2022 journal article
mmWave Spatial-Temporal Single Harmonic Switching Transmitter Arrays for High back-off Beamforming Efficiency
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1–1.
Contributors: S. Venkatesh*
arxiv.org (repository)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
(OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 15, 2023
This paper presents a spatial-temporal single harmonic switching (STHS) transmitter array architecture with enhanced efficiency in the power back-off (PBO) region. STHS is an electromagnetic and circuit co-designed and jointly optimized transmitter array that realizes beamforming and back-off power generation at the same time. The temporal dimension is originally added in STHS to achieve back-off efficiency enhancement, which can be combined with conventional PBO enhancement methods such as Doherty amplifiers and envelope tracking. The design is validated through a simulation of a two-stage power amplifier in 65-nm CMOS at 77 GHz, which achieves a peak drain efficiency (DE) of 24.2%, a 22% DE at 3-dB PBO, 16% DE at 6-dB PBO, and 10.2% at 9-dB PBO. The efficiency exhibits a 57% improvement at 3-dB PBO, 100% improvement at 6-dB PBO, and 190% improvement at 9-dB PBO compared with class A/B amplifiers.