@article{deng_duarte_kim_2024, title={Effects of Soy protein concentrate replacing conventional soybean meal on intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli.}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skae102.140}, abstractNote={Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of various levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing conventional soybean meal (SBM) on various parameters related to intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs under F18+ Escherichia coli challenge. Newly weaned pigs [n = 72; initial body weight (BW) = 6.6 ± 0.3 kg] were randomly allotted to 6 treatment groups based on randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks and fed for 25 d (P1/2 for 11/14 d, respectively). The treatment groups were 1) NC: a diet with conventional SBM, 2) PC: NC with F18+ E. coli challenge at d 7 (2.1 × 1010 CFU); 3) T1: PC with 5% SPC replacing conventional SBM; 4) T2: PC with 10% SPC replacing conventional SBM; 55) T3: NC with 10% SPC replacing conventional SBM, and 6) AGP: PC with 0.25% bacitracin methylene disalicylate. At the end of study, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal tissues to measure parameters related to intestinal health. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS. The PC decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) on d 7 to d 25 (post-challenge) compared with NC. The T2 decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI on post-challenge period compared with T3. The ADG tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.067) and ADFI linearly decrease (P < 0.05) on post-challenge period with increasing SPC supplementation replacing SBM in the diets. The E. coli challenge increased (P < 0.05) fecal score in PC, and T2 treatments compared with NC, and T3, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in jejunal mucosa linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing SPC supplementation replacing SBM in nursery diets under E. coli challenge. The PC decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-8 (IL-8) compared with NC. The PC (P = 0.078) and T3 (P = 0.099) tended to decrease immunoglobulin A (IgA) compared with NC. The AGP increased (P < 0.05) IgA compared with PC. The AGP increased (P < 0.05) the expression of occludin (OC) compared with PC. The expression of OC tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.099) with increasing SPC supplementation replacing SBM in nursery diets under E. coli challenge. The T2 increased (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) compared with T3. In conclusion, supplementation of SPC replacing SBM in the diet did not alleviate the deleterious effect of E. coli challenge on growth performance nursery pigs, which might be contributed by reduced feed intake. Additionally, supplementation of SPC seems to exacerbate the negative effect of E. coli challenge with increased intestinal inflammation and intestinal disintegration.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Duarte, Marcos Elias and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2024}, month={May}, pages={125–126} }
 @misc{deng_kim_2024, title={Opportunities and Challenges of Soy Proteins with Different Processing Applications}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-3921"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050569}, DOI={10.3390/antiox13050569}, abstractNote={Soybean meal (SBM) is a prevailing plant protein supplement in animal diets because of its nutritional value and availability. This review paper explores the significance of SBM and processed soy products, emphasizing their nutritional and bioactive components, such as isoflavones and soyasaponins. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are associated with a reduced prevalence of chronic diseases. However, the presence of antinutritional compounds in SBM presents a significant challenge. The paper evaluates various processing methods, including ethanol/acid wash, enzyme treatment, and fermentation, which are aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of soy products. It highlights the significance to maintain a balance between nutritional enhancement and the preservation of beneficial bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of different processing techniques to fully exploit the health benefits of soy-based products. Therefore, this review illuminates the complex balance between nutritional improvement, bioactive compound preservation, and the overall health implications of soy products.}, number={5}, journal={ANTIOXIDANTS}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{deng_duarte_kim_hwang_kim_2023, title={Comparative effects of soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2049-1891"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00888-3}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-023-00888-3}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Duarte, Marcos Elias and Kim, So Young and Hwang, Yunil and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{duarte_deng_eckhardt_kim_2023, title={Effects of Lactobacillus Fermentate Replacing Bacitracin on Biomarkers Associated with Bacterial Cell Wall Recognition and Intestinal Integrity in Pigs}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/66372309/}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.226}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Duarte, Marcos Elias Elias and Deng, Zixiao and Eckhardt, Erik and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={186–187} }
 @article{deng_jang_jalukar_du_kim_2023, title={Efficacy of Feed Additive Containing Bentonite and Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs under Chronic Dietary Challenges of Fumonisin and Aflatoxin}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2072-6651"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070433}, DOI={10.3390/toxins15070433}, abstractNote={This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a feed additive containing bentonite and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary exposure to fumonisin and aflatoxin. Newly weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of four possible treatments: a control diet of conventional corn; a diet of corn contaminated with fumonisin and aflatoxin; a diet of mycotoxin-contaminated corn with 0.2% of feed additive; and a diet of mycotoxin contaminated corn with 0.4% of feed additive. We observed lower average weight gain and average daily feed intake in pigs that were fed only mycotoxin-contaminated corn compared to the control group. Feed additive supplementation linearly increased both average weight gain and feed intake, as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In the jejunum, there was an observed decrease in immunoglobulin A and an increase in claudin-1. Additionally, feed additive supplementation increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio compared to the control. In conclusion, feed additives containing bentonite and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast could mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins on the growth performance of newly weaned pigs by improving intestinal integrity and positively modulating immune response.}, number={7}, journal={TOXINS}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Jang, Ki Beom and Jalukar, Sangita and Du, Xiangwei and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{deng_jang_kim_2023, title={Efficacy of Mycotoxin Mitigation Product Containing Yeast Extract on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Under Chronic Dietary Challenges of Fumonisin and Aflatoxin}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad341.155}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Jang, Ki Beom and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={138–139} }
 @article{deng_duarte_kim_2023, title={Efficacy of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements in mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2405-6545"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007}, abstractNote={This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Fifty-six newly weaned pigs (BW = 6.4 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P; 1, 2, 3) for 10, 12, 13 d, respectively. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet with fish meal (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), poultry meal (P1: 10%, P2: 8%, and P3: 4%), and blood plasma (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), where SPC replacing none (NC); (2) basal diet with SPC replacing fish meal (RFM); (3) basal diet with SPC replacing poultry meal (RPM); (4) basal diet with SPC replacing blood plasma (RBP); and (5) basal diet with SPC replacing all animal protein supplements (PC). Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, RFM, RPM, and RBP did not affect growth performance, whereas PC decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI. The RPM increased (P < 0.05) Prevotella stercorea and decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter rappini. The PC decreased (P < 0.05) H. rappini, whilst increasing (P < 0.05) Prevotella copri, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pelomonas aquatica. The RFM tended to increase (P = 0.096) immunoglobulin A in the jejunum. The PC tended to decrease (P = 0.078) jejunal crypt cell proliferation. There were no differences in the villus height, AID of nutrients, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal oxidative stress among treatments. In conclusion, SPC can replace fish meal, poultry meal, or blood plasma individually without affecting growth performance and intestinal health, and AID of nutrients of nursery pigs. Particularly SPC replacing poultry meal benefitted intestinal health by reducing H. rappini and increasing P. stercorea. However, SPC replacing all three animal protein supplements reduced growth of nursery pigs mainly by reducing feed intake.}, journal={ANIMAL NUTRITION}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Duarte, Marcos Elias and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Sep}, pages={235–248} }
 @article{deng_duarte_kim_2022, title={Effects of soy Protein Concentrate Replacing Animal Protein Supplements on Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Relation to Intestinal Health of Nursery Pigs}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/61555375/}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac247.219}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Duarte, Marcos Elias E. and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={114–114} }
 @article{duarte_deng_baker_kim_2022, title={Impact of Reducing Dietary Protein with Supplementation of 8 Essential Amino Acids and Functional Roles of Supplemental his or Glu on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Finishing Pigs.}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/61555367/}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac247.216}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Duarte, Marcos Elias E. and Deng, Zixiao and Baker, Jonathan and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={112–112} }
 @article{deng_duarte_jang_kim_2022, title={Soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements and its impacts on intestinal immune status, intestinal oxidative stress status, nutrient digestibility, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth performance of nursery pigs}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac255}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac255}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Deng, Zixiao and Duarte, Marcos Elias and Jang, Ki Beom and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }