Keven Flammer

Works (41)

Updated: April 24th, 2025 06:17

2023 article

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim After Oral Administration of Single and Multiple Doses to Rhode Island Red Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Petritz, O. A., Enomoto, H., Meyer, E. G., Thomson, A., Baynes, R. E., & Flammer, K. (2023, June 21). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 37, pp. 1–12.

By: O. Petritz n , H. Enomoto n, E. Meyer  n, A. Thomson n, R. Baynes n  & K. Flammer n

author keywords: pharmacokinetics; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; safety; avian; chicken; Gallus gallus domesticus
MeSH headings : Animals; Female; Chickens; Rhode Island; Drug Combinations; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / adverse effects; Administration, Oral
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment; Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
TL;DR: Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-TMP maintained therapeutic plasma concentrations at or exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint of Enterobacteriaceae for 72 and 24 hours for TMP and SMZ, respectively, without evidence of adverse effects or drug accumulation. (via Semantic Scholar)
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3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 30, 2023

2021 article

Egg residue and depletion in Rhode Island Red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following multiple oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Enomoto, H., Petritz, O. A., Thomson, A. E., Flammer, K., Ferdous, F., Meyer, E., … Baynes, R. E. (2021, May 10). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 123, p. 104941.

By: H. Enomoto n, O. Petritz n , A. Thomson n, K. Flammer n, F. Ferdous n, E. Meyer *, L. Tell *, R. Baynes n 

author keywords: Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; WDI; LC-MS; Egg; Hen
MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents / toxicity; Chickens; Drug Combinations; Egg Yolk; Eggs / analysis; Female; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Rhode Island; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / administration & dosage; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / analysis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / toxicity
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts; Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
TL;DR: Evaluated the drug elimination parameters in egg components and whole egg to better estimate the withdrawal interval of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following oral administration for 7 days at a purposed dosage regimen. (via Semantic Scholar)
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3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 12, 2021

2017 article

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Balsamo, G., Maxted, A. M., Midla, J. W., Murphy, J. M., Wohrle, R., Edling, T. M., … Tully, T. N. (2017, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: G. Balsamo, A. Maxted, J. Midla, J. Murphy, R. Wohrle, T. Edling, P. Fish*, K. Flammer* ...

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry; Animals; Bird Diseases / diagnosis; Bird Diseases / microbiology; Bird Diseases / prevention & control; Bird Diseases / transmission; Birds; Chlamydophila psittaci; Humans; Pets; Psittacosis / diagnosis; Psittacosis / prevention & control; Psittacosis / transmission; Psittacosis / veterinary; Zoonoses
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Bartonella species infections research; Genital Health and Disease
TL;DR: This compendium provides information about psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis to public health officials, physicians, veterinarians, the pet bird industry, and others concerned with controlling these diseases and protecting public health. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Survey Incentives in Medical Education: What Do Students Say Will Entice Them to Participate in Surveys?

Medical Science Educator, 27(2), 339–344.

By: K. Royal n  & K. Flammer n

topics (OpenAlex): Survey Methodology and Nonresponse; Economic and Environmental Valuation; Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
TL;DR: Investigation of what types of incentives are most likely to be effective for boosting response rates among students in medical and health professions programs, and what odds of winning a prize are most effective given lottery-based scenarios indicates two major findings. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Social media and impression management: Veterinary Medicine students’ and faculty members’ attitudes toward the acceptability of social media posts

Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 4(4), 155–162.

By: A. Kedrowicz, K. Royal & K. Flammer

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: September 8, 2019

2015 journal article

Comparing Veterinary Student and Faculty Perceptions of Academic Misconduct

International Research in Higher Education, 1(1).

By: K. Royal n , R. Schoenfeld-Tacher n  & K. Flammer n

topics (OpenAlex): Academic integrity and plagiarism; Ethics in Business and Education; Innovations in Medical Education
Sources: Crossref, ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Differences Among Veterinary Students’ and Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Appropriate Interactions with Corporate Entities at One US College of Veterinary Medicine

Medical Science Educator, 26(1), 35–38.

By: R. Schoenfeld-Tacher n , K. Royal n  & K. Flammer n

topics (OpenAlex): Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
TL;DR: There were no differences among students based on program year; however, there were significant differences in how faculty and students rated 12/17 scenarios, via the newly developed Interaction with Corporate Entities scale. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Measuring Factors that Influence Decisions to Become a Veterinarian

Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 23–29.

By: K. Royal n , R. Schoenfeld-Tacher n , A. Kedrowicz n , E. Hardie n & K. Flammer n

topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Practice and Education Studies; Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
TL;DR: Results indicate the Career Influence Factors Survey is a psychometrically-sound instrument capable of accurately and reliably measuring veterinary medical students’ motivations for becoming a veterinarian. (via Semantic Scholar)
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2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 article

Assessment of Plasma Concentrations and Potential Adverse Effects of Doxycycline in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) Fed a Medicated Pelleted Diet

Flammer, K., Massey, J. G., Roudybush, T., Meek, C. J., & Papich, M. G. (2013, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 27, pp. 187–193.

By: K. Flammer n, J. Massey n, T. Roudybush n, C. Meek n & M. Papich n 

author keywords: Chlamydophila psittaci; spiral bacteria; antimicrobial drug; doxycycline; pharmacology; avian; cockatiel; Nymphicus hollandicus
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Cockatoos / blood; Doxycycline / adverse effects; Doxycycline / blood; Food Handling; Time Factors
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Bird parasitology and diseases; Microbial infections and disease research
TL;DR: This medicated diet may be suitable for treating spiral bacteria and Chlamydophila psittaci infections in cockatiels that will consume a pelleted diet. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 article

Pharmacokinetics of Butorphanol After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Oral Administration in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis)

Guzman, D. S.-M., Flammer, K., Paul-Murphy, J. R., Barker, S. A., & Tully, T. N. (2011, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: D. Guzman, K. Flammer n, J. Paul-Murphy, S. Barker * & T. Tully *

MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Amazona / blood; Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Area Under Curve; Butorphanol / administration & dosage; Butorphanol / pharmacokinetics; Cross-Over Studies; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary; Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia; Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies; Bird parasitology and diseases
TL;DR: In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, butorphanol tartrate would have to be administered every 2 and 3 hours, respectively, to maintain plasma concentrations consistent with published therapeutic levels, and oral administration resulted in low bioavailability, thus precluding the use of this route of administration for clinical purposes. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 article

Plasma Concentrations of Fluconazole After a Single Oral Dose and Administration in Drinking Water in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Ratzlaff, K., Papich, M. G., & Flammer, K. (2011, March 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 25, pp. 23–31.

By: K. Ratzlaff n, M. Papich n  & K. Flammer n

author keywords: fluconazole; yeast; Candida; pharmacokinetics; compounding; avian; cockatiel; Nymphicus hollandicus
MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents / blood; Antifungal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cockatoos / blood; Fluconazole / administration & dosage; Fluconazole / blood; Fluconazole / pharmacokinetics; Water
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
TL;DR: Investigation of the disposition of fluconazole in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) after single oral dose administration and to determine if therapeutic plasma concentrations could be safely achieved by providing medicated water found it to be possible to maintain plasma concentrations in mostcockatiels that exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of 90% or therapeutic AUC ∶ MIC of most strains of Candida albicans. (via Semantic Scholar)
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6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 article

Evaluating 21-day Doxycycline and Azithromycin Treatments for Experimental Chlamydophila psittaci Infection in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Guzman, D. S.-M., Diaz-Figueroa, O., Tully, T., Ciembor, P., Morgan, T., Walden, M., … Ritchie, B. (2010, March 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: D. Guzman n, O. Diaz-Figueroa n, T. Tully  n, P. Ciembor n, T. Morgan n, M. Walden  n, R. Poston n, K. Flammer n, M. Mitchell  n, B. Ritchie  n

author keywords: Chlamydophila psittaci; avian chlamydiosis; treatment; doxycycline; azithromycin; avian; cockatiel; Nymphicus hollandicus
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Azithromycin / administration & dosage; Azithromycin / therapeutic use; Bird Diseases / drug therapy; Bird Diseases / microbiology; Chlamydophila psittaci / drug effects; Cockatoos; Doxycycline / administration & dosage; Doxycycline / therapeutic use; Drug Administration Schedule; Psittacosis / drug therapy; Psittacosis / veterinary
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Coccidia and coccidiosis research; Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
TL;DR: A 21-day course of either doxycycline or azithromycin was effective in eliminating C psittaci infection in experimentally inoculated cockatiels and suggested that treatment resulted in elimination of the pathogen. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 article

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after oral administration of single and multiple doses in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)

Guzman, D. S.-M., Flammer, K., Papich, M. G., Grooters, A. M., Shaw, S., Applegate, J., & Tully, T. N. (2010, April 1). American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 71, pp. 460–467.

By: D. Guzman *, K. Flammer n, M. Papich n , A. Grooters*, S. Shaw*, J. Applegate*, T. Tully *

MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Amazona / metabolism; Animals; Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents / adverse effects; Antifungal Agents / blood; Antifungal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Drug Administration Schedule; Half-Life; Pyrimidines / administration & dosage; Pyrimidines / adverse effects; Pyrimidines / blood; Pyrimidines / pharmacokinetics; Triazoles / administration & dosage; Triazoles / adverse effects; Triazoles / blood; Triazoles / pharmacokinetics; Voriconazole
topics (OpenAlex): Mosquito-borne diseases and control; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
TL;DR: In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, oral administration of voriconazole was associated with proportional kinetics following administration of single doses and a decrease in plasma concentration after administration of multiple doses. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 article

Assessment of the Microbial Quality of Water Offered to Captive Psittacine Birds

Evans, E. E., Nfee-Osborne, J., Webb, D., Jay, P., & Flammer, K. (2009, May 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: E. Evans n, J. Nfee-Osborne*, D. Webb*, P. Jay* & K. Flammer*

author keywords: water quality; microbial; coliforms; heterotrophs; Pseudomonas; water; avian; Psittaciformes; psittacine birds
MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bacteria / classification; Bacteria / isolation & purification; Psittaciformes; Water Microbiology
topics (OpenAlex): Fecal contamination and water quality; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts; Water Treatment and Disinfection
TL;DR: Results suggest that potentially pathogenic bacteria can be found in water offered to companion psittacine birds, and additional studies are needed to assess whether these bacteria are clinically important causes of disease and to develop husbandry methods that will reduce contamination. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

Administration of doxycycline in drinking water for treatment of spiral bacterial infection in cockatiels

Evans, E. E., Wade, L. L., & Flammer, K. (2008, February 1). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

By: E. Evans n, L. Wade & K. Flammer*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Bacteria / drug effects; Bacteria / growth & development; Bird Diseases / drug therapy; Cockatoos; Doxycycline / administration & dosage; Doxycycline / pharmacokinetics; Doxycycline / therapeutic use; Drinking; Female; Male; Treatment Outcome; Water / chemistry
topics (OpenAlex): Microbial infections and disease research; Bird parasitology and diseases; Reproductive tract infections research
TL;DR: Results suggested that providing drinking water to which doxycycline had been added at a concentration of 400 mg/L was effective in eliminating spiral bacterial infections in cockatiels. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after oral administration of single and multiple doses in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus timneh)

American Journal of Veterinary Research, 69(1), 114–121.

By: K. Flammer n, J. Nettifee Osborne* , D. Webb*, L. Foster*, S. Dillard* & J. Davis*

MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents / blood; Antifungal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Drug Administration Schedule; Psittaciformes / metabolism; Pyrimidines / administration & dosage; Pyrimidines / blood; Pyrimidines / pharmacokinetics; Triazoles / administration & dosage; Triazoles / blood; Triazoles / pharmacokinetics; Voriconazole
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria; Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
TL;DR: Oral administration of 12 to 18 mg of voriconazole/kg twice daily is a rational starting dose for treatment of African grey parrots infected with Aspergillus or other fungal organisms that have a minimal inhibitory concentration for vorIconazole < or = 0.4 microg/mL. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 article

Antibiotic Drug Selection in Companion Birds

Flammer, K. (2006, July 1). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine.

By: K. Flammer n

author keywords: psittacine; avian; pharmacology; drug therapy; antibiotics
topics (OpenAlex): Bird parasitology and diseases; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Microbial infections and disease research
TL;DR: Rational selection of an antibiotic and dosage regimen for treatment of common bacterial infections in companion birds and the potential impact on the bird-owner bond is reviewed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 article

Future Directions in Training Veterinarians for Companion Avian Species

Flammer, K. (2006, September 1). Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.

By: K. Flammer n

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases / diagnosis; Bird Diseases / prevention & control; Birds; Certification; Education, Continuing; Education, Graduate; Education, Veterinary / standards; Education, Veterinary / trends; Species Specificity; United States; Veterinary Medicine / standards; Veterinary Medicine / trends
topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Practice and Education Studies; Livestock and Poultry Management; Bird parasitology and diseases
TL;DR: Suggested undergraduate veterinary curricula, opportunities for post-graduate education, and options for training avian veterinarians are outlined. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 article

Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole after oral administration of single and multiple doses in African grey parrots

Flammer, K., & Papich, M. (2006, February 28). American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 67, pp. 417–422.

By: K. Flammer n & M. Papich n 

MeSH headings : Absorption; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents / blood; Antifungal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fluconazole / administration & dosage; Fluconazole / blood; Fluconazole / pharmacokinetics; Half-Life; Parrots / metabolism; Suspensions; Tablets
topics (OpenAlex): Insect and Pesticide Research; Dermatological diseases and infestations; Mosquito-borne diseases and control
TL;DR: Oral administration of fluconazole to parrots at 10 to 20 mg/kg every 24 to 48 hours maintains plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for several common yeast species. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 article

Assessment of Plasma Concentrations and Effects of Injectable Doxycycline in Three Psittacine Species

Flammer, K., & Papich, M. (2005, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 19, pp. 216–224.

By: K. Flammer* & M. Papich* 

author keywords: Chlamydia; Chlamydophila psittaci; avian chlamydiosis; psittacosis; doxycycline; pharmacist compounded; avian; Psittaciformes
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Bird parasitology and diseases; Vector-borne infectious diseases
TL;DR: The results of this study show that both the efficacy and the severity of injection-site reactions seen with use of this particular formulation of pharmacist-compounded doxycycline may vary depending on the species treated and particular drug batch. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 article

Doxycycline-Medicated Drinking Water for Treatment of Chlamydophila psittaci in Exotic Doves

Padilla, L. R., Flammer, K., & Miller, R. E. (2005, June 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: L. Padilla, K. Flammer* & R. Miller

author keywords: Chlamydophila psittaci; psittacosis; avian; chlamydosis; doxycycline; Columbiformes; fruit doves; doves
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties; Reproductive Health and Contraception
TL;DR: It is suggested that doxycycline-medicated drinking water may offer a safe, inexpensive, and practical method to treat fruit doves infected with C psittaci. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 article

Preliminary Assessment of the Effect of Diet and L-Carnitine Supplementation on Lipoma Size and Bodyweight in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Voe, R. S. D., Trogdon, M., & Flammer, K. (2004, March 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: R. Voe, M. Trogdon* & K. Flammer*

author keywords: lipoma; obesity; diet; L-carnitine; bodyweight; pellets; seed; parakeet; budgerigar; Melopsittacus undulatus
topics (OpenAlex): Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bird parasitology and diseases; Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
TL;DR: It is suggested that feeding a 100%-seed diet may result in inappropriate weight gain in budgerigars and that the use of L-carnitine supplementation in the management of lipomas deserves further investigation. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Preliminary assessment of the effect of diet and L-carnitine supplementation on lipoma size and bodyweight in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 18(1), 18-.

By: R. De Voe, M. Trogdon & K. Flammer

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 article

Assessment of plasma concentrations of doxycycline in budgerigars fed medicated seed or water

Flammer, K., Trogdon, M. M., & Papich, M. (2003, October 1). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 223, pp. 993–998.

By: K. Flammer n, M. Trogdon n & M. Papich n 

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Bird Diseases / drug therapy; Chlamydophila Infections / drug therapy; Chlamydophila Infections / veterinary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxycycline / blood; Doxycycline / pharmacokinetics; Doxycycline / therapeutic use; Female; Male; Parrots / blood; Prospective Studies
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Reproductive Health and Contraception; Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
TL;DR: Results suggest that hulled seed containing 300 mg of doxycycline hyclate/kg can safely establish and maintain plasma doxy cycline concentrations that are considered adequate for treatment of chlamydiosis in adult nonbreeding budgerigars. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 article

Disposition and Analgesic Effects of Fentanyl in White Cockatoos (Cacatua alba)

Hoppes, S., Flammer, K., Hoersch, K., Papich, M., & Paul-Murphy, J. (2003, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 17, pp. 124–130.

By: S. Hoppes n, K. Flammer n, K. Hoersch*, M. Papich n  & J. Paul-Murphy *

author keywords: fentanyl; opioids; analgesia; pharmacokinetics; psittaciformes; cockatoo; Cacatua alba
topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia; Pharmacological Effects and Assays; Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
TL;DR: Although the 0.2 mg/kg SC dose provided significant analgesia in some birds, fentanyl at this dose is not recommended as a routine analgesic agent because a large volume of drug must be injected and this dose causes hyperactivity in some Birds. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 conference paper

Blood lactate: potential applications in avian medicine

Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, 19–22.

By: R. De Voe, K. Flammer, L. Degernes & M. Burkhard

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 article

Plasma Concentrations of Enrofloxacin in Psittacine Birds Offered Water Medicated With 200 mg/L of the Injectable Formulation of Enrofloxacin

Flammer, K., & Whitt-Smith, D. (2002, December 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: K. Flammer* & D. Whitt-Smith*

author keywords: Escherichia coli; enrofloxacin; ciprofloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; water medication; pharmacology; psittaciformes
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing; Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
TL;DR: Water medicated with the injectable formulation of enrofloxacin at 200 mg/L maintains plasma concentrations in psittacine birds that are adequate only for treating systemic infections caused by highly susceptible bacteria. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 article

Capnographic monitoring of anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Edling, T. M., Degernes, L. A., Flammer, K., & Horne, W. A. (2001, December 15). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

By: T. Edling*, L. Degernes n, K. Flammer n & W. Horne n

MeSH headings : Anesthesia, Inhalation / veterinary; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary; Capnography / methods; Capnography / veterinary; Carbon Dioxide / analysis; Carbon Dioxide / blood; Hemodynamics; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / veterinary; Isoflurane; Parrots / blood; Parrots / physiology; Prospective Studies; Respiration
topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia; Bird parasitology and diseases; Turtle Biology and Conservation
TL;DR: Results indicated that PETCO2 reliably estimates PaCO2 in isoflurane-anesthetized African grey parrots receiving IPPV and suggest that IPPVs combined with capnography is a viable option for anesthetic maintenance in avian anesthesia. (via Semantic Scholar)
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14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 article

Plasma Concentrations of Doxycycline in Selected Psittacine Birds When Administered in Water for Potential Treatment of Chlamydophila psittaci Infection

Flammer, K., Whitt-Smith, D., & Papich, M. (2001, December 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 15, pp. 276–282.

By: K. Flammer*, D. Whitt-Smith* & M. Papich* 

author keywords: chlamydiosis; psittacosis; Psittaciformes; pharmacology; antibiotics; Chlamydia psittaci; Chlamydophila psittaci
topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Reproductive Health and Contraception; Genital Health and Disease
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that doxycycline-medicated water can safely maintain plasma concentrations adequate for treating avian Chlamydophila infections in African grey parrots and Goffin's cockatoos housed under standardized conditions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 article

Mycotic Keratitis in a Blue-fronted Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva)

HOPPES, S. H. A. R. M. A. N., GURFIELD, N. I. K. O. S., FLAMMER, K. E. V. E. N., COLITZ, C. A. R. M. E. N., & FISHER, P. E. T. E. R. (2000, September 1). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.

By: S. Hoppes, N. Gurfield*, K. Flammer*, C. Colitz* & P. Fisher

author keywords: aspergillosis; keratomycosis; mycotic endophthalmitis; blue-fronted Amazon parrot; Amazona aestiva
topics (OpenAlex): Ocular Infections and Treatments; Ocular Surface and Contact Lens; Microbial infections and disease research
TL;DR: Mycotic keratitis, localized to the left eye, in an adult blue-fronted Amazon parrot, is diagnosed and aspergillus fumigatus is considered as a potential cause of refractory ulcers. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Preliminary investigation of doxycycline plasma concentrations in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) after administration by injection or in water or feed

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 14(1), 23–30.

By: L. Powers, K. Flammer & M. Papich 

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Use of enrofloxacin (Baytril(R)) in psittacine birds

Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 21(12), 107.

By: K. Flammer

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 chapter

Zoonoses acquired from birds

In M. E. Fowler & R. E. Miller (Eds.), Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.) (pp. 151–156). Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders.

By: K. Flammer

Ed(s): . M. E. Fowler & R. Miller

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Multicystic biliary adenocarcinoma in a blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna)

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 12(2), 100–107.

By: L. Degernes, S. Trasti, L. Healy, K. Spaulding, K. Flammer & A. Romagnano

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Twenty years of progress in pet bird research

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 212(8), 1231–1233.

By: K. Flammer

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 chapter

Chlamydia

In Avian medicine and surgery (pp. 364–379). Philadelphia: Saunders.

By: K. Flammer

Ed(s):

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 article

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in the red pacu (Colossoma brachypomum) after intramuscular, oral and bath administration

LEWBART, G., VADEN, S., DEEN, J., MANAUGH, C., WHITT, D., DOI, A., … FLAMMER, K. (1997, April 1). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 20, pp. 124–128.

By: G. Lewbart n , S. Vaden n , J. Deen n, C. Manaugh n, D. Whitt n, A. Doi  n, T. Smith  n, K. Flammer n

MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents / blood; Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Enrofloxacin; Fishes / blood; Fluoroquinolones; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular; Models, Biological; Quinolones / administration & dosage; Quinolones / blood; Quinolones / pharmacokinetics
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Aquaculture disease management and microbiota; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
TL;DR: The intramuscular, oral, and bath immersion disposition of enrofloxacin were evaluated following administration to a cultured population of red pacu, finding the i.m. route is the most predictable and results in the highest plasma concentrations of the drug. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1992 conference paper

Preliminary report on the use of total parenteral nutrition in birds

Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, 19–20.

By: L. Degernes, G. Davidson, C. Kolmstetter, K. Flammer & L. Munger

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1991 article

Intramuscular and oral disposition of enrofloxacin in African grey parrots following single and multiple doses

FLAMMER, K., AUCOIN, D. P., & WHITT, D. A. (1991, December 1). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

By: K. Flammer*, D. Aucoin  n & D. Whitt n

MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Infective Agents / toxicity; Biological Availability; Ciprofloxacin / pharmacokinetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enrofloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary; Parrots / metabolism; Quinolones / administration & dosage; Quinolones / pharmacokinetics; Quinolones / toxicity
topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria; Malaria Research and Control
TL;DR: These studies indicate that a rational starting dose for enrofloxacin in psittacines (7.5-30 mg/kg BID) should be higher than those in other domestic animals. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1990 article

Plasma Concentrations of Enrofloxacin in African Grey Parrots Treated with Medicated Water

Flammer, K., Aucoin, D. P., Whitt, D. A., & Prus, S. A. (1990, October 1). Avian Diseases.

By: K. Flammer n, D. Aucoin, D. Whitt & S. Prus

topics (OpenAlex): Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Bird parasitology and diseases; Mosquito-borne diseases and control
TL;DR: Based on the concentrations achieved in these preliminary trials and the susceptibility patterns of gram-negative bacteria isolated from psittacine birds, drinking water medicated with enrofloxacin at 0.19-0.75 mg/ml might be effective for treating highly susceptible gram- negative bacterial infections in African grey parrots. (via Semantic Scholar)
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6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1990 article

Potential Use of Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline for Treatment of Chlamydiosis in Goffin's Cockatoos

Flammer, K., Aucoin, D. P., Whitt, D. A., & Styles, D. K. (1990, January 1). Avian Diseases.

By: K. Flammer n, D. Aucoin, D. Whitt & D. Styles

topics (OpenAlex): Reproductive tract infections research; Microbial infections and disease research; Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
TL;DR: A dosage regimen of 50 to 100 mg/kg of OTC subcutaneously every 2-3 days would safely maintain plasma concentrations in excess of 1.0 microgram/ml and could potentially be used as an alternative to medicated feeds or daily oral dosing regimens for the treatment of chlamydiosis in psittacine birds. (via Semantic Scholar)
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3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

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