheed_ahmad_2017, title={A study on the twist loss in weft yarn during air jet weaving}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85036662662&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics}, author={Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Rasheed, A. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2017}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{afzal_ahmad_rasheed_mohsin_ahmad_nawab_2017, title={CHARACTERIZATION AND STATISTICAL MODELLING OF THERMAL RESISTANCE OF COTTON/POLYESTER BLENDED DOUBLE LAYER INTERLOCK KNITTED FABRICS}, volume={21}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/277485/}, DOI={10.2298/TSCI150520201A}, abstractNote={The aim of this study was to analyse and model the effect of knitting parameters on the thermal resistance of cotton/polyester double layer interlock knitted fabrics. Fabric samples of areal densities ranging from 310-495 g/m2 were knitted using yarns of three different cotton/polyester blends, each of two different linear densities by systematically varying knitting loop lengths for achieving different cover factors. It was found that by changing the polyester content in the inner and outer fabric layer from 40 to 65% in the double layer knitted fabric has statistically significant effect on the fabric thermal resistance. Fabric thermal resistance increased with increase in relative specific heat of outer fabric layer, yarn linear density, loop length, and fabric thickness while decrease in fabric areal density. It was concluded that response surface regression modelling could be successfully used for the prediction of thermal resistance of double layer interlock knitted fabrics. The model was validated by unseen data set and it was found that the actual and predicted values were in good agreement with each other with less than 10% absolute error. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to find out the relative contribution of each input parameter on the air permeability of the double layer interlock knitted fabrics.}, number={6}, journal={Thermal Science}, publisher={National Library of Serbia}, author={Afzal, Ali and Ahmad, Sheraz and Rasheed, Abher and Mohsin, Muhammad and Ahmad, Faheem and Nawab, Yasir}, year={2017}, pages={2393–2403} }
 @article{nawab_sonnenfeld_saouab_agogué_beauchêne_2017, title={Characterisation and modelling of thermal expansion coefficient of woven carbon/epoxy composite and its application to the determination of spring-in}, volume={51}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/990647/}, DOI={10.1177/0021998316661404}, abstractNote={ Properties of resin and composite, especially anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion, are very crucial to precisely determine residual stress generated in a composite part. No comprehensive study is available in the literature to determine these properties for woven composites and then its application to model residual stress in woven carbon epoxy composite parts. In the present article, experimental results on thermal coefficients of RTM6 epoxy resin as well carbon/epoxy woven composites obtained using different experimental techniques are compared with homogenised coefficients of thermal expansion results. Evolution of spring-in angle of L-shaped carbon/epoxy woven composite (during and after cure) with three different thicknesses is modelled by simultaneously solving the thermal-kinetics and thermal-chemical-mechanics coupling by using finite element code COMSOL Multiphysics. Objective was to quantify the contribution of curing and cooling to the formation of residual stress. Anisotropic properties of composite, during and after cure, required for numerical simulation are obtained using an analytical method. Variation in properties with degree of cure and thermal gradients induced in the part during fabrication are considered while modelling. Modelled properties of cured composites were compared with experimental values and were found in agreement. The spring-in angle values obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the results of the analytical model as well as experiments. Effect of variation of fibre volume fraction and presence of thermal gradients on spring-in was studied as well. }, number={11}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Nawab, Y. and Sonnenfeld, C. and Saouab, A. and Agogué, R. and Beauchêne, P.}, year={2017}, pages={1527–1538} }
 @article{maqsood_nawab_umar_umair_shaker_2017, title={Comparison of compression properties of stretchable knitted fabrics and bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments}, volume={108}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84963499927&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1172432}, abstractNote={Stretchable fabrics have diverse applications ranging from casual apparel to performance sportswear and compression therapy. Compression therapy is the universally accepted treatment for the management of hypertrophic scarring after severe burns. Mostly stretchable knitted fabrics are used in compression therapy; but in the recent past, some studies have also been found on bi-stretch woven fabrics being used as compression garments as they also have been found quite effective in the treatment of edema. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to compare the compression properties of stretchable knitted and bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments. For this purpose, four woven structures and four knitted structures were produced having same areal density and their compression, comfort and mechanical properties were compared before and after 5, 10 and 15 washes. The four knitted structures used were single jersey, single locaste, plain pique and honeycomb, whereas the four woven structures produced were 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill, 3/1 twill and 4/1 twill. The compression properties of the produced samples were tested by using kikuhime pressure sensor and it was found that bi-stretch woven fabrics possessed better compression properties before and after washes and retain their durability after repeated use, whereas knitted stretchable fabrics lost their compression ability after repeated use and the required sub-garment pressure of the knitted structures after 15 washes was almost half that of woven bi-stretch fabrics.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Maqsood, M. and Nawab, Y. and Umar, J. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K.}, year={2017}, pages={522–527} }
 @article{composite materials testing_2017, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/27557872/}, journal={Advanced Textile Testing Techniques}, year={2017} }
 @book{shaker_nawab_2017, title={Composite materials testing}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85054228766&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1201/b21272}, journal={Advanced Textile Testing Techniques}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={247–270} }
 @book{nawab_ali hamdani_shaker_2017, title={Conventional woven structures}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85052770074&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1201/9781315390406}, journal={Structural Textile Design: Interlacing and Interlooping}, author={Nawab, Y. and Ali Hamdani, S.T. and Shaker, K.}, year={2017}, pages={47–83} }
 @article{afzal_ahmad_rasheed_ahmad_iftikhar_nawab_2017, title={INFLUENCE OF FABRIC PARAMETERS ON THERMAL COMFORT PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLE LAYER KNITTED INTERLOCK FABRICS}, volume={17}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/990648/}, DOI={10.1515/AUT-2015-0037}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Autex Research Journal}, author={Afzal, A. and Ahmad, S. and Rasheed, A. and Ahmad, F. and Iftikhar, F. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={20–26} }
 @article{ameer_shaker_ashraf_karahan_nawab_ahmad_ali nasir_2017, title={Interdependence of moisture, mechanical properties, and hydrophobic treatment of jute fibre-reinforced composite materials}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/990649/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2017.1285201}, abstractNote={Abstract Despite cheap and sustainable in nature, the use of natural fiber composites is limited due to their high moisture absorption, poor fiber–matrix interface, and lack of data on evolution of properties when subjected to environmental factor such as temperature and humidity. The aim of this research is to study the interdependence of moisture regain, hydrophobic treatment, and the mechanical properties of jute fiber-reinforced composite materials. Composite samples made from treated and untreated jute fiber-reinforced composites were exposed to humid environment and their moisture regain, mechanical properties and fiber-matrix interface was tested at given time intervals until four weeks. The composites produced with hydrophobic treated reinforcement showed lesser moisture regain and improvement in the tensile and flexural strengths compared to untreated fabric composite. A clear improvement in fiber-resin interface was observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The dynamic mechanical analysis of treated and untreated composites was conducted in a temperature range 20–140 °C. An increase in the storage modulus of treated composite materials was noted as compared to untreated ones. Furthermore, it was concluded that developed composite loss their mechanical properties linearly with immersion time. However, this aging was slow in treated fabric composites especially hybrid fluorocarbon and fluorocarbon.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Ameer, M.H. and Shaker, K. and Ashraf, M. and Karahan, M. and Nawab, Y. and Ahmad, S. and Ali Nasir, M.}, year={2017}, pages={1768–1776} }
 @article{nazir_shaker_nawab_fazal_khan_umair_2017, title={Investigating the effect of material and weave design on comfort properties of bilayer-woven fabrics}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/724583/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1247616}, abstractNote={Abstract The paper focuses on the development of a bilayer-woven fabric and investigating the effect of weave design and material type on its comfort properties. Face layer was plain woven with cotton yarn, while two different weave designs (2/2 and 3/1 twill) and four different materials (cotton, polyester, micropolyester and nylon) were used for the back layer. The comfort properties of fabric, including air permeability (AP), thermal resistance, water vapour resistance and overall moisture management capacity, were determined. It was found that both the layers of fabric as a whole contribute to the comfort properties of bilayer fabric. The highest AP was exhibited by fabrics having both layers of cotton, while 3/1 twill samples have a lower value of thermal resistance as compared to the 2/2 twill samples. The results further showed that micro polyester woven in 3/1 twill weave exhibits better comfort properties.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Nazir, M.U. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Fazal, M.Z. and Khan, M.I. and Umair, M.}, year={2017}, pages={1319–1326} }
 @article{umar_shaker_ahmad_nawab_umair_maqsood_2017, title={Investigating the mechanical behavior of composites made from textile industry waste}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/442702/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1193982}, abstractNote={Abstract Recycling the waste for environmental protection has been an important challenge for the mankind. The fibrous waste in textile industry accounts for approximately 15% of the amount of fibers used, leading to a lower yield %. The current study focused to use this waste as reinforcement to produce a fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Reinforcements were woven in 3/1 S twill, using yarn produced from noil waste and knitting waste in the weft direction. The weft yarn count, type of waste material and number of picks were the variables of study. Laminated composites were fabricated from these reinforcements and the mechanical properties (tensile, bending and impact) were compared to the conventional glass fiber composites. The specific mechanical properties of these composites were found comparable or less than that of glass fiber composites.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Umar, M. and Shaker, K. and Ahmad, S. and Nawab, Y. and Umair, M. and Maqsood, M.}, year={2017}, pages={835–839} }
 @article{ashraf_nawab_umair_shaker_karahan_2017, title={Investigation of mechanical behavior of woven/knitted hybrid composites}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/607787/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1258951}, abstractNote={Abstract The objective of this research is to develop the woven/knitted hybrid composites for improved in plane as well as out of plane mechanical properties. Two different type of structures and two different materials were used in this study. Firstly, the woven and knitted fabrics were developed with glass and Kevlar yarn. Secondly, the laminated composite samples were fabricated with different stacking sequence of fabric plies. The epoxy resin was used as matrix. The cured samples were characterized for impact, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. The behavior of composite materials was then analyzed with percentages of different fiber and fabric types. The samples with higher percentages of knitted reinforcement gave better impact strength but failed to provide better tensile properties. Moreover, the samples with higher percentages of woven structure and glass materials gives better modulus values.}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Ashraf, W. and Nawab, Y. and Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Karahan, M.}, year={2017}, pages={1510–1517} }
 @article{investigation of multi-layered woven car seatbelts with optimum performance_2017, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/990646/}, journal={Industria Textila}, year={2017} }
 @article{zulifqar_shaker_nawab_umair_baitab_maqsood_2017, title={Investigation of multi-layered woven car seatbelts with optimum performance}, volume={68}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85020037207&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={Industria Textila}, author={Zulifqar, A. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Umair, M. and Baitab, D.M. and Maqsood, M.}, year={2017}, pages={77–82} }
 @article{maqsood_hussain_ahmad_nawab_2017, title={Multi-response optimization of mechanical and comfort properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics using grey relational analysis in Taguchi method}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/442701/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1191721}, abstractNote={Abstract The present paper envisages the multi-response optimization of certain factors like elastane linear density, fabric thread density and weave float on some mechanical, (i.e. stretch %, recovery %) and comfort (i.e. air permeability) properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics, under L18 orthogonal array in Taguchi design. Fabric samples were produced using elastane core-spun cotton yarns both in the warp and weft. The elastane linear density, fabric thread density and weave float size were used as predictor variables, while fabric air permeability, stretch and recovery were taken as response variables. Two different elastane linear densities, i.e. 44 dtex and 78 dtex, 3 different thread densities and 3 different weave designs, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill and 3/3 z-twill were used. The results have been analysed using grey relational analysis for the identification of an optimum level of process factors. Furthermore, using analysis of variance method, significant contributions of predictor variables were determined.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Maqsood, M. and Hussain, T. and Ahmad, N. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={794–802} }
 @article{jabbar_shaker_umair_nawab_2017, title={Optimizing the performance of woven protective gloves using grey relational analysis}, volume={108}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85009758501&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2017.1281709}, abstractNote={Abstract This study investigates the performance level of different protective gloves produced from woven fabrics, and optimizing their performance using grey relational analysis (GRA). The fabric areal density and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) dotting were the variables used to produce nine different glove samples. The performance of developed gloves was evaluated in terms of abrasion resistance, blade cut resistance, puncture resistance and tear strength. It was concluded that cut and puncture resistance are not affected by dotting type or increase in areal density (GSM). Tear resistance is improved by increasing GSM of the fabric, while abrasion resistance increases with increase in the diameter of dot. The grey relational analysis was performed to optimize the performance of gloves. It was found that the glove produced with 559 GSM fabric and 35 dots/inch2 offered best performance against all responses.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Jabbar, M. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={1715–1719} }
 @article{ahmad_ashraf_ali_shaker_umair_afzal_nawab_rasheed_2017, title={Preparation of conductive polyethylene terephthalate yarns by deposition of silver & copper nanoparticles}, volume={25}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85032675551&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5604/01.3001.0010.4623}, abstractNote={The assemblage of textiles and electronics in a single structure has led to the development of smart textiles for functional purposes and special products. Conductive yarn as a necessary component of smart textiles is being developed by a number of techniques. The objective of the current study was to impart conductivity to yarn by coating the silver and copper nanoparticles on the surface of multifilament polyester textile fibres. The surface morphology and electrical conductivity of the coated yarns were investigated. The wash ability of the conductive yarns developed was also studied. The yarns showed good retention of the nanoparticles, as proven by the very small loss of the conductivity of the material.}, number={5}, journal={Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe}, author={Ahmad, S. and Ashraf, M. and Ali, A. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Afzal, A. and Nawab, Y. and Rasheed, A.}, year={2017}, pages={25–30} }
 @article{maqsood_khan_shaker_umair_nawab_2017, title={Recycling of warp size materials and comparison of yarn mechanical properties sized with recycled materials and virgin materials}, volume={108}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961209107&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1153875}, abstractNote={Warp sizing is an established method for improving the weaveability of textile yarns by coating or impregnating warp yarns with a polymer that improves the efficiency of the weaving operation. Despite its high cost, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) normally shows better adhesion to fibers than other sizing agents like starch which makes it an essential constituent of size liquor recipe. However PVA desized effluent is a major chemical oxygen demand contributor to a textile plant’s primary oxygenation treatment of water operation and being biologically inert and presents a major threat to the environment. Therefore, the recovery and recycling of PVA will not only be cost-effective but will also be eco-friendly. The aim of this research work is to recycle the warp size materials and to study the comparison of yarn mechanical properties sized with recycled materials to the properties of yarn sized with conventional sizing. Ultrafiltration reverse osmosis technology is used for the recovery and recycling of PVA size material. For this purpose, Ne 16/1 and Ne 21/1 carded 100% cotton yarns were used and sized with both conventional sizing recipe and by 50% recycled PVA together with 50% fresh sizing recipe. It was found that yarn sized through recycled PVA sizing recipe has almost the same (slightly lower) mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation and abrasion resistance as compared to yarn sized through conventional sizing recipe.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Maqsood, M. and Khan, M.I. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={84–88} }
 @article{aaboud_saouab_nawab_2017, title={Simulation of air bubble’s creation, compression, and transport phenomena in resin transfer moulding}, volume={51}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85033795813&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0021998317697481}, abstractNote={ The presence of air bubbles impacts the quality of the produced composite part, by reducing its mechanical properties, and also it might degrade its surface finish. The modelling of air bubbles entrapment requires the consideration of three phenomena: air bubble’s creation, compression and transport. Very few studies have been conducted on this latter phenomenon. The model developed in this work is proposed for a unidirectional reinforcement. It is integrated into a simulation code of resin transfer moulding process, via the control volume finite element method. That model takes into account the dual scale pores in fibrous media, and simulates the three said phenomena highlighting the migration phenomenon and the coexistence of micro and macro air bubbles. As a result, the spatial distribution of created, compressed and transported air bubbles as well as its macro and micro remaining quantities, in the end of the injection are estimated. }, number={29}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Aaboud, B. and Saouab, A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={4115–4127} }
 @article{umair_shaker_ahmad_hussain_jabbar_nawab_2017, title={Simultaneous Optimization of Woven Fabric Properties Using Principal Component Analysis}, volume={14}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013130900&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/15440478.2017.1279994}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The yarn structure and fabric interlacing pattern are determining parameters for fabric properties. The current study focusses on the multi-response optimization of certain fabric properties like shrinkage, areal density, thickness, flexural rigidity, and bending modulus using principal component analysis for optimum properties. Yarn twist (four different levels), fabric weave design (plain and twill), and yarn type (carded and combed) were the variables of the study. The Taguchi approach of the orthogonal array was sued for designing the experiments, and eight different samples were produced. The yarn twist and fabric weave design were found to have significant effect on these properties of the fabric. Furthermore, using analysis of the variance method, contribution% of parameters to these properties was determined.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Natural Fibers}, author={Umair, M. and Shaker, K. and Ahmad, N. and Hussain, M. and Jabbar, M. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={846–857} }
 @article{shaker_jabbar_karahan_karahan_nawab_2017, title={Study of dynamic compressive behaviour of aramid and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar}, volume={51}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/990653/}, DOI={10.1177/0021998316635241}, abstractNote={ In this paper, high strain rate compression properties of aramid and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites in the out-of-plane direction are tested at room temperature on a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus. Tests were conducted on composites reinforced with woven or Uni-Directional (UD) fabrics made from aramid or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as well as on composites reinforced with hybrid reinforcement. The strain rate is varied in the tests by changing the projectile shooting pressure. Four different pressures 2, 4, 6 and 8 bar were selected to change the strain rate. Stress–strain and energy absorption behaviour of eight type of samples were noted. Hybrid samples showed better performance in the energy absorption compared with other samples. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Shaker, K. and Jabbar, A. and Karahan, M. and Karahan, N. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={81–94} }
 @article{liaqat_samad_hamdani_nawab_2017, title={The development of novel auxetic woven structure for impact applications}, volume={108}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/724584/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2016.1239330}, abstractNote={Abstract Nowadays, the auxetic materials, auxetic reinforcement as well as auxetic composite are under the great attention of scientific research due to having excellent mechanical properties. In the current research work, the impact resistance of composite was improved by modifying the four layer through the thickness woven structure, that was used as reinforcement. A comparison was made between the standard four layer through the thickness and modified four layer through the thickness woven structure in terms of auxeticity and penetration. The modified four layer through the thickness woven structure showed auxetic behavior in both warp and weft direction having less penetration resistance as compared to standard sample. The four layer through the thickness non-auxetic woven structures and modified auxetic four layer thorough the thickness woven structures were used as reinforcements to develop composite for impact resistance comparison. The result showed that impact resistance of auxetic composite was 6.7% greater as compared to the non-auxetic composite. It was concluded that the greater value of impact resistance was due to the auxetic behavior of modified four layer through the thickness woven structure.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Liaqat, M. and Samad, H.A. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2017}, pages={1264–1270} }
 @article{shaker_ashraf_jabbar_shahid_nawab_zia_rehman_2016, title={Bioactive woven flax-based composites: Development and characterisation}, volume={46}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000380282200012&KeyUID=WOS:000380282200012}, DOI={10.1177/1528083715591579}, abstractNote={ The natural fibre composites are potential alternative of glass fibre composites for structural applications, automobile and furniture industry, but these are susceptible to the bacterial attack. The current study aims to investigate the bio-functionality of composites using flax woven fabric reinforcement along with ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised by sol–gel method and added in different fractions to unsaturated polyester resin before impregnation of reinforcement. The composites were fabricated by vacuum bag moulding technique, and bioactivity was tested in terms of antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition). The ZnO nanoparticles imparted bioactivity to the composites even in the lowest amount (0.02% by weight). These bioactive composites will help to lower the risk for fibre degradation and enhance the service life of composite, by restricting the growth of bacteria. }, number={2}, journal={Journal of Industrial Textiles}, author={Shaker, K. and Ashraf, M. and Jabbar, M. and Shahid, S. and Nawab, Y. and Zia, J. and Rehman, A.}, year={2016}, pages={549–561} }
 @inproceedings{sonnenfeld_agogué_beauchêne_nawab_saouab_anfray_desjoyeaux_2016, title={Characterization and modelling of spring-in effect on Z-shape composite part}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85018547400&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={ECCM 2016 - Proceeding of the 17th European Conference on Composite Materials}, author={Sonnenfeld, C. and Agogué, R. and Beauchêne, P. and Nawab, Y. and Saouab, A. and Anfray, E. and Desjoyeaux, B.}, year={2016} }
 @article{umair_hussain_shaker_nawab_maqsood_jabbar_2016, title={Effect of woven fabric structure on the air permeability and moisture management properties}, volume={107}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000371639500006&KeyUID=WOS:000371639500006}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2015.1054124}, abstractNote={In this study, six different woven samples were produced on air jet loom with two different weave designs (i.e. 3/1 twill and 1/1 plain), three different picking sequences (i.e. single pick insertion (SPI), double pick insertion (DPI) and three pick insertion (3PI)). All the woven samples were singed, desized, bleached and finished together at industrial scale, as a single lot. The effect of these factors on the wetting, wicking and air permeability (AP) of the fabric samples was analysed. It was revealed that the fabric weave design and picking sequence has statistically significant effect on fabric wetting time, water spreading speed and AP of the fabric. It was found that fabrics woven in twill weave design and with simultaneous 3PI give significantly better AP, shorter wetting time and better water spreading rate as compared to plain woven fabrics and those with double or SPI. It could be concluded that the thermophysiological comfort of woven fabrics may be significantly improved simply by selecting a suitable weave design and picking sequence.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Umair, M. and Hussain, T. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Maqsood, M. and Jabbar, M.}, year={2016}, pages={596–605} }
 @book{nawab_jacquemin_2016, title={From the Characterization and Modeling of Cure-Dependent Properties of Composite Materials to the Simulation of Residual Stresses}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85019039519&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/9781119116288.ch5}, abstractNote={The use of composite materials has increased significantly in recent years in aerospace, naval and other high-tech applications. This chapter provides a discussion on the factors inducing residual stress into the composite parts and its associated problems, methods of determination of composite properties and modeling the residual stress in composite plates using analytical methods. It presents the major parameters that contribute toward the formation of residual stress in the thermoset composites. Determination of composite properties during and after cure is a prerequisite for modeling the residual stress in the composite. The self-consistent model allows determining the macroscopic elasticity tensor, coefficients of thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage of ply from the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the constituents. For the calculation of warpage in the laminated plates, two approaches exist: the linear approach, also named classical laminate theory, and the nonlinear approach.}, journal={Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials: Forming Processes}, author={Nawab, Y. and Jacquemin, F.}, year={2016}, pages={157–174} }
 @article{from the characterization and modeling of cure-dependent properties of composite materials to the simulation of residual stresses_2016, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/51749886/}, journal={Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials: Forming Processes}, year={2016} }
 @article{jabbar_militk?_madhukar kale_rwawiire_nawab_baheti_2016, title={Modeling and analysis of the creep behavior of jute/green epoxy composites incorporated with chemically treated pulverized nano/micro jute fibers}, volume={84}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000373538000028&KeyUID=WOS:000373538000028}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.052}, abstractNote={This paper reports the creep behavior of alkali treated jute/green epoxy composites incorporated with various loadings (1, 5 and 10 wt%) of chemically treated pulverized jute fibers (PJF) at different environment temperatures. Composites were prepared by hand layup method and compression molding technique. The creep and dynamic mechanical tests were performed in three-point bending mode by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The incorporation of PJF is found to significantly improve the creep resistance and strain rate of composites. Three creep models i.e. Burger’s model, Findley’s power law model and a simpler two-parameter power law model were used to model the creep behavior in this study. The time temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was applied to predict the long-term creep performance. The Findley’s power law model was found to be satisfactory in predicting the long-term creep behavior. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results revealed the increase in storage modulus, glass transition temperature and reduction in the tangent delta peak height of composites with higher loading of PJF.}, journal={Industrial Crops and Products}, author={Jabbar, A. and Militk?, J. and Madhukar Kale, B. and Rwawiire, S. and Nawab, Y. and Baheti, V.}, year={2016}, pages={230–240} }
 @article{maqsood_hussain_malik_nawab_2016, title={Modeling the effect of elastane linear density, fabric thread density, and weave float on the stretch, recovery, and compression properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments}, volume={107}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000367899300004&KeyUID=WOS:000367899300004}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2015.1029809}, abstractNote={The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elastane linear density, thread density, and weave float on the stretch, recovery, and compression properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments. Fabric samples were produced using elastane core-spun cotton yarns both in the warp and weft. The elastane linear density, fabric thread density, and weave float size were used as input variables while fabric contraction, subgarment pressure, fabric stretch, and recovery were taken as response variables. Two different elastane linear densities, i.e. 44 and 78 dtex, two different thread densities, and three different weave designs, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill, and 3/3 z-twill were used. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R-sq values) of the regression equations showed good prediction ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of bi-stretch fabrics to attain specific stretch, recovery, and compression properties.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Maqsood, M. and Hussain, T. and Malik, M.H. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2016}, pages={307–315} }
 @article{maqsood_nawab_hamdani_shaker_umair_ashraf_2016, title={Modeling the effect of weave structure and fabric thread density on the barrier effectiveness of woven surgical gowns}, volume={107}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000375320600008&KeyUID=WOS:000375320600008}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2015.1070027}, abstractNote={Surgical gowns are the shielding cloths worn by the surgical team throughout a surgery to save them from blood pathogens of the patient being operated, and to avoid bacterial infections. Barrier effectiveness of a fabric depends upon the liquid penetration resistance and pathogen resistance of the fabric. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different weave structures and fabric thread densities on the barrier effectiveness of the woven surgical gowns. Twelve fabric samples were produced using three different weave structures, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill, and 3/3 z-twill, and four different fabric constructions and then completed with a water repellent finish. Water repellency spray test and air permeability test were conducted on each of the 12 woven samples. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R2 values) of the regression equations show good prediction ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of surgical gowns to attain maximum barrier effectiveness.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Maqsood, M. and Nawab, Y. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Ashraf, W.}, year={2016}, pages={873–878} }
 @article{maqsood_nawab_shaker_umair_ashraf_baitab_hamdani_shahid_2016, title={Modelling the effect of weave structure and fabric thread density on mechanical and comfort properties of woven fabrics}, volume={16}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000380950100006&KeyUID=WOS:000380950100006}, DOI={10.1515/aut-2015-0032}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Autex Research Journal}, author={Maqsood, M. and Nawab, Y. and Shaker, K. and Umair, M. and Ashraf, M. and Baitab, D.M. and Hamdani, S.T.A. and Shahid, S.}, year={2016}, pages={160–164} }
 @article{koyuncu_karahan_karahan_shaker_nawab_2016, title={Static and dynamic mechanical properties of cotton/epoxy green composites}, volume={24}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000383561400016&KeyUID=WOS:000383561400016}, DOI={10.5604/12303666.1201139}, abstractNote={A study on the effect of alkaline treatment on the mechanical properties of cotton fabric reinforced epoxy composites is presented in this paper. One hour treatment of cotton fabric was performed using three different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. 1% NaOH treated fabric reinforced composites exhibited maximum improvement in tensile strength. It was concluded that the said NaOH concentration improves interfacial adhesion between the cotton fabric and epoxy resin. Moreover the morphology of the fracture surface, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated that surface treatment can yield better adhesion between the fabric and matrix, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results revealed that alkali treated (1% and 3% NaOH) fabric composites exhibit higher storage moduli and glass transition temperature (Tg) values as compared to the untreated fabric composites. However, for all the composite specimens, the storage modulus decreased with increasing temperature (25 100 °C). Tg values of 50.9, 56.7, 52.8 and 37.7 °C were recorded for the untreated and (1%, 3% and 5%) treated composites, respectively. The tan δ values decreased for all the composites with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced interactions between the polymer matrix and fabric reinforcement.}, number={4}, journal={Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe}, author={Koyuncu, M. and Karahan, M. and Karahan, N. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2016}, pages={105–111} }
 @article{shaker_umair_maqsood_nawab_ahmad_rasheed_ashraf_basit_2015, title={A Statistical Approach for Obtaining the Controlled Woven Fabric Width}, volume={15}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000368423600005&KeyUID=WOS:000368423600005}, DOI={10.1515/aut-2015-0008}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Autex Research Journal}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Shaker, Khubab and Umair, Muhammad and Maqsood, Muhammad and Nawab, Yasir and Ahmad, Sheraz and Rasheed, Abher and Ashraf, Munir and Basit, Abdul}, year={2015}, pages={275–279} }
 @article{umair_nawab_malik_shaker_2015, title={Development and characterization of three-dimensional woven-shaped preforms and their associated composites}, volume={34}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000363423700003&KeyUID=WOS:000363423700003}, DOI={10.1177/0731684415608958}, abstractNote={ Three-dimensional multilayer woven preforms are mostly used in high-performance composite applications due to their better in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties. The present study aims to produce and characterize multilayer flax yarn-based three-dimensional-shaped preforms and their corresponding composites. The T- and H-shaped three-dimensional woven preforms were prepared on conventional dobby loom using two types of weaving pattern, i.e., layer-to-layer orthogonal and through thickness orthogonal. Composites were fabricated using open mould technique. Peel strength of T- and H-shaped structures was investigated and compared with laminated structures. Mechanical properties of layer-to-layer-interlocked structures in T and H shapes were found better than TT and laminated structure, both for reinforcement and composite. }, number={24}, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, author={Umair, M. and Nawab, Y. and Malik, M.H. and Shaker, K.}, year={2015}, pages={2018–2028} }
 @article{shaker_nawab_javaid_umair_maqsood_2015, title={Development of 3D woven fabric based pressure switch}, volume={15}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000357191400011&KeyUID=WOS:000357191400011}, DOI={10.1515/aut-2015-0015}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Autex Research Journal}, author={Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Javaid, M.U. and Umair, M. and Maqsood, M.}, year={2015}, pages={148–152} }
 @article{maqsood_nawab_javaid_shaker_umair_2015, title={Development of seersucker fabrics using single warp beam and modelling of their stretch-recovery behaviour}, volume={106}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941167699&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2014.977542}, abstractNote={Seersucker is a thin and puckered fabric used to make clothing for spring. Due to its specific structure, this fabric is held away from the skin when worn, facilitating heat dissipation and air circulation. Seersucker is produced by slack tension weaving using two warp beams. Due to the use of two beams, such fabrics were not possible to weave on conventional (with single warp beam) weaving machines. Additional twin beams arrangement was required for such weaving. The objective of the current study is to produce seersucker fabric on conventional looms using a single warp beam. For achieving this objective, two types of weft yarn: 100% cotton yarns and blended yarns of cotton and elastane (95.67% cotton and 4.33% Lycra) are used in groups. The viscoelastic behaviour of the produced fabric samples is tested using ASTM standard D3107-07. Instant deformation, elastic recovery, creep and relaxation were recorded and plotted as function of Lycra % age.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Maqsood, Muhammad and Nawab, Yasir and Javaid, Muhammad Usman and Shaker, Khubab and Umair, Muhammad}, year={2015}, pages={1154–1160} }
 @article{ashraf_nawab_maqsood_khan_awais_ahmad_ashraf_ahmad_2015, title={Development of seersucker knitted fabric for better comfort properties and aesthetic appearance}, volume={16}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000351806000029&KeyUID=WOS:000351806000029}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-015-0699-0}, number={3}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Ashraf, W. and Nawab, Y. and Maqsood, M. and Khan, H. and Awais, H. and Ahmad, S. and Ashraf, M. and Ahmad, S.}, year={2015}, pages={699–701} }
 @article{ali_shaker_nawab_ashraf_basit_shahid_umair_2015, title={Impact of hydrophobic treatment of jute on moisture regain and mechanical properties of composite material}, volume={34}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84945116365&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0731684415610007}, abstractNote={ This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, and hybrid fluorocarbon on the mechanical properties and moisture regain of jute fiber reinforced composite materials. A significant difference in moisture regain values of treated and untreated reinforcement samples was observed, when the concentration of chemical finish (hybrid fluorocarbs) was 40 g/L. The composite made from treated reinforcement regained very low moisture content as well as exhibited improved mechanical properties (tensile and flexural strength). Having both characteristics (hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups) in hybrid fluorocarbon, the treated jute fibers and corresponding composites showed better properties as compared to counterparts treated by other two chemicals, due to better interface. }, number={24}, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, author={Ali, A. and Shaker, K. and Nawab, Y. and Ashraf, M. and Basit, A. and Shahid, S. and Umair, M.}, year={2015}, pages={2059–2068} }
 @article{nawab_casari_boyard_sobotka_jacquemin_2015, title={In situ characterization of in-plane chemical shrinkage of thermoset laminated composites using a simple setup}, volume={34}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000355327000007&KeyUID=WOS:000355327000007}, DOI={10.1177/0731684415584634}, abstractNote={ Cure shrinkage in the thermoset matrix is the major source of cure-induced defects in composite parts for industrial applications. Thus, its correct determination is very important to optimize the composite fabrication process. In general, volume chemical shrinkage of resin is tested and assuming it is isotropic, rule of mixture or a homogenization technique is used to model the linear chemical shrinkage of composite. Some studies are also found in the literature on the measurement of linear chemical shrinkage of very small composite samples under atmospheric pressure. In the present article, a new setup is presented for the measurement of evolution of in-plane chemical shrinkage of thermoset laminated composite during curing. Using this setup, characterization of mass scale samples was done under pressure and heating ramp conditions. Degree of cure of composite during the test was determined using differential scanning calorimeter. Results show that chemical shrinkage in the composite appears from gel point and its evolution with the degree of cure is nonlinear. Experimental results also led to conclusion that most of the chemical shrinkage occur along the thickness direction. }, number={11}, journal={Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, author={Nawab, Y. and Casari, P. and Boyard, N. and Sobotka, V. and Jacquemin, F.}, year={2015}, pages={931–938} }
 @article{khan_ashraf_hussain_rehman_malik_raza_nawab_zia_2015, title={In situ deposition of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles on polyester fabric and study of its functional properties}, volume={16}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000355360300017&KeyUID=WOS:000355360300017}, DOI={10.1007/s12221-015-1092-8}, number={5}, journal={Fibers and Polymers}, author={Khan, M.Z. and Ashraf, M. and Hussain, T. and Rehman, A. and Malik, M.M. and Raza, Z.A. and Nawab, Y. and Zia, Q.}, year={2015}, pages={1092–1097} }
 @article{nawab_park_saouab_agogué_beauchêne_2015, title={Modeling the Residual Stress in Woven Thermoset Composites Parts for Aerospace Applications Using Finite Element Methods}, volume={1099}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1099.32}, abstractNote={Process induced residual stresses in thermoset composite parts is one of significant issue faced by the industry. Its Modelling is a coupled multiphysics phenomena. Precise information about the chemical shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, cure kinetics, heat transfer and constitutive equation are required for an accurate simulation. In this article, spring-in angle induced in woven carbon/epoxy composite bracket is modelled by solving the thermo-kinetics and thermo-mechanics coupling simultaneously in a commercial finite element software. The obtained values of spring-in angle using numerical simulation are compared with those found in the literature and both are found in agreement.}, journal={{Amr}}, publisher={Trans Tech Publications}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Park, Chung Hae and Saouab, Abdelghani and Agogué, Romain and Beauchêne, Pierre}, year={2015}, pages={32–36} }
 @inproceedings{jabbar_nawab_ashraf_shaker_2015, title={Numerical analysis of self-healing composite materials}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84926341127&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1109/IBCAST.2015.7058476}, abstractNote={For manufacturing of long life and sustainable materials, self-healing composites are an emerging concept. Mixing of resin with microcapsules containing healing agent is the best way to achieve this purpose. Curing of composites during thermal cycle leads to rise in temperature at core due to entrapment of heat of reaction and it may cause degradation of mixed capsules. In the present work thermal stability of microcapsules during fabrication of unidirectional thermoset carbon/epoxy self-healing composite is studied. For this purpose heat transfer coupled with cure kinetics and structural mechanics equation are solved using finite element methods. Analysis of samples, having thickness in the range 2mm-60mm, provides the information if capsules in the composite degrade as well as the quantity of degraded capsules.}, booktitle={Proceedings of 2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, IBCAST 2015}, author={Jabbar, M. and Nawab, Y. and Ashraf, M. and Shaker, K.}, year={2015}, pages={40–43} }
 @article{maqsood_hussain_nawab_shaker_umair_2015, title={Prediction of warp and weft yarn crimp in cotton woven fabrics}, volume={106}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000369848500005&KeyUID=WOS:000369848500005}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2014.981041}, abstractNote={The aim of this study was to develop statistical models for the prediction of warp and weft crimp percentage of cotton woven fabrics. The developed models are based on the empirical data obtained from carefully developed 60 fabric samples with different yarn linear densities, fabric densities, and weave designs. The predictability and accuracy of the developed models was assessed by correlation analysis of the predicted and actual crimp values of another set of eight fabric samples which was not used for the development of models. The results show fairly good capability and accuracy of the prediction models.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Maqsood, Muhammad and Hussain, Tanveer and Nawab, Yasir and Shaker, Khubab and Umair, Muhammad}, year={2015}, pages={1180–1189} }
 @article{haji_saouab_nawab_2015, title={Simulation of coupling filtration and flow in a dual scale fibrous media}, volume={76}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84935036899&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.06.004}, abstractNote={In this article, numerical simulation of suspension (particles filled-resin) flow through a fibrous media taking into account dual scale porosity in LCM (Liquid Composite Molding) processes is presented. During the flow, a strong interaction between the particle motion and the fluid flow takes place at the porous media wall (the fiber bundle surface). In this study, the Stokes–Darcy coupling is used to describe the resin flow at mesoscopic scale to treat the particles in suspension. A “fluid” model to describe the suspension flow, a “filtration” model to describe the particle capture and a “solid” model dedicated to the modeling of mass particles dynamics was used. The “solid” model is also operated to identify the particles retention. For validation, the numerical results of proposed model were compared with the experimental results from the literature and found in good agreement. Then, other numerical results studying the suspension’s rheological behavior are presented.}, journal={Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing}, author={Haji, H. and Saouab, A. and Nawab, Y.}, year={2015}, pages={272–280} }
 @article{nawab_boyard_jaquemin_2014, title={Effect of pressure and reinforcement type on the volume chemical shrinkage in thermoset resin and composite}, volume={48}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000344067400001&KeyUID=WOS:000344067400001}, DOI={10.1177/0021998313502692}, abstractNote={ The diverse use of thermoset composite materials is increasing day by day in industrial applications. This has led to the development of several fabrication techniques, use of various reinforcement types, and different fabrication conditions to achieve a composite part with required properties. Despite all these technological advancements, there is a shear need to investigate and understand the effect of all these factors on the curing process. Volume chemical shrinkage of resin is one such property, which has been studied by several authors for a given value of applied pressure. A few studies have reported results on volume chemical shrinkage of composites for one type of reinforcement and for a single applied pressure. In the present work, experiments on vinylester resin and associated glass fibres composites were conducted under two different pressures. The tested composites were containing unidirectional fibres ([0] and [0/90]) and plain woven fabric with two different fibre volume fractions. The results of these experiments, carried out in a plunger type dilatometer, led us to show the effect of fibre fraction, type of reinforcement, and applied pressure on the volume chemical shrinkage of vinylester resin. }, number={26}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Nawab, Y. and Boyard, N. and Jaquemin, F.}, year={2014}, pages={3191–3199} }
 @article{nawab_park_saouab_agogué_beauchêne_desjoyaux_2014, title={Shape Distortion of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Parts During Fabrication}, volume={340}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000340086200007&KeyUID=WOS:000340086200007}, DOI={10.1002/masy.201300124}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={1}, journal={Macromolecular Symposia}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Park, Chung Hae and Saouab, Abdelghani and Agogué, Romain and Beauchêne, Pierre and Desjoyaux, Bertrand}, year={2014}, pages={59–64} }
 @article{nawab_casari_boyard_jacquemin_2013, title={Characterization of the cure shrinkage, reaction kinetics, bulk modulus and thermal conductivity of thermoset resin from a single experiment}, volume={48}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000313038000013&KeyUID=WOS:000313038000013}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-012-7026-6}, abstractNote={The use of thermoset composites has increased remarkably during the recent past in naval, automobile and aeronautical applications. Despite superior mechanical behaviour, certain problems, e.g. shape distortion, fibre buckling and matrix cracking, are induced in composite part, especially during fabrication due to the heterogeneous nature of such materials. Excellent control of the curing process is required for production of a composite part with required shape and properties. For an accurate simulation of the curing process, exact knowledge of cure-dependent polymer properties and heat transfer is needed. Several instruments are required to identify these parameters, which is time consuming, and costly. In the present study, results on the simultaneous characterization of bulk modulus, chemical shrinkage and degree of cure of vinylester resin using PVT-α device are presented. Determination of cure and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the matrix using the same device is also discussed. The obtained results are compared with the available literature results.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Materials Science}, publisher={Springer Science + Business Media}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Casari, Pascal and Boyard, Nicolas and Jacquemin, Frédéric}, year={2013}, pages={2394–2403} }
 @article{nawab_shahid_boyard_jacquemin_2013, title={Chemical shrinkage characterization techniques for thermoset resins and associated composites}, volume={48}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000319575900001&KeyUID=WOS:000319575900001}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-013-7333-6}, abstractNote={Control and optimization of curing process is very important for the production of high quality composite parts. Crosslinking of molecules of thermoset resin occurs in this phase, which involves exothermy of reaction, chemical shrinkage (Sh) and development of thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties. Exact knowledge of the evolution of all these parameters is required for the better understanding and improvement of the fabrication process. Sh is one such property of thermoset matrix, which is difficult to characterize due to its coupling with thermal expansion/contraction. A number of techniques have been used to determine volume Sh of thermoset matrix, which later on has been used to find tensor of Sh for the simulation of residual stresses and shape distortion of composite part, etc. Direct characterization of volume Sh of composites has also been made by some authors. Though not much, but some work has also been reported to determine the Sh of composite part in a specific direction. In this article, all the techniques used in the literature for the characterization of Sh of resin and composite are reported briefly with their respective advantages, disadvantage and important results.}, number={16}, journal={Journal of Materials Science}, publisher={Springer Science + Business Media}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Shahid, Salma and Boyard, Nicolas and Jacquemin, Frédéric}, year={2013}, pages={5387–5409} }
 @article{nawab_jaquemin_casari_boyard_sobotka_2013, title={Evolution of chemical and thermal curvatures in thermoset-laminated composite plates during the fabrication process}, volume={47}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000313902100005&KeyUID=WOS:000313902100005}, DOI={10.1177/0021998312440130}, abstractNote={ Residual deformations and stresses formation in the thermoset-laminated composite is a frequently studied subject in the recent years. During fabrication, the laminated composites undergo chemical deformation during cross-linking and thermal deformation while cooling. In thin laminates, due to large displacements and complex evolution of shape, these deformations can only be explained by using nonlinear strain–displacement relationship. In the present article, we calculated together for the first time, the thermal and chemical deformations occurring in carbon/epoxy laminates by considering a nonlinear geometrical approach to understand the evolution of shape and hence residual stresses induced during fabrication process. The effect of fibre fraction on the chemical and thermal deformations is studied as well. }, number={3}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Nawab, Y. and Jaquemin, F. and Casari, P. and Boyard, N. and Sobotka, V.}, year={2013}, pages={327–339} }
 @article{nawab_jacquemin_casari_boyard_borjon-piron_sobotka_2013, title={Study of variation of thermal expansion coefficients in carbon/epoxy laminated composite plates}, volume={50}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000320631000018&KeyUID=WOS:000320631000018}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.02.002}, abstractNote={Thermal expansion is an important property to define the end use application, and to model residual stresses and related problems in a composite part. Thus its accurate determination is essential. In laminated composites, this parameter depends largely on the orientation of fibres, fibre fraction, type of resin and reinforcement, etc. In this article, numerical results on the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) at different angles in the composite plates (having different stacking sequences of plies) found using finite element analysis are presented. Experimental values of these coefficients for [0/90] are found in satisfactory agreement with the simulations. Finally, a mathematical model is proposed for modelling these coefficients.}, journal={Composites Part B: Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Jacquemin, Frédéric and Casari, Pascal and Boyard, Nicolas and Borjon-Piron, Yann and Sobotka, Vincent}, year={2013}, pages={144–149} }
 @article{nawab_tardif_boyard_sobotka_casari_jacquemin_2012, title={Determination and modelling of the cure shrinkage of epoxy vinylester resin and associated composites by considering thermal gradients}, volume={73}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000311597100012&KeyUID=WOS:000311597100012}, DOI={10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.09.018}, abstractNote={Quantification and understanding of the evolution of chemical shrinkage of thermoset polymers is of crucial importance for modelling of residual strains and stresses. Thermal properties of resin and the strong coupling between chemical reactions and thermal fields lead to non-negligible thermal and curing degree gradients in the part. In this paper, modelling of the volume chemical shrinkages of an unsaturated epoxy vinylester resin and associated glass fibre composites is proposed, by taking into account the coupling between volume variation and thermal gradients. Modelling is also compared with the measurements done with a home-made instrument (PVT–α). Results suggest that chemical shrinkage is non linear as a function of degree of cure. Moreover, for an equal mass of resin, chemical shrinkage of resin carrying fibres is lesser than the neat resin.}, number={1}, journal={Composites Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Tardif, Xavier and Boyard, Nicolas and Sobotka, Vincent and Casari, Pascal and Jacquemin, Frédéric}, year={2012}, pages={81–87} }
 @article{nawab_boyard_sobotka_casari_jacquemin_2012, title={Measurement and modelling of chemical shrinkage of thermoset composites}, volume={504-506}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/277496/}, DOI={10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.504-506.1129}, abstractNote={Knowledge of resin chemical shrinkage is crucial for the determination of residual strains, stresses and warpage of composite parts during curing. Shrinkage measurement is more accurate on several millimetre thick samples. However, in that case thermal properties of resin and the strong coupling between thermoset chemical reactions (generally rapid and strongly exothermal) and thermal fields lead to non-negligible thermal and curing gradients in the piece. It is then necessary to take these variations into account to have an accurate description of the shrinkage. In the present study, a home built device "PVT-α" mould is used to measure the volume variation of vinylester resin and associated composites during the curing and then shrinkage is identified by considering these gradients. The results demonstrate that a linear evolution of the shrinkage with conversion degree is a good model to describe the chemical effect on the global volume behavior of the piece. The contribution of chemical and thermal effects on volume curve is quantified.}, journal={Key Engineering Materials}, publisher={Trans Tech Publications}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Boyard, Nicolas and Sobotka, Vincent and Casari, Pascal and Jacquemin, Frédéric}, year={2012}, pages={1129–1134} }
 @book{nawab_jacquemin_casari_boyard_sobotka_2012, title={Shape evolution of carbon epoxy laminated composite during curing}, volume={504-506}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84857188497&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.1145}, abstractNote={The laminated composites undergo chemical deformation on cross-linking and thermal deformation while cooling during fabrication process. In thin laminates, due to large displacements and complex shape evolution, these deformations can only be explained by using nonlinear strain-displacement relationship. In the present article, the thermal and chemical deformations occurring in carbon/epoxy laminates are calculated together for the first time by considering a non-linear geometrical approach, to understand the evolution of shape and hence residual stresses induced during fabrication process.}, journal={Key Engineering Materials}, publisher={Trans Tech Publications}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Jacquemin, Frédéric and Casari, Pascal and Boyard, Nicolas and Sobotka, Vincent}, year={2012}, pages={1145–1150} }
 @article{nawab_legrand_koncar_2012, title={Study of changes in 3D-woven multilayer interlock fabric preforms while forming}, volume={103}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/277497/}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2012.676267}, abstractNote={Multilayer woven reinforcements are increasingly employed in the domain of composite materials. Delamination occurrence and resultant failure of a laminated composite piece subjected to high vibrations, is an issue of much concern in aeronautics. The situation becomes more complex in case of bended/curved pieces. In order to improve through the thickness mechanical properties, 3D-woven multilayer interlock fabric is used as composite reinforcement. Structural changes, i.e. thickness change, relative slippage of layers, change in tow aspect ratio and change of orientation of the tows columns, etc. occur in such fabrics during the forming process. These changes may lead to the gradient of the resin amount in composite, internal stresses and variations of mechanical properties in the piece. No significant research has been conducted on this aspect. Lack of knowledge or neglecting these changes may lead to prejudicial estimations of ultimate mechanical properties and fracture analysis. In the present article, the changes that occurred in 5-layer and 13-layer 3D-woven multilayer interlock fabrics have been studied, when moulded at five different angles and two different bending radii. A significant change in thickness, tow aspect ratio, tow orientation and relative layer slippage is observed.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, author={Nawab, Y. and Legrand, X. and Koncar, V.}, year={2012}, pages={1273–1279} }
 @article{nawab_boyard_sobotka_casari_jacquemin_2011, title={A device to measure the shrinkage and heat transfers during the curing cycle of thermoset composites}, volume={326}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/277498/}, DOI={10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.326.19}, abstractNote={Residual stresses development during manufacturing of composites depends mostly on the shrinkage behaviour of the polymer matrix from the point where stresses cannot be relaxed anymore. The matrix shrinkage may have a thermal and/or chemical origin and can leads to dimensional instability, ply cracking, delamination and fibre buckling. The approaches for measuring cure shrinkage can be classified as volume and non-volume dilatometry. Each technique has corresponding advantages and drawbacks but volume dilatometry is the one that is mostly used. In the present article, we report a home-built apparatus, named PVT-a mould, on which temperature, volume change and reaction conversion degree are measured simultaneously for an applied pressure. It can also be used to study the composite during curing and for the bulk samples having several millimetre thicknesses. The instrument is preferred over other techniques as it works in conditions close to the industrial ones. This device was used to measure cure shrinkage of resin and thermoset composite material with different fibre fractions as a function of temperature and reaction conversion degree. The heat of cure of the resin measured by PVT-a mould was compared to the results obtained by DSC.}, journal={Advanced Materials Research}, publisher={Trans Tech Publications}, author={Nawab, Yasir and Boyard, Nicolas and Sobotka, Vincent and Casari, Pascal and Jacquemin, Frédéric}, year={2011}, pages={19–28} }